BV  2050  .F67  1919 

Foreign  Missions  Conference 

of  North  America.  Committee 
Foreign  missions  year  book 

of  North  America,  1919 


FOREIGN  MISSIONS  YEAR  BOOK 

OF 

NORTH  AMERICA 
1919 


Edited  by 

BURTON    ST.    JOHN 

Director  or  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  and  Research 

Issued  Under  Auspices  of 

Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel 


Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel 

OF    THE 

FOREIGN  MISSIONS  CONFERENCE  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  Inc. 

25  MADISON  AVENUE 

NEW  YORK 


Copyright,  1919,  by 

COMMITTEE  OF  REFERENCE  AND  COUNSEL 

OF    THE 

FOREIGN  MISSIONS  CONFERENCE  OF  NORTH  AMERICA,  INC. 


INTRODUCTION 

"The  Foreign  Missions  Year  Book  of  North  America"  is  issued  to  meet  an  oft 
expressed  need  for  a  volume  which  would  bring  together  annually,  for  mention  at  least, 
the  chief  events  and  the  main  developments  that  have  marked  the  missionary  movement 
during  the  year.  Recognizing  the  need  for  such  a  volume,  the  Foreign  Missions  Confer- 
ence of  North  America  at  its  meeting  at  Garden  City  in  January,  1918,  committed  the 
question,  with  power,  to  the  Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel.  After  due  investiga- 
tion, this  Committee  charged  its  sub-Committee  on  the  Missionary  Research  Library  in 
collaboration  with  the  Director  of  the  Statistical  Bureau,  Mr.  Burton  St.  John,  to  prepare 
and  issue  such  a  volume. 

The  present  volume  admittedly  falls  far  short  of  the  ideals  of  its  editors.  The  fact 
that  it  is  the  first  of  the  series,  with  all  that  this  involves  of  unavoidable  experiment;  the 
further  fact  that  the  absorbing  claims  of  war  service  limited  greatly  the  time  which  its 
editors  could  contribute  to  this  labor  of  love;  and,  finally,  the  necessity  of  limiting  the 
volume  to  certain  dimensions  of  size  because  of  cost, — these  all  serve  to  explain  limitations 
and  imperfections,  even  deliberate  omissions,  which  another  year  may  help  to  remedy. 

The  aim  has  been  a  world-wide  survey  of  all  of  the  main  foreign  missionary  events 
and  developments  of  the  year  1918.  Yet,  while  world-wide  in  its  outlook,  the  survey  is 
intended  to  preserve  an  American  viewpoint,  emphasizing  such  facts  as  affect  more  vitally 
North  American  missionary  interests  and  activities.  Furthermore  the  desire  to  make  the 
volume  readable  and  to  avoid  the  impression  of  a  mere  enumeration  of  events,  has  made 
it  necessary  to  sacrifice  the  mention  of  many  most  interesting  although  minor  missionary 
events.  As  the  volume  went  to  press  the  first  of  December,  events  of  that  month  could 
not  be  included. 

The  use  of  this  Year  Book  will  extend  to  missionary  leaders  throughout  the  entire 
Protestant  constituency  of  North  America  with  its  membership  of  more  than  25,000,000 
and  its  ministry  of  more  than  170,000  leaders,  for  here  will  be  found  the  main  facts  of 
the  great  forward  movement  of  American  Christianity  in  foreign  lands,  the  year's  record 
of  an  enterprise  which  engages  upwards  of  11,000  American  workers  and  costs  more  than 
$22,000,000  annually.  Officials  of  mission  boards  and  societies  will  of  course  have  a 
peculiar  interest  in  this  volume.  In  addition,  libraries  will  desire  the  entire  series,  for 
here,  as  nowhere  else,  can  the  progress  of  the  missionary  movement  be  studied,  for  the 
records  being  prepared  annually  along  similar  lines  will  afford  opportunity  for  a  com- 
parative study  of  unique  value. 

In  conclusion,  the  hearty  thanks  of  the  Committee  needs  to  be  extended  to  those 
who  have  rendered  inestimable  service  in  preparing  sections  of  the  Year  Book  to  which 
their  names  are  attached. 

Charles  R.  Watson,  Chairman  Committee  on  Missionary  Research  Library. 


CONTENTS 


Introduction Charles  R.  Watson . 

Home  Base,  Canada  and  the  United  States 

Home  Base,  Great  Britain 

Home  Base,  Continent J.  W.  Gunning .  .  . 


Field  Reviews 

Latin  America 

Argentine  Republic . 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Central  America. . . 

Chile 

Colombia 

Cuba 

Mexico 

Paraguay 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 


Webster  E.  Browning . 


Asia 


China ,. '. Lewis  Hodous 

Chosen Enoch  Bell 

French  Indo-China 

India D.J.  Fleming 

Japan Enoch  Bell 

Malaysia D.  J.  Fleming. .'. . . 

Palestine B.  Carter  Millikin . 

Persia George  T.  Scott 

Siam , 

Syria Stanley  White 


Africa 

Mohammedan  North  Africa. 

Abyssinia 

Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan 

Egypt 

French  Somaliland 

Italian  Somaliland 

Morocco 


PAGE 

3 
9 

12 

13 


Arabia  and  Mesopotamia William  I.  Chamberlain 25 


,  Samuel  M.  Zwemer. 43 

43 

44 

44 

45 

46 

: 46 


PAGE 

Tripoli Samuel  M.  Zuemer 46 

Tunis  and  Algeria 46 

Negro  Africa James  Dexter  Taylor 47 

War  Influences 47 

Senegal  to  Kamerun 48 

French  Congo  to  South  West  Africa 50 

South  Africa 51 

East  Africa 53 

Islands 

Netherlands  East  Indies /.  W.  Gunning 54 

Philippine  Archipelago Harry  Farmer 55 

Unoccupied  Fields Charles  R.  Watson 57 

Thirty  Missionary  Volumes Harlan  P.  Beach 61 

Some  Important  Magazine  Articles 64 

Visualizing  Missions S.  W.  Boggs .  71 

Table  of  Countries 82 

Religions  of  the  World 84 

Missionary  Calls Vernon  Halliday 84 

Directory  and  Statistics 

Directory  of  Missionary  Societies,  Canada Statistical  Bureau 90 

Director  of  Missionary  Societies,  United  States. .                                   93 

Directory  of  Missionary  Societies,  Other  Countries                                119 

Statistics  of  American  Missionary  Societies 

Table  I.        Incomes "                126 

Table  II.       Missions  to  Europe . 132 

Table  III.     Missions  to  Latin  America " 132 

Table  IV.      Missions  to  the  Non-Christian  World            "                 136 

Index 149 


THE  HOME  BASE 


THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  HOME  BASE 

Rev.  Charles  R.  Watson,  D.  D. 

With  the  entrance  of  the  United  States  into  the  War,  it  was  expected  that  missionary 
societies  would  experience  a  shrinkage  in  their  financial  and  personnel  resources.  The 
year,  as  indeed  previous  years  also,  has  been  marked  by  increased  cost  of  operation,  but 
the  statistical  records  show  no  adverse  effects  in  the  columns  of  contributions  and  workers. 
The  total  receipts  of  American  Societies  for  1918  is  $22,100,000  as  against  $20,400,000  for 
the  previous  year,  and  the  number  of  foreign  workers  is  11,400  as  against  11,300  for  the 
previous  year.  Individual  mission  boards  report  remarkable  advances  in  their  receipts. 
The  Church  of  England  in  Canada,  the  Methodist  Church  of  Canada,  the  Seventh-Day 
Adventist  Denomination,  the  Disciples  of  Christ,  the  American  Friends,  the  Mennonite 
Board  of  Missions  and  Charities,  the  Moravian  Church,  the  Presbyterian  Church  (North) 
and  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  are  examples  of  such  increases. 

Significant  Movements 

More  significant  than  actual  achievements  is  the  daring  character  of  movements 
launched  during  the  year  for  future  realization.  It  is  as  if  the  War  had  stirred  the 
imagination  and  challenged  the  courage  of  the  Christian  Church.  The  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  has  adopted  a  program  which  aims  at  $80,000,000  to  be  secured  in  connection 
with  its  centennial  movement  during  the  next  five  years  for  its  missionary  work  at  home 
and  abroad.  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  ratified  plans  for  raising  $35,000,000 
for  the  centenary  offering  of  the  Church.  The  Southern  Baptist  Convention  is  aiming 
at  a  $2,500,000  goal,  by  1920,  for  the  work  of  their  benevolent  societies.  The  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  North,  includes  the  following  additions 
to  their  current  obligations:  $250,000  for  India;  $100,000  for  Guatemala;  $100,000  for 
Syria  and  an  increase  in  the  regular  budget  of  ten  per  cent;  also  $1,000,000  of  annuities 
and  one  hundred  twenty-five  new  missionaries. 

Increased  Giving 

Among  the  outstanding  causes  for  increased  measure  of  giving  are  the  following: 
the  stimulus  of  higher  standards  of  giving  for  War  objects;  the  concrete  character  of 
the  appeals  and  the  obvious  needs  resulting  from  the  War  situation,  such  as  increased 
cost  of  transportation,  food,  fuel  and  building  material ;  the  keener  interest  of  the  public 
in  foreign  missions  because  so  many  of  these  very  peoples  were  directly  related  to  the 
War;  the  sense  of  crisis  in  the  world's  history  and  in  the  unfolding  of  the  Kingdom  of 
God.     , 

Canadian    Achievement 

Most  remarkable  are  the  missionary  achievements  in  Canada  where  the  burden  of 
the  War  is  much  heavier  because  it  has  been  borne  longer.  The  Methodist  Church  of 
Canada,  for  example,  reported  from  all  sources,  an  increase  of  $91,000  over  the  preceding 
year,  or  an  advance  of  twelve  per  cent.  The  Baptists  of  Western  Canada  gave  $2.80  per 
member  for  missionary  and  educational  work  while  nearly  8,000  heads  of  families  were 
at  the  Front  in  the  War. 

Cooperation 

Cooperation  and  even  union  have  been  emphasized  strongly  and  repeatedly  by  condi- 
tions resulting  from  the  War.  In  a  sphere  of  service  not  far  removed  in  its  character 
and  principles  from  that  of  foreign  missions,  seven  different  agencies  engaged  in  War 

9 


Camp  activities  came  tog-ether  at  the  personal  request  of  the  President  and  in  a  united 
financial  campaign  succeeded  in  raising  over  $200,000,000.  These  agencies  were  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  the 
National  Catholic  War  Council,  the  Jewish  Welfare  Board,  the  War  Camp  Community 
Service,  the  American  Library  Association  and  the  Salvation  Army.  At  the  Annual  Con- 
ference of  Foreign  Missions  at  Garden  City  in  January,  1918,  Mr.  James  M.  Speers 
proposed  that  the  American  Foreign  Missionary  Societies  unite  in  a  common  appeal  to 
American  Protestantism  in  behalf  of  their  work.  This  suggestion  was  thought  not  to  be 
practicable  at  that  time,  but  the  proposition  has  since  been  revived  by  action  taken  in 
November  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  United  States,  South. 

The  outstanding  union  movement  consummated  during  1918  is  the  union  of  three 
Lutheran  bodies  :  the  General  Synod,  the  General  Council  and  the  United  Synod  of  the 
South.  This  union  took  place  in  New  York  in  November,  1918.  The  proposed  union  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  North,  and  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South, 
is  reported  by  the  Committee  to  have  made  "substantial  and  reassuring"  progress  during 
the  year.  A  union  of  all  Presbyterian  bodies  has  been  much  discussed,  but  as  yet  has  not 
come  to  fruition. 

Student  Volunteer  Movement 

The  Student  Volunteer  Movement  held  a  conference  at  Northfield,  Massachusetts,  at 
the  beginning  of  the  year,  which  was  attended  by  seven  hundred  students  and  professors 
from  all  sections  of  the  country.  The  program  adopted  by  that  gathering  included  the 
following  points  :  to  enlist  at  least  200,000  college  men  and  women  in  a  study  and  dis- 
cussion of  the  principles  of  Christ;  to  call  students  to  a  decision  for  Christ  as  Master  of 
all  of  life ;  to  enlist  a  sufficient  number  of  qualified  men  and  women  for  the  foreign  mis- 
sionary program  of  the  Church;  and  to  contribute  at  least  one-half  a  million  dollars 
during  1919  from  the  colleges  for  the  foreign  missionary  program  of  the  Church. 

Laymen's    Missionary    Movement 

The  Laymen's  Missionary  Movement  has  added  to  its  staff  for  purposes  of  a  trans- 
continental series  of  conventions,  two  men  of  outstanding  platform  ability :  the  Rev. 
Samuel  M.  Zwemer,  D.  D.,  the  world  renowned  leader  in  missions  to  Moslems,  and  the 
Rev.  E.  M.  Poteat,  D.  D.,  president  of  Furman  University,  South  Carolina. 

Missionary    Education    Movement 

The  Missionary  Education  movement  has  called  as  successor  of  Mr.  H.  W.  Hicks, 
the  Rev.  E.  M.  Hall,  D.  D.,  to  be  General  Secretary.  It  has  also  promoted  a  special 
campaign  for  funds  with  which  to  enlarge  its  publication  activities. 

Foreign  Missions  Conference 

The  Foreign  Missions  Conference  of  North  America  gives  expression,  as  perhaps 
no  other  body  does,  to  the  united  interest  and  life  of  the  foreign  missionary  agencies  of 
North  America.  Its  twenty-fifth  meeting  was  held  at  Garden  City,  Long  Island,  January 
15th  to  17th,  1918,  and  a  special  program  reviewed  its  development  across  the  quarter  of 
a  century  which  had  passed.  Where,  at  its  first  meeting,  sixty-eight  persons  were  in 
attendance,  at  its  twenty-fifth  anniversary  the  attendance  reached  three  hundred  twenty- 
five  :  where,  at  the  start,  only  twenty-one  Boards  were  represented,  at  its  twenty-fifth 
meeting  some  fifty-five  were  represented.  The  Conference  voted  unanimously  to  accept 
the  act  to  incorporate  the  Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel,  thus  providing  for  itself 
a  method  by  which  it  might  legally  hold  property  and  administer  the  same.  The  Con- 
ference also  adopted  a  budget  of  $70,539  for  the  support  of  its  work  during  the  ensuing 
year.  One-fifth  of  this  amount  is  distributed  in  appropriations  to  such  national  field 
organizations  as  the  China  Continuation  Committee,  the  National  Missionary  Council  of 
India  and  the  Japan  Continuation  Committee.  Approximately  $10,000  goes  to  the  work 
carried  on  by  the  Board  of  Missionary  Preparation,  the  balance  is  expended  under  the 
direct  supervision  of  the  Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel  in  the  activities  of  the 
missionary  headquarters  at  25  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

10 


Missionary   Research   Library 

The  Missionary  Research  Lihrary  at  25  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City,  now  con- 
tains over  fifteen  thousand  books  and  bound  volumes  of  reports  and  periodicals  which 
have  been  carefully  catalogued,  constituting  one  of  the  most  important,  if  not  the  most 
important,  missionary  research  library  in  North  America.  The  Library  receives  currently 
two  hundred  periodicals,  and  has  partial  or  complete  files  of  six  hundred  forty-one  others. 

Statistical    Bureau 

The  Statistical  Bureau,  which  periodically  prepares  such  comprehensive  statistical 
surveys  as  the  Quinquennial  Statistical  Survey,  issues  annually  the  Home  Base  Statistics 
printed  in  this  volume.  In  addition  to  this,  it  has  served  in  most  important  investigations, 
preparing  material  for  important  questions  which  have  been  precipitated  by  the  War  and 
the   Peace  Conference. 

Board  of   Missionary   Preparation 

The  Board  of  Missionary  Preparation  has  issued  during  the  past  year  a  number  of 
most  important  and  authoritative  reports  of  a  series  intended  to  present  to  missionary 
candidates  the  problems  of  the  different  world  reljgions.  Amefng  the  reports  which  have 
appeared  are  the  following :  on  Confucianism ;  on  Buddhism ;  on  Mohammedanism  and 
on  Preparation  of  Missionaries  for  Literary  Work.  Dr.  F.  K.  Sanders,  the  Director  of 
the  Board,  has  completed  an  extensive  journey  to  the  mission  fields  of  the  Far  East. 

Missionary    Ammunition 

The  sub-committee  on  Cultivation  of  the  Home  Church  has  continued  the  issuance 
of  the  popular  series  of  leaflets  for  pastors  under  the  heading  of  "Missionary  Ammu- 
nition." This  Committee  also  arranged  for  an  important  conference  on  missionary  candi- 
dates held  December  3rd  and  4th,  where  the  whole  question  of  missionary  personnel  was 
discussed  and  important  conclusions  were  reached  with  reference  to  missionary  policy 
for  the  future. 

The  Secretary 

The  election  of  a  secretary  by  the  Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel,  who  might 
give  the  major  portion  of  his  time  to  the  direction  of  the  work  of  the  Committee,  marks 
a  distinct  stage  in  the  development  of  the  work  of  this  Committee  which  was  made 
necessary  by  the  increasing  financial  responsibilities  and  administrative  work  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Reference  and  Counsel.     Mr.  F.  P.  Turner  was  elected  to  fill  this  office. 

Committee  on  Cooperation  in  Latin  America 

The  Committee  on  Cooperation  in  Latin  America,  representing  thirty-one  mission 
boards,  has  emphasized  during  the  past  year  cooperation  in  literature  and  cooperation  in 
education  for  Latin  America.  The  Committee's  report  reveals  very  encouraging  and 
practical  results  of  their  campaign  in  these  two  directions. 

Emergency  Committee 

A  most  important  proposal  brought  before  the  Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel 
during  the  year,  and  approved  by  it,  subject  to  ratification  by  the  Annual  Conference  in 
January,  1919,  was  the  appointment  of  the  "Emergency  Committee  of  Cooperating  Mis- 
sions." This  proposal  was  the  result  of  a  conference  held  by  Dr.  J.  R.  Mott  and  Dr.  C.  R. 
Watson  with  representatives  of  missionary  societies  in  Great  Britain  and  France.  The 
War  created  a  situation  of  special  urgency  calling  for  the  organization  of  some  mission- 
ary agency  with  international  contacts,  which  could  deal  with  pressing  problems  developed 
by  the  War.  The  fact  that  the  Continuation  Committee  was  inactive  and  was  to  remain 
inactive  by  common  consent  during  the  War,  prevented  that  organization  from  being 
used  for  the  purposes  named.  It  was  proposed,  therefore,  to  appoint  the  "Emergency 
Committee  of  Cooperating  Missions"  to  be  composed  for  the  present  of  eight  members 
representing  the  Foreign  Missions  Conference  Boards  of  North  America,  or  its  Com- 
mittee of  Reference  and  Counsel,  six  representing  the  Conference  of  Missionary  Socie- 
ties in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  or  its  Standing  Committee,  and  one  representing  each 


other  country,  the  missionary  societies  of  which  would  be  willing  to  appoint  representa- 
tives :  Dr.  John  R.  Mott  to  be  the  chairman  of  the  Committee,  and  Mr.  J.  H.  Oldham  and 
Mr.  Kenneth  Maclennan  to  be  secretaries  and  ex-officio  members  of  the  Committee.  The 
functions  of  the  Committee  are  to  be: 

(a)  To  consult  regarding  questions  affecting  the  relations  between  Missions  and 
Governments,  in  which  the  missionary  societies  are  jointly  interested. 

(b)  To  consult  regarding  the  means  by  which  provision  may  be  made  for  the  work 
of  the  missions  which  have  suffered  through  the  War. 

(c)  To  correlate  constructive  plans  for  meeting  the  present  situation  and  for  deal- 
ing with  questions  in  which  the  missionary  societies  have  a  common  interest  in  this  crisis. 

The  foregoing  proposals  were  adopted  by  the  Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel 
and  the  following  members  were  appointed  to  serve  as  the  American  Secretaries :  John 
R.  Mott,  LL.  D.,  Rev.  James  L.  Barton,  D.D.,  Rev.  C.  R.  Watson,  L>D.,  Rev.  W.  I. 
Chamberlain,  D.D.,  Rev.  A.  J.  Brown,  D.D.,  Rev.  F.  M.  North,  D.D.,  Rev.  Canon  S. 
Gould,  S.S.,  M.D.,  and  Mrs.  Henry  W.  Peabody. 

THE  BRITISH  HOME  BASE 

Rev.  Charles  R.  Watson,  D.  D. 

This  report  deals  almost  exclusively  with  missionary  activities  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Conference  of  Missionary  Societies  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Information  was 
not  collected  covering  the  work  of  individual  missionary  societies.  The  past  year,  how- 
ever, would  seem  to  have  been  in  general  a  year  of  financial  prosperity,  for  the  "Inter- 
national Review  of  Missions"  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  out  of  fifteen  missionary 
societies  whose  representatives  were  present  at  a  meeting  in  London  in  April,  1918, 
thirteen  reported  incomes  larger  than  those  of  previous  years,  and  of  these,  ten  reported 
the  largest  income  on  their  records.  War  service  has  likewise  claimed  many  mission- 
aries and  even  a  greater  number  of  those  on  the  headquarters  staffs  of  the  several  socie- 
ties, the  Church  Missionary  Society,  for  example,  reporting  fifty-nine  of  the  former  and 
fifty-eight  of  the  latter  in  war  service. 

Conference  of  Missionary  Societies 

The  Annual  Conference  of  Missionary  Societies  met  June  19th  to  21st  in  London, 
with  an  attendance  of  ninety-three  representing  thirty-eight  missionary  agencies.  The 
work  of  the  Conference  is  administered  ad  interim  by  the  Standing  Committee  and  a 
number  of  special  committees.  When  it  is  remembered  that  at  the  time  of  the  Edin- 
burgh Conference  there  was  no  national  organization  in  Great  Britain  representing  the 
missionary  societies  of  Great  Britain,  the  rapid  development  of  this  Annual  Conference 
will  appear  the  more  remarkable.  The  activities  of  the  Conference  for  the  year  ending 
March  31st,  1918,  cost  over  $7,500,  and  a  budget  was  adopted  for  the  ensuing  year 
amounting  to  over  $14,000.  This  revenue  is  secured  by  contributions  from  the  constituent 
societies  at  the  rate  of  thirty-three  shillings  per  1,000  pounds  of  income,  or  approximately 
one-sixth  of  one  per  cent.  The  importance  of  the  work  carried  on  abundantly  justifies 
the  financial  expenditure. 

Matters  pertaining  to  the  War  and  relationships  between  Missions  and  Governments 
held  first  place  in  the  discussions  of  the  Conference.  Among  these  were  the  policy  of 
the  British  Government  towards  missionaries  of  other  nationalities,  the  safeguarding 
of  religious  freedom  and  missionary  liberties  in  the  Near  East,  the  new  legislation  in 
Egypt,  the  obtaining  of  passages  for  women  missionaries  desiring  to  reach  their_  mission 
fields,  the  disposal  of  German  mission  property  and  the  care  of  certain  business  interests 
developed  by  German  industrial  missions  such  as  the  Basel  Mission  Trading  Company 
in  the  Gold  Coast  and  in  India. 

Emergency  Committee 

The  Conference  voted  its  approval  of  the  proposal  described  in  a  previous  section, 
to  form  an  Emergency  Committee  of  Cooperating  Missions.  The  British  members  of 
this  Committee  are:  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  Rev.  J.  N.  Ogilvie,  D.D.,  Rev.  J.  H. 
Ritson,  D.D.,  Mrs.  Creighton,  Rev.  C.  C.  B.  Bardsley  and  Rev.  C.  E.  Wilson. 

12 


Headquarters 

The  Conference  decided  to  transfer  its  headquarters  for  cooperative  work  to  London 
from  Edinburgh  where  it  had  been  officially  located  in  order  to  relate  it  to  the  office  of 
the  Continuation  Committee.  Steps  were  taken  to  secure  permanent  headquarters.  The 
Conference  devoted  much  time  to  a  discussion  of  the  marked  recent  trend  toward  develop- 
ing in  the  larger  mission  fields  inter-missionary  agencies,  such  as  the  China  Continuation 
Committee.  It  was  felt  to  be  a  hopeful  and  necessary  movement,  but  one  which  called 
for  caution  as  to  the  scale  of  development  and  as  to  relationships.  Evidently  the  Con- 
ference was  disturbed  by  the  extent  of  the  program  and  budget  of  the  China  Continuation 
Committee.  A  brief  account  of  the  work  of  various  Committees  of  the  Conference 
follows : 

Board  for  Preparation  of  Missionaries 

The  Board  of  Study  for  the  Preparation  of  Missionaries  lost  its  secretary,  Dr.  John 
Steele,  by  his  resignation,  and  it  was  voted  to  limit  the  activities  of  the  Board  somewhat, 
allowing  it  only  half  time  of  a  Secretary.  The  Board  has  organized  special  lecture 
courses  during  the  year  and  vacation  courses  for  the  summer  for  missionary  candidates. 
A  Bulletin  of  Missionary  Studies  is  issued  every  four  months  and  a  library  of  three 
hundred  volumes  has  been  developed. 

Committee  on  Home  Base 

The  Committee  on  the  Home  Base  has  issued  a  number  of  pamphlets  setting  forth 
the  missionary  opportunity.  It  defines  the  main  lines  of  its  activity  as  follows :  to  make 
the  best  missionary  speakers  of  one  society  available  to  other  societies ;  to  bring  societies 
into  consultation  with  each  other  as  to  their  deputation  work ;  to  plan  for  united  adver- 
tisement of  missionary  work;  and  to  prepare  and  publish  special  pamphlets  desired  by 
more  than  one  society. 

Advisory  Board  on  Medicral  Missions 

The  British  Advisory  Board  on  Medical  Missions  has  helped  to  coordinate  medical 
enterprises.  The  Hankow  Medical  College  was  closed  and  its  students  were  transferred 
to  Tsinanfu.  The  Board  has  also  had  before  it  for  study  various  medical  proposals, 
such  as  the  proposed  medical  college  for  women  at  Vellore,  the  Women's  Christian 
Medical  College  at  Ludhiana,  the  Indian  Medical  Registration  Acts,  a  scheme  for  dealing 
with  blindness  in  India,  resolutions  of  the  Medical  Missionary  Associations  in  India  and 
China  and  a  proposal  to  establish  in  London  a  training  home  for  women  medical  mission- 
ary students. 

Sundry  Committees 

Other  Committees  are  those  on  Christian  Education,  on  Christian  Literature,  on 
Missionary  Survey  and  Occupation  and  on  Work  among  Moslems.  The  last  named 
Committee  is  studying  the  problem  created  by  pro-Moslem  colonial  policies  and  is  seeking 
to  find  the  solution  for  the  difficulties  resulting  from  such  policies  in  British  or  other 
colonial  possessions  and  protectorates. 

THE  CONTINENTAL  HOME  BASE 

Rev.    Dr.    J.    W.    Gunning 

Zendingsdirector, 

Holland 

As  the  writer  of  this  chapter  has  been  abroad  in  the  Dutch  colonies  for  two  and 
one-half  years,  and  as  periodicals  have  reached  him  very  irregularly  (from  Germany 
the  latest  are  those  of  March  16)  it  is  impossible  to  give  full  information. 

France 

Nowhere  can  the  situation  have  been  so  difficult  in  the  past  years  as  in  Germany  and 
France. 

In  France  almost  all  missionaries  are  university  men.     Here  also  missionaries  and 

13 


missionary  students  had  to  go  to  the  front.  This  must  have  hampered  seriously  the 
supply  of  new  workers  for  the  missionary  field.  Meanwhile  the  financial  conditions  in 
both  countries  were  much  better  than  the  majority  expected.  The  Societe  des  Missions 
fivangeliques  in  Paris  ended  1915  and  1916  without  deficit.  Up  to  July,  1918,  they  received 
francs  72,029,  while  only  francs  53,756  were  received  up  to  the  same  date  in  1917. 

Germany 

It  seems  the  more  wonderful  that  there  has  been  everywhere  an  increasing  interest 
for  missionary  work.  In  Germany  the  greatest  trouble  may  have  been  that  almost  all 
the  students  in  the  theological  seminaries  had  to  take  up  arms  for  their  country,  so  that 
the  seminaries  were  closed.  In  Barmen  the  seminary  was  reopened  in  September,  1917, 
with  only  ten  students,  of  whom  five  were  foreigners.  The  usual  number  enrolled  is 
about  seventy.  The  Rhenish  Mission  in  Barmen  reports  that  in  1917  for  the  first  time 
since  August,  1914,  they  received  again  as  before  the  war  more  than  1,000,000  of  marks. 

Scandinavian   Countries 

An  article  in  the  "Algemeine  Missionszeitschrift"  of  January  and  February,  1916, 
states  that  the  interest  for  missions  in  the  Scandinavian  Countries  has  increased  during 
the  war. 

The   Netherlands 

Even  concernng  his  own  country  (the  Netherlands)  the  writer  has  no  full  infor- 
mation. Since  the  direct  communication  between  Holland  and  its  Colonies  was  inter- 
rupted in  March,  1917,  most  of  the  missionaries  ready  to  sail  were  detained  in  Holland. 
Not  before  May,  1918,  did  it  appear  possible  to  reach  Java  by  the  way  of  America.  This 
involved  triple  time  and  expenses  in  making  this  journey.  It  was  difficult  to  raise  the 
required  money  for  the  work,  but  the  efforts  were  not  unsuccessful.  Meanwhile  the  diffi- 
culty is  increasing.  Up  to  July  31,  1918,  only  about  one-fourth  of  the  budget  came  in.  In 
September,  1917,  the  training  school  of  the  cooperating  missionary  bodies  was  removed 
from  Rotterdam  to  the  Village  of  Oegstgeest,  one  mile  from  Leyden,  the  seat  of  the  old 
University,  where  also  the  Government  officials  for  the  colonies  are  trained.  In  January, 
1918,  the  monthly  publications  of  the  four  cooperating  bodies  were  consolidated  into  one. 


14 


FIELD  REVIEWS 


EUROPE 

Owing  to  the  unsettled  condition  in  Europe  and  the  inability  to  secure  satisfactory 
reports  on  the  Missions  conducted  by  American  Societies  in  several  of  the  belligerent 
countries,  it  has  been  deemed  best  to  omit  from  this  survey  the  report  on  Europe. 

LATIN  AMERICA 

Rev.  Webster  E.  Browning,  Pe.  D. 


The  Land 

Latin  America  includes  all  that  part  of 
the  Western  Continent  which  lies  south  of 
the  Rio  Grande,  save  the  three  colonies  of 
Guiana,  together  with  the  three  small  re- 
publics of  the  West  Indies.*  The  total 
area  is  about  9,000,000  square  miles,  or 
three  times  that  of  the  United  States,  ex- 
clusive of  Alaska,  and  the  population  is 
estimated  at  85,000,000 

The  People 

This  population  is  composed  of  three 
classes. 

First,  the  pure  Indians,  the  descendants 
of  the  Aztec,  Inca,  Araucanian,  Guarani, 
and  many  other  smaller  tribes.  For  the 
most  part,  these  Indians  lead  an  uncivi- 
lized life  in  the  interior  of  the  continent, 
untouched  by  the  influence  of  the  whites, 
save  where  modern  civilization  has  rolled 
up  from  the  coasts  and  taught  them  all 
its  vices  and  few  of  its  virtues.  The  en- 
tire pure  Indian  population  of  Latin  Amer- 
ica would  probably  equal  ten  per  cent  of 
the  whole,  though  no  exact  estimate  can 
be    made. 

Second,  the  mixed  or  Creole  popula- 
tion. The  members  of  this  class  consti- 
tute the  proletariat  and  form,  grosso  modo, 
about  eighty  per  cent  of  the  whole  popu- 
lation. They  are  the  hewers  of  wood  and 
the  drawers  of  water;  generally  illiterate; 
often  of  illegitimate  birth ;  physically 
strong;  not  fond  of  hard  labor;  indulgent 
of   most  known   vices. 

Third,  the   upper,   rich,  cultured,  aristo- 

*  For  the  purpose  of  reporting,  statistically  and  otherwise,  the  Foreign  Missions  Conference  and 
the  Committee  on  Cooperation  in  Latin  America  include  within  "Latin  America"  the  Guianas  and  all 
of    the    West    Indies.  The  Editor. 

17 


cratic,  landed  families,  comprising  the  re- 
maining ten  per  cent  of  the  entire  popu- 
lation. This  class  generally  makes  the 
large  capitals  its  dwelling  place;  spends 
much  time  in  Europe,  especially  Paris; 
lives  from  the  income  of  its  estates ;  and 
largely  controls  the  political  situation  in 
the  respective  countries.  Under  its  influ- 
ence, republican  forms  of  government 
have  become  largely  oligarchical,  in  many 
states,  and  paternal  in  the  administration 
of  public  affairs. 

Need    of    Mission    Work 

In  Latin  America,  the  teachings  of  the 
Bible  are  practically  unknown.  The  ignor- 
ance of  the  people  dwarfs  the  spirituality. 
Many  evil  practices  have  crept  into  church 
life.  Christianity  is  reduced  to  a  formal- 
ism not  unlike  that  of  the  Middle 
Ages.  Illiteracy  claims  more  than  half 
of  the  entire  population.  The  intellectual 
life  and  the  ethical  standards  of  conduct 
are  utterly  divorced  from  religion.  The 
living  Christ,  with  His  Gospel  in  its  en- 
tirety and  purity,  has  not  been  revealed  to 
the  people,  except  as  presented  in  the  few 
and  inadequate  Protestant  missions  that 
have  been  established  around  the  fringe  of 
the  continent. 

Cooperation  in  Christian  Work 

Cooperation  among  the  missions  at  work 
in  Latin  America  has  made  steady  pro- 
gress during  1918.  The  Congress  of  Pan- 
ama and  the  Regional  Congresses,  all 
held   early   in    1916,   are   still   exercising  a 


healthful  influence,  and  are  frequently  re- 
ferred to  by  the  Catholic  press.  Some  of 
the  revelations  made  at  that  time  as  to 
social  and  moral  conditions  prevalent 
south  of  the  Rio  Grande  at  first  angered 
the  authorities  of  the  dominant  church, 
but  have  eventually  spurred  them  to  a  dis- 
cussion of  these  same  conditions  and,  it 
may  be  hoped,  to  instituting   reforms. 

Among  the  Evangelical  missions,  where- 
as there  was  formerly  the  inclination  to 
preempt  any  particularly  promising  field, 
rather  than  allow  some  other  body  of 
workers  to  secure  a  foothold,  now  there 
is,  for  the  most  part,  concerted  action  and 
fields  are  being  occupied  according  to  defi- 
nite and  mutually  acceptable  plans. 

Young   Men's   Christian   Association 

A  short  campaign  in  Montevideo,  Uru- 
guay, at  the  end  of  1917,  resulted  in  the 
subscription  of  over  a  hundred  thousand 
dollars  for  the  erection  of  a  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
building.  A  number  of  the  prominent  men 
of  the  city  served  on  the  Committee  and 
gave  generously  of  their  time.  A  similar 
sum  was  afterward  raised  in  Rio  de  Ja- 
neiro, and,  but  for  war  conditions,  the  cam- 
paign would  have  been  extended  to  other 
cities.  The  Association  is  doing  a  mag- 
nificent work  in  Buenos  Aires,  and  there 
are  loud  and  insistent  calls  that  it  go  into 
other  Latin  American  capitals.  Its  pro- 
gram is  just  what  is  needed  to  reach  the 
young  man  of  the  Latin  cities  and  could 
be  made  a  great  power  in  every  one  of 
these  republics.  Young  men  come  to  the 
Christian  workers  in  the  unoccupied  cap- 
itals and  beg  that  the  Association  come  to 
them  with  its  three  fold  program.  They 
practically  say,  "No  one  careth  for  our 
souls !" 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association 

This  institution  is  also  much  needed  in 
the  development  of  Christian  work  in 
Latin  America.  At  present,  its  representa- 
tion is  limited  to  one  Association  in  a 
few   rented    rooms,    in    Buenos    Aires,    but 


should  be  extended  to  every  Latin  Amer- 
ican capital  as  soon  as  possible.  If  the 
young  man  of  Latin  America  is  neglected 
and  spiritually  needy,  the  young  woman  is 
much  more  so.  She  is  absolutely  shut  up 
to  local  standards,  with  no  means  of  con- 
tact with  ffesh  and  more  invigorating 
Christian  life   and   experience. 

Standardization   of   Schools 

Considerable  progress  has  been  made 
during  the  year  in  standardizing  the  mis- 
sion schools  of  South  America  and  coor- 
dinating them  with  the  local  government 
programs.  The  four  schools  of  Bolivia 
have  all  standardized  on  the  primary  pro- 
gram of  the  government,  and  the  two  large 
Boys'  Secondary  Schools  have  also  adopt- 
ed the  official  course  of  study.  In  Peru 
the  schools  were  standardized  and  lines 
of  cooperation  between  the  different  mis- 
sions laid  down.  In  Colombia  the  nine 
primary  mission  schools  standardized  with 
the  adoption  of  the  government's  program 
as  a  basis  of  their  work,  and  the  second- 
ary schools  have  also  adopted  the  official 
courses. 

Temperance   Work   and   Progress 

In  the  matter  of  the  prohibition  of  the 
sale  of  alcoholic  drinks,  some  of  the 
Latin  American  countries  are  making 
headway.  Peru  recently  passed  a  law  pro- 
hibiting the  sale  or  consumption  of  alco- 
holic liquors  on  Saturdays  and  Sundays, 
and  Porto  Rico  has  gone  completely 
"dry"  by  an  overwhelming  majority.  In 
Montevideo,  Uruguay,  a  national  Anti-Al- 
coholic Congress  was  held  in  May,  1918, 
and  plans  are  now  being  made  to  hold 
an  International  Congress  in  that  city  in, 
1920.  On  the  organizing  committee  of  the 
local  Congress,  and  on  that  appointed  to 
organize  the  international  gathering.  Cath- 
olics and  Protestants  are  mingled  in  about 
equal  proportions.  No  distinction  or  ques- 
tion of  creed  is  raised  in  this  cooperative 
work,  but  all  unite  in  the  warfare  against 
the  evil   of   drink. 


ARGENTINE  REPUBLIC 


Educational  Conference 

The  first  Missionary  Educational  Con- 
ference to  be  held  in  Latin  America  met 
in  Buenos  Aires  in  January,  1918.  There 
were     delegates     from     Brazil,     Paraguay, 


Uruguay  and  Argentina.  Fourteen  re- 
ligious organizations  were  represented 
among  the  seventy-five  workers  in  attend- 
ance, and  the  Findings  reveal  a  close  study 
of  the  existing  conditions  and  needs  of 
that  vast   territory.     This   Conference   did 


18 


much  to  awaken  interest  in  educational 
problems,  and  may  be  considered  the  fore- 
runner of  others  of  a  similar  character 
which  are  to  be  held  in  other  parts  of  the 
continent. 

In  the  city  of  Buenos  Aires  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church  and  the  Disciples 
of  Christ  have  united  on  a  fifty-to-fifty 
basis  in  the  work  of  the  "Colcgio  Ameri- 
cano" of  that  city.  Other  mission  schools 
are  to  be  linked  up  with  this  center,  thus 
affiliating  all  the  Evangelical  institutions 
in   one   general    forward   movement. 

Philosophic   Unrest 

The  need  of  Christian  education  is  most 
keenly  felt  in  Argentina  and  Uruguay.  In 
these  countries,  in  particular,  rationalism, 
materialism,  and  agnosticism  are  domi- 
nant. An  Argentine  leader  recently  di- 
vided his  countrymen  into  three  classes : 
— those  who  have  no  religious  convictions, 
who  support  the  Roman  Catholic  church ; 
those  who  have  no  religious  convictions, 
but  oppose  the  Church ;  those  who  have 
no  religious  convictions  and  are  indiffer- 
to  all  churches. 

Students  in  these  republics  are  alienated 
and  in  most  cases  antagonistic  to  all  re- 
ligion, while  political,  social,  and  intel- 
lectual leaders  are  scarcely  less  hostile  to 
the  Church. 

A  bill  has  been  presented  to  the  Uru- 
guayan Congress,  signed  by  the  President 
and  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction, 
which  provides  for  the  exclusion  of  all 
ministers  of  religion  from  teaching  in  pri- 
vate primary  schools.  This  bill  is  openly 
directed  against  the  teaching  orders  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  but  excepts  no 
other   religious   organization. 


Work  Under-manned 

The  number  of  Roman  Catholic  priests 
is  very  small,  in  comparison  with  the  pop- 
ulation, and  the  Protestant  work  is  piti- 
fully under-manned  and  under-equipped. 
The  great  mass  of  the  people  do  not  know 
what  Jesus  Christ  taught  nor  what  the 
New  Testament  teaches.  This  condition 
should  constitute  a  stupendous  appeal  to 
the  churches  of  the  United  States. 

War's    Effect 

"A  world  church  as  an  outgrowth  of 
the  war"  is  a  credible  contingency,  ac- 
cording to  Bishop  Oldham  of  South  Amer- 
ica. Speaking  on  this  theme  he  said : 
"This  war  has  really  been  a  help  to  us. 
It  has  stirred  sluggish  minds.  And  men- 
tal movements,  you  know,  are  always  a 
help. 

"Take  our  case  in  Argentina.  There 
was  a  regular  separatist  movement  there 
before  the  war.  They  wanted  a  national 
Argentine  Methodist  Church.  I  met  with 
some  of  the  leaders  and  talked  the  tiling 
through.  There  was  an  actual  racial  and 
national  feeling  at  work,  so  I  suggested 
that  they  organize  into  a  regional  confer- 
ence, to  be  self-supporting.  They  organ- 
ized immediately  into  a  regional  mission- 
ary society.  Then  I  called  their  atten- 
tion to  the  fact  that  an  Argentine  Church 
would  not  necessarily  mean  stopping  at  the 
border  of  Argentina.  I  argued  till  they 
saw  that.  Now  they  are  working  hard  to 
get  away  from  the  parochial  to  the  wider 
view.  The  Methodist  Church,  hence,  has 
become  a  unifying  force.  This  war  is 
proving  the  utter  futility  of  a  church  be- 
longing alone  to  this  or  that  nation.  It 
must  be  a  world  church." 


BOLIVIA 


This  republic  is  developing  very  rapidly 
along  material  and  educational  lines.  The 
exportation  of  tungsten  and  other  metals 
has  been  unusually  heavy  during  the  war 
and  many  mining  propositions  are  now  be- 
ing promoted.  The  country  is  evidently 
just  entering  an  era  of  great  prosperity. 

Education 

The  advance  along  educational  lines  has 
been  commensurate  with  material  prog- 
ress. The  public  school  system  was  reor- 
ganized by  a  commission  of  Belgian  ex- 
perts,   who    were    employed    for    this    pur- 


pose, and  the  Normal  Schools  of  the  lead- 
ing cities  are  equal  or  superior  to  any  in 
South  America.  The  annual  budget  for 
education  is  about  $1,000,000,  which  is  a 
great  advance  over  past  years. 

The  Methodist  schools  of  La  Paz  and 
Cochabamha  are  planning  to  keep  pace 
with  this  progress  in  the  State  schools,  and 
new  properties  have  been  acquired  in  both 
cities.  The  judgment  of  the  General  In- 
spector of  Public  Instruction,  recently  ex- 
pressed, was  that  these  schools  are  supe- 
rior, in  many  respects,  to  all  others  in 
Bolivia.  "Your  schools,"  he  said,  "edu- 
cate, while  ours  merely  instruct." 


19 


BRAZIL 


Education 

In  Brazil  a  Union  Seminary  of  high 
grade  has  been  formed  by  joint  action  of 
most  of  the  missionary  forces  of  that  coun- 
try, and  its  corps  of  professors  has  al- 
ready been  named. 

In  this  country,  too,  there  has  been 
formed  an  Evangelical  University  Federa- 
tion, which  has  standardized  and  coordi- 
nated the  principal  missionary  schools  of 
the  country  and  thus  laid  the  foundation 
for  the  Evangelical  University.  A  num- 
ber of  the  Faculties  of  this  University  are 
already  at  work,  in  the  different  mission- 
ary colleges,  and  when  the  organization  is 
complete  it  will  be  not  only  an  Evangel- 
ical University,  but,  also,  the  first  National 
University  of  Brazil.  This  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  Republic  of  Brazil  has  no 
national  university,  but,  rather,  does  its 
work  through  groups  of  Faculties  scat- 
tered through  the  various  States  of  the 
Union. 

Sympathetic    Leaders 

Many  of  the  prominent  men  of  Brazil 
are  sympathetic  to  Protestant  views. 
Senhor  Ruy  Barbosa,  who  was  prominent 
at  the  first  Hague  Conference,  is  some- 
times called  a  Protestant  because  of  his 
expressed  desire  to  see  a  Bible  in  the 
hands  of  every  Brazilian.  One  of  the 
speakers  at  the  Regional  Congress,  held 
in  Rio  de  Janeiro,  was  the  editor  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  greatest  Portuguese  publi- 
cation in  .the  world, — O  Jornal  do  Co- 
rn ercio. 

Self-Support 

One  entire  denomination,  the  Congrega- 
tional Union  of  Brazil,  with  over  2,000 
communicants,  receives  no  aid  from  ex- 
ternal sources.  This  is  also  true  of  a  still 
larger  organization,  one  of  the  branches  of 
the    Presbyterian   church,   which   has    over 


five  thousand  members.  The  number  of 
self-supporting  Baptist  churches  in  the 
North  Brazil  Mission  is  three  times  what 
it  was  a  year  ago.  The  fourteen  churches 
reported  as  self-supporting  last  year  have 
now  grown  to  forty-two.  Of  the  thirty- 
five  churches  in  the  Campos  field,  South 
Brazil,  twenty-eight  are  reported  as  self- 
supporting.  The  First  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  although  it  has  lost 
many  members  who  have  gone  to  form 
other  churches,  still  reports  almost  thir- 
teen hundred  communicants.  The  Evan- 
gelical Hospital,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and 
other  interdenominational  undertakings  of 
the  city  draw  largely  on  this  church  for 
workers    and    financial    support. 

Christian  Endeavor   Societies 

Brazil  is  that  country  of  Latin  America 
in, which  the  Christian  Endeavor  Societies 
have  been  able  to  do  their  most  extensive 
work.  In  October,  1916,  thirty-five  socie- 
ties were  reported.  Since  that  time  they 
have  more  than  doubled  and  there  are 
now  seventy-seven  in  all.  Of  this  num- 
ber, thirteen  are  Junior  Societies.  In  ad- 
dition, there  are  a  number  of  Societies 
which  are  not  enrolled  in  the  national 
Union.  This  Union  now  has  societies  in 
all  but  four  States  of  Brazil,  and  in  these 
four   States  organizations   are  under  way. 

The   Bible  Society 

The  statistics  of  the  Bible  Society  show 
that  in  1917  it  circulated  in  Brazil  a  total 
of  58,666  Bibles,  Testaments,  or  portions. 
A  notable  event  in  Bible  work  in  Brazil  is 
the  publication,  during  the  year,  of  an 
Introduction  to  the  Bible  by  Doctor  Rod- 
riguez, already  mentioned  as  the  editor  of 
O  Jornal  do  Comercio.  This  is  the  first 
work  of  the  kind  to  be  published  in  the 
Portuguese  language. 


CENTRAL  AMERICA 


Cooperation 

Through  the  application  of  the  princi- 
ple of  cooperation,  the  six  Central  Amer- 
ican republics  are  now  occupied  by  strong 
missionary  Boards  which  should  carry  out 
an  aggressive  program.  It  is  planned  to 
map  out  an  educational  policy,  and  to 
standardize   and  affiliate  the   schools,  thus 


paving  the  way,  it  may  be,  for  the  Inter- 
national Union  College  which  should  be 
established    at    Panama. 

The  Baptists,  in  undertaking  their  re- 
sponsibilities in  three  states  of  Central 
America,  have  pointed  out  the  following 
as  essential  elements  in  the  presentation 
of  the  Gospel: 

"1.    That  the  missionary  message  be  one 


of  life,  positive,  warm,  loving,  compelling, 
transforming.  2.  That  our  program  in- 
clude immediate  provision  for  training 
native  men  and  women  for  adequate  Chris- 
tian leadership.  And  3.  That  we  have 
proper  and  dignified  places  of  worship  in 
which  the  growing  church  can  be  organ- 
ized, trained  and  developed." 

School    Work    in    Guatemala 

The  Presbyterian  Board  opened  its 
school  in  Guatemala  City  in  1882,  on  the 
direct  request  of  President  Barrios,  who 
sent  his  own  children  and  recommended 
his  officials  to  do  the  same.  This  school 
work  has,  in  consequence  of  this  official 
recognition,  been  particularly  successful, 
but    has    recently    had    the    misfortune    to 


have    its    buildings    wrecked    by   the   great 
earthquake    of   December,    1917. 

The   Earthquake 

Among  the  mission  buildings  destroyed 
were  the  large  brick  church,  which  accom- 
modated five  hundred  people,  the  residences 
of  the  missionaries,  the  girls'  boarding 
school,  the  hospital  and  nurses'  training 
school,  and  the  new  printing  plant.  The 
missionaries,  however,  are  not  discouraged 
and  are  already  rebuilding  and  planning 
for  a  larger  and  more  efficient  work. 
There  is  good  reason  to  believe  that  the 
earthquake  will  prove  to  have  been  a  bless- 
ing in  disguise  and  that  from  the  ruins  of 
the  old  buildings  there  will  arise  a  new 
and  greater  work  for  the  people  of  Guate- 
mala. 


CHILE 


Book   Depositories 

The  Presbyterians  and  Methodists  have 
combined  their  book  depositories  in  Chile, 
with  the  expectation  that  other  bodies  will 
join  with  them  in  this  union  effort. 

Education 

A  Union  Normal  School,  a  school  for 
the  training  of  Christian  workers,  and  a 
Junior  College  based  on  the  two  well- 
developed  secondary  schools  in  Santiago, 
are  among  other  cooperative  plans  of  the 
future.  The  Union  Bible  Seminary  has 
been  in  operation  for  five  years,  with 
marked   success. 

Self-Support 

The  question  of  self-support  has  been 
of  unusual  interest  in  the  work  of  the 
Evangelical  Alliance  in  Chile.  The  Alli- 
ance Weekly  states  that  when  the  Board 
decided  to  raise  the  missionaries'  allow- 
ances twenty  per  cent,  to  meet  the  in- 
creased cost  of  living,  the  question  of  a 
similar  increase  for  these  Chilean  workers 
had  to  be  faced,  as  they  needed  it  no  less. 
But  the  Board  felt  it  must  hold  firmly  to 
the  policy  of  laying  this  added  burden  upon 
the   growing   native    churches   in   the   case 


of  their  own  pastors.  This  imposed  for 
the  time  a  real  test  upon  both  workers  and 
churches,  but  they  finally  faced  the  matter 
bravely,  and  with  results  so  gratifying  that 
thirty  per  cent,  was  added  to  the  pastors' 
salaries  without  any  extra  burden  to  Mis- 
sion funds,  all  concerned  got  a  new  bless- 
ing, and  a  big  stride  was  made  toward  self- 
support  which  should  be  a  stimulating  ex- 
ample to  other  fields.  The  native  offerings 
actually  increased  from  $1,677.70  to  $2,- 
850.54,  a  gain  of  seventy  per  cent.,  and  an 
average  of  over  three  dollars  per  mem- 
ber. Baptisims  during  the  year  were  one 
hundred  and  thirty-three,  bringing  the 
membership  up  to  nine  hundred  and  thirty, 
with  three  hundred  and  fifty-three  hopeful 
enquirers  in  addition.  There  are  nineteen 
Sunday  Schools  with  nine  hundred  and 
sixty-six  scholars.  This  Mission  now  oc- 
cupies fifteen  main  stations  and  sixty-seven 
outstat'ions,  a  net  gain  of  fourteen  points 
in  a  year. 

Other  missions  at  work  in  Chile  are  the 
Southern  Baptists,  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal, and  the  Northern  Presbyterians.  The 
two  last  named  carry  on  an  extensive  edu- 
cational program,  in  addition  to  evangel- 
istic work  that  covers  practically  all  the 
country. 


COLOMBIA 


Opposition 


This  is  one  of  the  most  difficult  fields 
in  Latin  America,  due,  in  large  part,  to  the 
influx  of  priests  who  are  fleeing  from  Mex- 


ico and  other  countries.  The  Presbyterian 
Church  in  Antioquia  was  recently  dyna- 
mited, and  the  missionaries  were  stoned  in 
the  suburbs  of  Bogota.  Yet  progress  is 
being  made.     In  past  years  the  agents  of 


the  American  Bible  Society  have  been  able 
to  do  almost  nothing  either  in  the  city  of 
Medellin  or  in  the  valley,  where  there  are 
a  number  of  towns.  But  lately,  the  So- 
ciety's representative  sold  several  large 
boxes  of  Bibles  and  New  Testaments.  The 
Archbishop  of  Medellin  sent  out  a  pas- 
toral letter  denouncing  the  Bibles  and 
books  in  general,  and  was  answered  by 
one  of  the  local  newspapers  and  denounced 
in  turn,  as  being  un-Christian  and  intol- 
erant. The  Society's  Agents  are  also  active 
in    other    important    centers. 


A    Presbyterian    Field 

This  republic  is  a  special  field  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  (North),  and  has 
been  occupied  for  over  sixty  years.  The 
enormous  distances  and  the  lack  of  rapid 
means  of  communication  make  the  work 
even  more  difficult  of  organization,  and 
progress  has  been  slow.  There  are  twelve 
Evangelical  Schools  in  the  republic,  or  one 
to  every  500,000  of  the  population,  and 
there  are  but  eight  ordained  missionaries 
to  the  population  of  6,000,000. 


CUBA 


Interdenominational  Secretary 

Three  notable  steps  have  characterized 
the  movement  toward  cooperation  in  Chris- 
tian work  in  Cuba  during  the  past  year. 
First,  the  appointment  of  a  Secretary  to 
give  his  whole  time  to  interdenominational 
work  in  the  island.  The  Friends'  Board 
kindly  allocated  the  Rev.  Sylvester  Jones 
for  this  work,  and  the  results  have  been 
remarkable. 

Union    Depository 

Second,  the  opening  of  a  union  deposi- 
tory for  literature  in  Havana.  While  lack 
of  funds  has  not  permitted  this  depository 
to  occupy  a  good  store-room  in  the  main 
part  of  the  city  where  books  could  be 
shown     to     the     general     public     as     was 


planned,  the  stock  has  been  assembled  and 
probably  this  year  a  central  display-room 
can  be  opened. 

Adjustment  of  Territory 

Third,  the  readjustment  of  territory. 
The  Disciples  of  Christ  have  agreed  to  turn 
over  their  work  to  the  Northern  Presby- 
terian Board,  retiring  from  the  Island.  The 
Southern  Presbyterians  are  considering  do- 
ing the  same.  This  will  greatly  simplify 
the  problem  of  overlapping  in  Cuba.  In 
fact,  by  the  Northern  Presbyterians'  tak- 
ing over  these  two  missions  and  with- 
drawing from  some  of  the  outposts  which 
they  now  occupy  in  common  with  two  or 
three  other  churches,  the  zone  system  will 
become  practically  effective  all  over  the 
island,  as  it  is  now  in  Porto  Rico. 


MEXICO 


Her  Need 

In  a  recent  address  in  Boston, 'a  Latin 
American  business  man  expressed  the  fol- 
lowing conviction  concerning  the  needs  of 
Mexico.    He  said : 

"The  day  on  which  you  gentlemen  of 
the  United  States  will  send  into  Mexico 
the  Bible  and  missionaries,  instead  of  sol- 
diers; when  you  will  send  school-teachers 
instead  of  armies,  and  transports  filled 
with  foodstuffs  instead  of  rifles,  that  day 
you  will  do  a  great  service  to  humanity, 
to    Mexico,    and   to   yourselves." 

Perhaps  no  better  idea  can  be  gained 
as  to  what  the  great  upheaval  in  Mexico 
means,  so  far  as  religion  is  concerned, 
than  that  conveyed  in  words  attributed  to 
President  Carranza  in  a  recent  speech. 
He  is  reported  to  have  said: 


Government  and  Religion 

"Gentlemen  and  fellow  citizens :  The 
constitutionalists  have  been  accused  of  be- 
ing opposed  to  religion.  We  have  been 
held  up  to  scorn  in  the  foreign  press  be- 
cause of  alleged  abuses  committed  against 
the  church  and  clergy.  It  has  been  said 
that  we  have  viciously  driven  the  priests 
out  of  the  country,  confiscated  their  prop- 
erty, violated  nuns,  destroyed  holy  edifices 
and  issued  drastic  decrees  forbidding  the 
return  of  exiled  priests  arid  prelates. 

"It  seems  to  me  that  the  time  has  come 
for  us  to  define  our  attitude.  These  ac- 
cusations are  false.  We  are  not  opposed 
to  religion.  Sad  indeed  would  be  the  fate 
of  any  country  without  religion.  We  are 
no  less  Catholic  now  than  we  were  be- 
fore the  revolution.     But  let  it  be  known 


and  understood  by  all  that  what  we  are 
opposed  to  and  what  we  will  tight  against 
and  even  shed  our  blood,  if  necessary,  to 
prevent,  is  that  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church  should  return  to  Mexico  as  a 
Political  Power." 

Missionary  Progress 

It  is  cheering  to  know  that  in  spite  of 
the  revolution,  the  missionary  work  of  the 
various  Protestant  groups  has  gone  stead- 
ily forward.  A  few  of  the  churches,  es- 
pecially those  in  out-of-the-way  places, 
have  suffered  material  damage,  but  it  is 
estimated  that  $3,000  will  cover  all  of  the 
actual  losses  due  to  the  revolution.  In  a 
few  instances  congregations  have  been 
scattered,  due  to  political  conditions  which 
have  prevailed  in  some  parts  of  the  coun- 
try. Fortunately,  the  churches  in  the 
larger  centers,  like  Mexico  City,  Guadala- 
jara, Puebla,  Monterey,  Aguascalientes, 
San  Luis  Potosi,  Tampico,  Vera  Cruz  and 
Merida  have  had  earnest  native  pastors 
who  have  steadily  and  skilfully  guided 
their  respective  churches  through  the  re- 
peated crises  when  the  revolution  was 
sweeping  all  before  it.  The  conviction  is 
general  among  the  people  that  Mexico  is 
now  ready  for  a  great  forward  movement. 


Never  in  all  the  history  of  Protestant 
work  in  that  country  have  such  crowds 
attended  the  preaching  services.  Last 
year  a  great  revival  in  Mexico  City  re- 
sulted in  the  professed  conversion  of 
nearly   1,000. 

Cooperation 

In  spite  of  the  revolution,  cooperation 
has  gone  forward  recently  by  leaps  and 
bounds. 

The  missionary  map  of  Mexico  has  been 
practically  remade  since  1914.  By  accept 
ing  distinctive  fields,  overlapping  and  du- 
plication have  been  eliminated  and  great 
stretches  of  territory  hitherto  deprived  of 
evangelical   workers  will  now  be  occupied 

The  Evangelical  Seminary  opened  its 
doors  in  Mexico  City  two  years  ago,  be- 
ing supported,  by  eight  different  Boards. 
Three  professors  give  their  whole  time  to 
the  work.  A  commodious,  well-located 
building  has  been  secured  with  capacity 
for  twenty-five  students  in  the  dormitories, 
which  are  already  filled.  It  is  hoped  that 
the  Seminary  is  the  first  stone  in  building 
an  Evangelical  University  in  Mexico. 

A  plan  has  been  approved  by  several 
Boards  for  a  Union  printing  plant,  book 
depository,  and  weekly  paper.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  this  will  soon  be  in  operation. 


PARAGUAY 


Cooperation 


One  of  the  most  notable  agreements  in 
the  way  of  cooperative  action  in  South 
America  is  the  withdrawal  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church  from  a  territory 
and  two  of  the  most  important  provinces 
of    Argentina    and    from   the    Republic    of 


Paraguay,  in  order  that  the  Church  of 
the  Disciples  of  Christ  may  enter  that 
field  and  work  out  its  policies  with  entire 
liberty  of  action.  Some  of  the  workers- 
of  this  last  named  church  are  already  on 
the  field  and  plans  are  being  made  to  in 
stall  a  high-grade  educational  institution  in 
the  Capital,  La  Asuncion. 


PERU 


Cooperation 

In  Peru,  also,  the  Methodist  Episcopal, 
the  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  and  the 
Evangelical  Union  of  South  America  have 
come  to  an  agreement  as  to  territorial  re- 
sponsibility, and  each  of  these  bodies  is 
now  planning  to  develop  its  particular  field 
in  that  very  needy  and  most  attractive  re- 
public. 


Education 


In  Lima,  the  Capital,  these  three  organ- 
izations unite  in  the  work  of  a  Bible  Sem- 
inary, similar  to  the  institution  carried  on 
in  Santiago  de  Chile,  by  the  Presbyterian 
and  Methodist  Episcopal  missions,  and  a 
third  in  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina,  by  the 
Disciples  of  Christ  and  the  Methodists,  and 
the  attendance  has  been  highly  satisfactory. 


URUGUAY 


Cooperation 


The    most   pretentious    cooperative   work 
now    planned    for    South    America    is    the 


"Faculty  of  Evangelical  Theology  and 
School  of  Social  Sciences"  which  is  to  be 
established  in  Montevideo.  The  Presby- 
terians   (North),   the   Methodist   Episcopal 


23 


Church  and  the  Church  of  the  Disciples 
of  Christ  have  already  agreed  to  cooperate 
in    this    work.       bach    of    these    bodies    will 

furnish  a  professor  and  will  share  equally 
it)  the  general  expenses  of  the  institution. 
A  President  is  to  he  chosen,  in  addition 
to  the  three  professors,  and  it  is  possible 
that  other  Mission  Boards  may  cooperate 
by  the  appointment  of  additional  profes- 
sors. It  is  planned  to  open  classes  in 
March,  to.v.  This  institution  will  till  a 
great  need  in  the  preparation  of  high- 
grade  candidates  for  the  Evangelical  min- 


istry  ami   is    to    he   not   only   interdenomi- 
national hut  also  international  in  its  scope. 

Religious  Teachers 

A  bill  has  been  presented  to  the  Uru- 
guayan Congress,  signed  by  the  President 
and  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction, 
which  provides  for  the  exclusion  of  all 
ministers  of  religion  from  teaching  in  pri- 
vate primary  schools.  This  bill  is  openly 
directed  against  the  teaching  orders  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  but  excepts  no 
other    religious    organization. 


VENEZUELA 


Few  Missionaries 

The  population  of  Venezuela  is  about 
three  million.  Four  ordained  missionaries 
ate  trying  to  bring  the  Gospel  to  this  great 
land,  and",  to  assist  in  the  education  of  the 
people,  are  carrying  on  two  small  primary 
schools  whose  total  enrolment  is  but 
eighty-eight. 

Venezuela  is  one  of  the  Latin  American 
republics  that  lie  nearest  our  own  frontiers, 
but.  to  our  shame  be  it  said,  has  received 
less  stimulus  from  our  own  Christian  civi- 
li  cation. 


Inadequate  Schools 

How  meager  is  our  contribution  may  be 
judged  if  we  remember  that  eighty-five 
per  cent,  of  the  population,  or  two  and  a 
quarter  million,  are  analphabets.  In  the 
whole  history  of  this  republic  there  has 
been  but  one  building  erected  for  school 
purposes,  either  by  Church  or  State,  and 
that  was  a  military  academy.  Statistics 
show  that  for  every  1,000  inhabitants,  but 
sixteen   are  in  a   school   of   any  kind. 


-4 


ASIA 


ARABIA  AND  MESOPOTAMIA 

Rev    William   I.  Chamberlain,  Ph.  D. 


Its    Significance 

The  significance  of  Arabia  and  Mesopo- 
tamia from  the  missionary  point  of  view 
lies  in  the  fact  that  the  former  is  asso- 
ciated with  the  beginnings  of  Mohamme- 
danism, with  its  sacred  cities  of  Mecca  and 
Medina,  while  the  latter,  including  the 
valleys  of  the  Tigris  and  the  Euphrates,  is 
so  largely  associated  with  Old  Testament 
history. 

Missionary   Occupation 

So  far  as  aggressive  missionary  work 
is  concerned.  Arabia  has  largely  been  a 
neglected  country.  The  United  Free 
Church  of  Scotland  has  for  nearly  four 
decades  maintained  a  Mission  at  the 
Southernmost  point  of  Arabia,  at  Aden, 
which  has  been  largely  carried  on  through 
the  agency  of  medical  work.  In  Mesopo- 
tamia, at  Bagdad,  the  Church  Missionary 
Society  has  maintained  evangelistic  and 
medical  work  for  many  years.  With  these 
exceptions,  no  extended  missionary  work 
was  carried  on  in  these  countries  until  the 
undertaking,  in  1S89.  of  the  establishment 
of  a  Mission  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  more 
particularly  in  the  cities  of  Arabia  on  the 
Western  Coast  of  the  Gulf.  In  that  year, 
the  Arabian  Mission  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America  was  organized  and 
Rev.  Tames  Cantine  sailed  as  its  first 
missionary  to  establish  stations  in  Eastern 
Arabia.  He  was  followed  in  the  suc- 
ceeding year  by  Rev.  Samuel  M.  Zwemer. 
Together  these  two  pioneer  missionaries 
established  stations  at  Basrah  in  the 
North,  on  the  Island  of  Bahrein  off  the 
Eastern  Coast  of  Arabia,  and  at  Maskat  in 
the  Gulf  of  Oman.  Later  a  station  was 
established  a  few  hundred  miles  South  of 
Basrah  at  Kuweit.  This  Mission  has  now 
become  thoroughly  established  in  these 
several  stations,  maintaining  a  number  of 
out-stations,    one    at   Linga,    in    Persia,   on 


the  Eastern  Coast  of  the  Gulf.  This  Mis- 
sion now  maintains  about  thirty-five  mis- 
sionaries in  its  several  stations,  associated 
with  whom  there  are  about  as  many  evan- 
gelists, teachers  and  Bible  women. 

Methods   of  Work 

Schools  are  established  in  the  stations, 
but  with  the  exception  of  that  at  Basrah, 
they  have  not  been  largely  attended.  Im- 
portant medical  work  is  carried  on  in  each 
one  of  these  stations,  in  all  ot  which,  ex- 
cept Maskat,  there  are  hospitals  as  well  as 
dispensaries.  Bible  shops  are  the  main 
dependence  for  evangelistic  work.  In 
these  shops,  in  the  center  of  the  town,  a 
supply  of  Scriptures  and  other  Christian 
literature  is  kept.  These  give  occasion  for 
discussion  with  Arab  visitors  through 
which  means  a  Christian  propaganda  is 
maintained.  Arabic  Scriptures  have  had  a 
total  circulation  of  1.200.000  copies  during 
the  last  twenty  years.  The  hospitals  have 
been  a  very  important  element  in  the  mis- 
sionary work  in  Arabia.  Prejudice  has 
been  broken  down  and  the  friendly  atti- 
tude of  important  Arab  tradesmen  and 
chiefs  has  been  thus  secured.  The  pa- 
tients treated  in  one  year  approximate 
40,000. 

Effect   of  the   War 

The  war  has  very  greatly  affected  con- 
ditions in  both  parts  of  this  mission  field. 
The  advance  of  the  British  Expeditionary 
Forces  up  the  Valley  of  the  Tigris  and 
the  Euphrates,  and  the  occupation  of  Bag- 
dad, have  opened  the  entire  country  of 
Mesopotamia  to  occupancy  by  missionary 
agencies,  which,  under  Turkish  rule,  was 
only  possible  to  a  very  limited  degree. 
The  Arabian  Mission  expects,  as  soon  as 
the  country  is  settled,  to  open  new  sta- 
tions in  the  territory  thus  laid  bare  to 
Giristian   evangelism.      Similarly,   the   con- 


ditions  of  war  have  brought  about  friendly 
relations  between  the  Arab  Chiefs  of  the 
Interior  and  Western  Arabia  with  the  po- 
litical representatives  of  the  British  Gov- 
ernment and  the  missionaries.  The  offi- 
cial recognition  by  England,  France  and 
Italy  of  the  proclamation  of  the  .Grand 
Sherif  of  Mecca  as  King  of  the  Hedjaz  is 
a  far-reaching  step,  and  invests  a  remark- 
able figure  with  singular  interest. 

Hedjaz 

This  province  of  Western  Arabia  to 
which  the  name  of  Hedjaz  has  been  given 
extends  along  the  Arab  sea  coast  from 
the  Gulf  of  Akaba  to  the  south  of  Taif. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Syria,  on 
the  east  by  Nafud  Desert  and  by  Xejd, 
and  on  the  south  by  Asir.  In  length  it  is 
about  seven  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  and 
its  greatest  breadth  is  about  two  hundred 
miles.  Barren  and  uninviting  mostly  in 
its  northern  part,  yet  with  many  very 
fertile  and  well-cultivated  portions  in  the 
southern*  part,  sustaining  a  brave  and 
hardy,  and  fearless  population,  the  chief 
claim  of  Hedjaz  to  fame  is  that  it  con- 
tains the  Holy  Cities  of  Mecca  and  Me- 
dina, to  which  Moslem  Pilgrims  come 
yearly  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  The 
independence  from  Turkey  of  this  section 
of  Arabia  has  a  very  important  bearing  in 
the  British  Campaign  in  Mesopotamia,  and 
in  the  future  undoubtedly  will  affect  mis- 
sionary   work    in    Arabia.       Through    the 


friendship  of  King  Hussein,  of  Hedjaz, 
with  the  great  Chief  of  the  Interior  of 
Arabia  in  his  Capital  at  Riadh,  and  the 
recent  invitation  of  this  Chief  to  one  of 
the  missionaries  of  the  Arabian  Gulf  to 
visit  him,  an  entrance  has  at  last  been 
secured   to    Interior   Arabia. 

Helpful   Influences 

Since  the  entrance  of  the  British  into 
Mesopotamia,  they  have  evinced  a  spirit 
of  sympathy  toward  the  activities  of 
Christian  missions  which  has  taken  sub- 
stantial form,  particularly  in  the"  encour- 
agement of  missionary,  industrial  and 
agricultural  education.  It  is  expected  that 
with  the  restoration  of  peace,  sixteen  mil- 
lion acres  of  Mesopotamia-  will  be  irri- 
gated. The  population  for  this  country, 
thus  laid  open  to  cultivation,  will  be 
drawn  from  the  Bedouins  of  the  Interior 
who  will  be  made  amenable  to  law  and 
order.  The  Trans-Continental  Railway 
will  also  soon  be  completed  connecting  the 
Persian  Gulf  with  Europe,  and  placing 
Mesopotamia  on  the  highway  to   India. 

Thus  in  spite  of  wars  and '  rumors  of 
wars,  of  multiplied  temptations  and  in- 
creased difficulties,  God  has  seen  fit  to 
show  His  power  in  Arabia  as  never  before 
in  the  Mission's  history.  The  prayers  of 
many  years  are  being  answered  in  the 
opening,  of  the  Inland  country  to  the  Gos- 
pel, and  a  new  day  is  opening  for  both 
Arabia   and   Mesopotamia. 


CHINA 

Rev.   Lewis  Hodous,   M.  A. 


Political    Situation 

The  outstanding  feature  of  the  political 
situation  was  civil  war  between  the  North 
and  South.  At  Peking  the  conservative 
republican  government  was  functioning 
while  at  Canton  the  old  Parliament  was 
claiming  to  be  the  only  genuine  authority. 
Armies  were  marching  and  counter-march- 
ing across  Szechuan.  Hunan  and  Fukien, 
pillaging  the  people  while  bandits  were 
robbing  the  countryside.  In  the  province 
of  Shantung  alone  it  is  estimated  that  30,- 
000  armed  organized  bandits  were  terror- 
izing the  people.  While  the  war  is  osten- 
sibly carried  on  between  the  conservative 
North  and  the  radical  republicans  of  the 
South,  it  is  really  between  the  selfish  mili- 
tary governors  who  do  not  represent  the 
people    but    who    hope    to    increase    their 


power  and  prestige  and  add  to  their  pri- 
vate possessions. 

Opium   Trade   Revival 

This  military  government  and  the  un- 
settled condition  of  the  country  favored 
the  revival  of  the  opium  trade  and  the 
planting  of  the  poppy.  The  opium  traffic 
was  stopped  in  March,  1917,  with  consid- 
erable stocks  of  opium  left  in  the  hands  of 
the  Opium  Combine.  The  government 
planned  to  sell  this  through  a  syndicate 
with  a  view  to  acquiring  money  to  carry 
on  war  and  benefit  certain  men  connected 
with  the  government.  Thus  far  the  pro- 
tests of  the  United  States,  the  Chinese 
Merchant  Guilds  and  Christian  Churches 
have  led  to  the  modification  and  postpone- 
ment  of   these   plans. 


26 


Loans 

The  crop  of  poppy  was  exceeded  only 
by  the  crop  of  loans  to  carry  on  the  war 
It  is  difficult  to  learn  how  many  loans  were 
contracted  from  Japan.  One  estimate 
places  the  figure  at  228,430,000  Yen  (about 
$114,000,000)  between  the  year  1014  and 
iQicS.  In  each  case  valuable  natural  re- 
sources were  pledged  and  the  money  used 
without   supervision. 

China    and   the    War 

China  declared  war  against  Germany 
and  Austria- Hungary  because  she  had  con- 
fidence in  the  United  States.  She  was  to 
supply  labor  and  materials.  The  question 
oi  military  assistance  was  left  in  abeyance. 
I  he  civil  war,  the  pervasive  German  prop- 
aganda and  intrigue,  the  deep  ignorance 
of  the  n  oral  issues  of  the  war  on  the  part 
of  the  n  ass  of  the  Chinese  have  made  her 
conduct  somewhat  unsatisfactory.  Still 
the  Chinese  did  their  bit.  They  supplied 
about   200.000  coolies   for  work  behind  the 

estern  front.  They  subscribed  to  the 
J.il  erty  I  oans  and  made  contributions  to 
the  Red  Cross  and  War  Work.  In  the 
last  War  Work  Drive  $1,200,000  (Alex.) 
(about   $1,000,000)    came    from    China. 

Floods 

Disastrous  floods  of  the  previous  year 
in  the  Province  of  Chihli  affected  3,000,- 
coo  people.  The  American  Red  Cross  con- 
tributed $200,000  for  flood  relief.  This, 
with  the  contributions  raised  in  China, 
was  used  to  build  dykes  and  roads.  The 
road  between  Peking  and  Tungchow  will 
be  a  monument  to  the  earnest  workers. 
American  engineers  have  begun  surveys 
on  the  southern  section  of  the  Grand 
Canal  which  will  improve  the  usefulness 
of  this  waterway  and  decrease  the  danger 
from  floods  ;n  that  district.  An  American 
company  will  carry  out  the  plans  of  con 
servation. 

Trade 

In  spite  of  the  bandits  and  revolution, 
the  trade  of  China  has  increased.  Be- 
tween 1917  and  1918  the  exports  of  Amer- 
ica to  China  have  risen  from  thirty-seven 
to  forty-three  million  gold  dollars  and  im- 
ports from  one  hundred  five  to  one  hun- 
dred sixteen  millions.  There  are  now  two 
hundred  sixteen  American  firms  out  of 
about  seven  thousand  doing  business  in 
China, 


Railways 

The  section  of  the  Canton-Hankow 
Railwaj  between  Wuchang  and  Changsha 
was  opened  to  traffic.  This  will  do  more 
to  weld  the  North  and  South  than  the  vic- 
tory   oi    either    side. 

Pneumonic    Plague 

In  the  early  part  of  the  year  the  pneu- 
monic plague  broke  out  in  Mongolia  and 
entered  China  by  way  of  Shansi.  There 
were  a  few  cases  as  far  south  as  Nanking. 
1  he  energetic  act, on  of  western-trained 
Chinese  physicians  and  their  missionary 
colleagues  saved  China  and  the  wond 
from    this    dreadful    scourge. 

Election    of    President 

Cn  September  4th  Hsu  Shih  Chang  was 
elected  President  by  a  large  majonty  of 
the  newly-elected  parliament  at  Peking. 
He  was  inaugurated  on  October  iota. 
While  President  Hsu  belongs  to  the  con- 
servative party  he  is  a  peace  man.  He  has 
outlined  a  policy  which  includes  the  union 
of  China,  establishment  of  constitutional 
law,  relieving  the  present  financial  chaos, 
relating  the  central  government  to  the 
provinces,  and  promoting  commerce  and 
industry.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  legal 
question  arising  out  of  his  election  by  .1 
parliament  which  does  not  represent  the 
whole  country  may  be  satisfactorily  set 
tied.  The  election  of  the  Vice-President 
has  thus  far  been  postponed,  probably  with 
a  view  of  electing  a  southerner  to  the  post 
and  thus  bringing  about  union  between  the 
two   sections. 

There  are  signs  of  peace  in  China.  Per- 
haps the  greatest  stimulus  to  peace  is  the 
approaching  peace  conference  at  which 
China  desires  to  have  a  representative  who 
will  stand  for  a  united  country.  The  Allies 
and  the  United  States  are  turning  their 
attention  to  CI  ina  more  earnestly  because 
of  t!  e  danger  of  Bolshevism  and  German 
':■' '  :    ue   thn  11   h    Siberia. 

Missions  and  the   War 

The  missionaries  have  made  their  con- 
tr'bnt'on  to  the  world  war.  Long  before 
the  draft  in  Fng1arid  all  the  sons  of  Brit- 
ish and  Canadirn  missionaries  of  military 
ase  m  China  were  in  some  form  of  serv- 
ice. The  recruiting  of  the  labor  battalions 
was  mad.  possible  through  the  confidence 
of  the  natives  in  the  missionary..  The  mis- 
sionaries went  w'th  the  Chinese  as  over- 
seers.     The    physicians    and    nurses    went 


27 


next,  and  then  many  missionaries  went  as 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  work- 
ers to  France  and  to  Siberia  for  the 
Czecho-Slovaks.  There  has  been  virtually 
no  increase  in  the  medical  staff  of  the  hos- 
pitals  for  the  past   few  years. 

War    and    Prices 

Prices  have  gone  up  rapidly  in  China 
and  silver  has  reached  phenomenal  heights. 
The  purchasing  power  of  the  American 
dollar  is  only  forty  per  cent,  of  what  it 
was  in  1914.  This  has  increased  the  ex- 
penses of  the  Missionary  Societies  and 
brought  hardships  to  missionaries  and  na- 
tive workers.  Many  plans  for  building 
were  held  up  and  some  schools  were  closed 
because  of  the  high  price  of  silver. 

The  China  Continuation  Committee 

This  Committee  was  organized  as  a  re- 
sult of  the  Edinburgh  Continuation  Com- 
mittee's Conferences  in  China,  held  by  Dr. 
Mott  in  1913.  It  consists  of  sixty-five  per- 
sons, at  least  one-third  of  whom  are  Chi- 
nese. It  is  the  most  representative  com- 
mittee in  China,  having  men  from  different 
nations,  ecclesiastical  families,  and  depart- 
ments of  mission  work.  Heretofore  the 
committee  has  been  studying  missionary 
problems  and  recording  its  opinions  for 
the  benefit  of  the  missions  and  mission 
boards.  The  pressure  of  Chinese  leaders 
and  the  missions  is  compelling  it  not  only 
to  record  its  findings  but  to  give  concrete 
expression  to  them.  This  will  necessitate 
some  reorganization. 

Its  Work 

The  Committee  through  its  statistical 
secretary  has  been  collecting  statistics,  in- 
terpreting and  putting  them  into  available 
form.  The  Evangelistic  Secretary  has  re- 
lated evangelistic  efforts  all  over  China 
and  has  given  a  new  impetus  to  all  evan- 
gelistic work. 

The  Committee  has  been  carrying  on 
valuable  studies  in  the  attitude  of  the 
Church  toward  ancestor  worship,  polyga- 
my, family  worship,  mission  organization, 
theological  education,  administration  of 
higher  institutions,  and  many  other  ques- 
tions. 

The  gift  of  $150,000  by  friends  of  the 
Presbyterian  Board  toward  a  missions 
building  in  Shanghai,  to  house  all  union 
interests  serving  the  Church  of  China,  will 
enlarge  the  usefulness  of  all  union 
agencies. 


The  Committee  is  undertaking  a  survey 
of  mission  work  and  the  conditions  influ- 
encing it.  This  will  not  merely  record  the 
static  condition  of  the  work  but  will  en- 
able the  missionary  societies  to  so  apply 
their  men  and  money  as  to  obtain  the  larg- 
est results. 

Literature 

The  China  Continuation  Committee  has 
studied  the  literature  produced  by  mis- 
sionaries and  has  made  a  catalogue  and  is 
now  evaluating  that  literature.  A  Chris- 
tian Literature  Council  has  been  formed 
which  is  planning  for  a  literature  that  will 
meet  the  needs  of  the  different  classes  of 
people. 

Visit  of  Dr.  Zwemer 

The  visit  of  Dr.  Zwemer  has  stimulated 
the  interest  in  the  Moslems  of  China,  of 
whom  there  are  eight  to  twelve  millions. 
A  committee  appointed  by  the  China  Con- 
tinuation Committee  is  now  producing  lit- 
erature for  the   Moslems  in   China. 

Language    Schools 

The  last  few  years  have  been  marked  by 
the  increased  facilities  given  to  new  mis- 
sionaries in  learning  the  language  and  be- 
coming related  to  their  work.  There  are 
now  seven  language  schools  and  several 
language  classes  with  about  two  hundred 
missionaries  enrolled  as  students.  The  new 
methods  employed  have  enabled  the  new 
'  missionary  to  acquire  the  language  more 
accurately  in  about  half  the  time  usually 
spent.  The  visit  of  Dr.  Frank  K.  Sanders 
has  stimulated  the  interest  of  the  mission- 
aries in  these  schools  and  also  in  the  bet- 
ter preparation  of  the  missionary  for  his 
task. 

Education 

Christian  education  has  been  growing  in 
power.  There  is  now  a  strong  China 
Christian  Education  Association  with  two 
foreign  secretaries  and  a  good  periodical. 
Affiliated  with  it  are  nine  district  asso- 
ciations which  cover  the  whole  of  China. 
These  associations  have  promoted  uniform 
curricula,  uniform  examinations  and 
proper  supervision  of  primary  schools. 
They  have  done  much  to  adapt  western 
education  to  the  Chinese.  In  1916,  there 
were  in  Christian  schools  in  China,  181,166 
pupils  of  all  grades  and  the  Chinese  con- 
tributed $1,032,917  (Mex.)  (about  $600,- 
000)  toward  Christian  education.  The 
growth  of  union  has  been  very  marked. 
Most    of    the    universities,    eighteen    theo- 


logical  schools  and  some  colleges  and  high 
schools  are  union  institutions.  About  fifty 
per  cent,  of  the  theological  students  are 
studying   in   union,  schools. 

Church  and  Illiteracy 
The  large  illiteracy  of  the  church  mem- 
bers has  been  a  matter  of  deep  concern  to 
church  leaders.  Although  the  literacy  of 
the  church  members  is  higher  than  that 
of  the  same  class  of  people  outside  of  the 
church,  it  has  been  estimated  that  as  high 
as  fifty  to  seventy  per  cent,  of  the  church 
members  in  certain  sections  cannot  read. 
Romanized  systems  were  developed  in  dif- 
ferent areas,  but  they  have  not  been  taken 
up  enthusiastically  by  the  Chinese  nor  by 
the  missionaries.  The  Chinese  govern- 
ment has  now  devised  a  system  of  phonetic 
writing.  This  is  written  the  same  way  as 
the  old  characters,  but  is  much  simpler. 
The  ordinary  farmer  or  laborer  can  learn 
it  in  a  month.  A  student  can  pick  it  up 
in  a  few  hours.  The  government  schools 
are  teaching  it  and  the  missionaries  in  the 
Mandarin  speaking  areas  have  taken  it  up. 
A  Christian  literature  including  Scripture 
portions  is  being  produced  in  it.  This 
puts  a  new  weapon  into  the  hands  of  the 
Christian.  What  better  can  he  do  than 
teach  his  non-Christian  neighbor  to  read? 
It  gives  the  Christian  leaders  direct  access 
to  millions  of  people  whom  heretofore 
they  were  unable  to  reach  by  the  simplest 
literature. 

Evangelism 

The  nation-wide  week  of  Evangelism 
has  been  observed  for  the  second  time 
more  generally  in  spite  of  the  disturbed 
state  of  the  country.  This  is  a  week  dur- 
ing the  first  month  of  the  Chinese  New 
Year  when  the  members  of  the  church  are 
mobilized  for  personal  evangelistic  work. 
It  is  estimated  that  about  one-half  the 
churches  of  China  observed  the  week.  The 
Religious  Tract  Society  of  North  and  Cen- 
tral China  sold  255,000  tracts  printed  for 
this  week. 

Eddy-Buchman  Campaign 

The  evangelistic  campaign  conducted  by 
Mr.  Buchman  and  Dr.  Eddy  in  twelve 
large  cities  had  for  its  object  to  lead  pre- 
pared men  to  make  a  decision  for  Chris- 
tianity and  become  active  church  members. 
It  was  a  movement  from  the  churches  to 
win  men  by  friendship  and  personal  work. 
At  Canton  four  hundred  Chinese  Chris- 
tian workers  brought  in  eight  hundred 
prepared    non-Christian    friends.      On    the 


last  evening  twenty-eight  pastors  of  local 
churches  sat  on  the  platform.  As  the 
name  of  each  church  was  called  the  pas- 
tor rose,  then  the  Christians  of  that 
church  rose  and  then  the  new  converts. 
The  sight  of  each  pastor  leading  his  flock 
of  forty  or  fifty  was  most  inspiring.  Such 
scenes  were  repeated  in  each  of  the  twelve 
cities. 

One  of  the  indirect  results  of  this  cam- 
paign was  the  launching  of  two  move- 
ments which  may  have  large  significance 
in  the  church  and  national  life  of  China. 
The  Chinese  Christian  leaders,  such  as 
Dr.  Cheng  of  the  China  Continuation 
Committee,  David  Yui  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  Mr.  Hsu 
Chien,  former  Vice-Minister  of  Justice  in 
Peking  and  Dr.  Mary  Stone  and  Bishop 
Roots,  in  all  numbering  about  one  hun- 
dred thirty,  met  at  Lily  Valley.  After  a 
few  days'  conference,  some  of  them  were 
burdened  with  the  conviction  that  the 
Christians  of  China  have  a  definite  respon- 
sibility in  bringing  home  to  themselves 
and  to  their  nation  their  civic  responsi- 
bilities and  assisting  in  promoting  the 
unity  of  the  Chinese  people.  This  group 
formed  a  committee  which  plans  to  raise 
$20,000  (Mex.)  in  order  to  conduct  a 
press  campaign  for  this  purpose.  The  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  of  the  China  Continua- 
tion Committee  agreed  to  the  request  of 
these  men  to  make  itself  responsible  for 
the   use   of   such    money. 

The  other  outgrowth  of  this  conference 
was  the  organization  of  a  Chinese  Com- 
mittee which  is  proposing  to  send  a  com- 
mission of  men  and  one  of  Chinese  women 
to  make  a  survey  of  conditions  in  south- 
western Hunan,  in  Kweichow,  Yunnan  and 
Kwangsi,  to  bring  spiritual  uplift  to  the 
existing  Christian  communities  in  these 
provinces  and  carry  on  evangelistic  work 
amongst  the  non-Christians.  It  is  hoped 
that  this  will  result  in  the  formation  of  a 
Chinese  interdenominational  home  mis- 
sionary society  through  which  various 
churches  can  share  in  the  work  for  their 
countrymen.  The  society  will  be  so  or- 
ganized that  those  churches  which  desire 
to  carry  on  their  own  home  mission  work 
may  become   affiliated   with   it. 

Church   Union 

The  year  has  witnessed  the  beginnings 
of  far-reaching  church  movements.  The 
Lutheran  missionaries  following  the  pro- 
visional union  of  the  Lutheran  churches 
in     America,     recently     made     permanent, 


29 


formed  the  Lutheran  United  Mission  and 
are  now  making  plans  for  a  Lutheran 
Church  in  China.  With  the  exception  of 
the  German  Lutherans  in  the  south,  a  few 
in  Shantung,  and  the  Danish  Lutherans 
in  Manchuria,  the  Lutherans  are  all  in 
central  China.  They  have  a  membership 
of  30,472. 

The  Presbyterians  formed  a  provisional 
General  Assembly  to  include  all  the  Pres- 
byteries organized  under  five  Synods.  This 
General  Assembly  will  unite  ten  different 
Presbyterian  bodies  with  a  membership  of 
78,779.  The  representatives  of  the  Amer- 
ican Board  and  the  London  Mission  were 
invited  to  this  meeting  with  a  view  toward 
the  organization  of  a  Church  Federation 
to  include  all  churches  ready  to  unite  with 
it.  If  such  a  union  is  consummated  it 
will  have  a  church  membership  of  102,780 
well  distributed  through  China.  This  will 
enable  the  different  churches  to  cooperate 
in  local  and  provincial  matters  as  well  as 
along  national  lines  and  do  away  with  the 
isolation  which  has  arrested  the  develop- 
ment of  the  churches.  Such  a  Federation 
will  discover  and  train  Chinese  leaders 
with  a  national  vision  to  lead  the  Church 
out  of  its  provincialism   into  a  larger  life. 

Chinese   Bishop 

The  consecration  of  the  first  Chinese 
bishop  of  the  Anglican  Church,  Archdea- 
con Tsae  Seng  Sing,  to  be  assistant  to  the 
Bishop  of  Chekiang,  took  place  in  the  new 
Anglican  Church  at  Shanghai.  The  im- 
pressive ceremony  marks  a  new  era  in 
mission  work  in  China.  The  successful 
home  mission  carried  on  by  the  Chinese 
of  the  Anglican  Church  of  China  in  the 
province  of  Shensi  has  increased  the  spirit 
of  service  of  the  laity  and  broadened  their 
vision. 

China   and   Peace 

Peace  will  bring  into  perspective  the 
problems  of  the  Far  East.  Throughout 
the  East  there  has  been  a  resurgence  of 
democracy  and  nationalism.  The  old  sys- 
tems of  religion,  custom  and  tradition  are 
rapidly   crumbling   away   under   the   impact 


of  western  civilization.  It  will  be  discov- 
ered that  China  is  the  key  to  the  situa- 
tion. A  China  dominated  by  militarism 
will  not  only  mean  a  setback  for  democ- 
racy in  Asia,  but  will  be  a  menace  to  the 
world.  A  strong  democratic  China  will 
make  democracy  safe  throughout  the 
world. 

The  diplomat,  the  merchant,  the  mis- 
sionary— all  have  important  functions  to 
perform  in  China.  China  must  have  its 
territorial  integrity  guaranteed  by  the 
Allies.  Democracy  must  be  recognized 
and  militarism  in  all  its  forms  put  down. 
All  should  have  a  share  in  developing 
China  quite  apart  from  any  special  spheres 
of  influence.  With  political  stability  as- 
sured the  economic  development  will  pro- 
ceed rapidly.  While  the  economic  prob- 
lems are  very  immediate  and  pressing,  it 
should  not  be  overlooked  that  the  func- 
tion of  the  missionary  and  the  Church  is 
fundamental.  The  foundations  of  the  an- 
cient culture  of  China  which  have  enabled 
China  to  be  the  great  power  in  the  world 
are  rapidly  crumbling.  There  must  be 
new  foundations.  Some  of  the  old  ma- 
terial will  be  used  but  the  foundation  must 
be  new.  The  religion,  traditions  and  cus- 
toms have  been  suited  to  an  age  already 
past.  The  individual  must  be  re-educated 
not  only  physically  but  religiously  and 
morally.  This  re-education  must  fit  him 
to  do  his  part  in  a  free  society.  It  means 
the  awakening  of  personality  and  control 
of  personality.  The  Church  has  been  the 
training  place  for  the  republic.  It  has 
been  teaching  human  brotherhood,  service, 
patriotism,  civic  pride,  and  has  been  in 
its  small  units  teaching  men  how  to  work 
together  for  altruistip  ends.  The  Church 
at  home  must  have  clear  vision  of  the 
function  of  the  missionary  and  the  Chinese 
Church,  namely,  the  creation  of  a  moral 
personality.  This  can  only  be  done  by  the 
power  of  Jesus  Christ  working  through 
the  essential  Church.  The  task  of  the 
Christian  Church  in  making  China  fit  for 
democracy  and  so  making  the  world  safe 
for  democracy,  is  the  greatest  and  most 
urgent  task  of  the   present   age. 


CHOSEN 

Rev.    Enoch    F.    Bell 


Japanese  Influence  adaptation    to    Japanese    supremacy.      The 

Koreans   still    show   inertia   relative   to  the 

Korea,  or   Chosen,  as  the  Japanese  call       benevolent     assimilation     policy     of     their 

,    is    still    passing   through    its   period    of       rulers,  yet   they  are   giving   evidence  more 

30 


and  more  of  a  readiness  to  cooperate  with 
the  Japanese  Government  in  conforming 
to  the  national  system  in  the  development 
of  a  uniform  system  of  highways,  rail- 
ways, telegraph  lines,  courts,  currency  and 
schools,  and  in  bettering  their  own  living 
conditions  generally.  The  Japanese  on 
their  part  are  showing  a  growing  under- 
standing of  the  Korean  mind  and  are  giv- 
ing a  liberty  undreamed  of  at  first.  Take 
the  rights  of  woman,  for  example.  The 
Korean  woman,  theoretically,  is  as  free 
as  the  Japanese.  We  are  told  that  she  is 
acquiring  new  legal  rights  in  court,  includ- 
ing ownership  of  property  and  permission 
for  divorce.  She  walks  freely  abroad  and 
frequents  shops  and  theaters  at  will ;  she 
seeks  an  education  and  enters  business ; 
she  takes  up  nursing  and  practises  medi- 
cine. To  be  sure,  all  this  is  yet  on  a  very 
small  scale,  but  if  our  reports  are  true, 
the  rights  of  the  Korean  women  are  ac- 
corded  them   by   Japanese   law. 

New  Adjustments 

While  there  is  yet  scarcely  no  inter- 
marriage between  the  Koreans  and  Jap- 
anese, there  is  nevertheless  a  growing 
tendency  in  other  respects  among  the 
Koreans  to  yield  to  the  Japanese  insistence 
that  the  two  races  be  identified.  This  is 
noticed  in  religious  circles.  For  exam- 
ple, there  is  a  movement  of  Koreans  into 
the  Independent  Japanese  Christian 
Church ;  though  this  is  not  yet  of  big 
proportions,  it  is  a  significant  movement 
and  has  governmental  encouragement.  The 
missionaries,  on  their  part,  are  striving  to 
adjust  their  methods  to  Japanese  reforms 


in  an  earnest  purpose  to  cooperate  with 
the  government.  In  every  sound  policy 
involving  the  welfare  of  the  people,  rap- 
prochement has  been  marked  the  past  year. 

Missionary  Progress 

The  regular  missionary  work  in  Korea 
has  gone  on  about  as  usual.  Though  the 
new  Union  Christian  College  at  Seoul  nat- 
urally has  its  problems,  yet  it  has  reason 
to  feel  encouraged.  This  is  true  also  of 
other  educational  work  throughout  the 
field.  The  Bible  and  tract  distribution, 
while  affected  by  war  conditions  some- 
what, was  a  notable  part  of  the  year's 
progress.  Bible  study  and  Bible  '  confer- 
ences were,  as  usual,  conspicuous.  One 
thousand  conferences  at  least  were  held, 
attended  by  hundreds  of  Koreans,  many 
of  whom  walked  a  hundred  miles  to  at- 
tend, and  all  of  whom  met  their  own  ex- 
penses. 

The  Korean  Church 

The  Korean  churches  continue  to  ex- 
press themselves  with  a  fervor  and  a  de- 
votion that  is  the  marvel  of  the  day.  The 
weekly  prayer  meetings  continue  to  be 
wonderfully  large  and  helpful.  For  the 
second  time  in  its  history,  the  Korean 
church  has  launched  forth  into  definite 
Christian  Work  among  the  Chinese,  the 
particular  case  in  mind  being  Laiyeng  in 
eastern  Shantung.  An  Independent  Fed- 
erated Native  Church  of  Korea  has  been 
organized  through  the  union  of  the 
churches  of  Presbyterian  polity  in  the 
•country. 


FRENCH  INDO-CHINA 


Missionary  Occupation 

Though  nearly  a  fourth  larger  than 
France  itself  and  with  a  population  of 
16.090,229,  its  four  protectorates  and  one 
colony  have  at  present  only  three  Protes- 
tant societies,  located  at  Hanoi,  Tourane 
and  Song  Khone  as  resident  stations. 
Even  thus  interpretations  of  the  treaty 
of  1874  prevent  any  except  Roman  Cath- 
olics from  working  freely.  In  the  Colony 
of  Cochin  China,  where  there  is  more 
freedom,  the  Alliance  hopes  soon  to  estab- 
lish a  station  at  Saigon  where  its  work 
is  now  prospering.  In  Hanoi  it  has  se- 
cured good  property  at  last ;  and  its  four 
hundred  Sunday  School  scholars,  its  press 
from   which   a    collection    of    one   hundred 


hymns,  beside  tracts  and  gospels  issue 
forth,  and  an  increasing  number  of  con- 
verts, are  other  proofs  of  progress  dur- 
ing  the   year. 

Bible  Translation  and   Distribution 

Two  of  its  missionaries  have  translated 
portions  of  Scripture  into  Annamese ;  and 
a  Plymouth  Brother,  Mr.  Audetat,  labor- 
ing in  the  central-western  part  of  Indo- 
China  has  almost  completed  translating 
for  the  Laos  the  New  Testament,  which 
they  will  soon  print  on  their  press.  The 
British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society's  col- 
porteurs, while  restricted  as  to  regions 
that  they  can  visit  personally,  sold  last 
year    16,756   copies   of    Scriptures,   as   con- 


3i 


trasted  with  4,230  the  year  before,  which 
are  carried  far  inland  in  some  cases. 

Results 

While  relatively  little  has  been  accom- 
plished in  the  few  years  since  Protestants 
began  work,  the  few  reached  are  influen- 
tial as  those  in  the  Tourane  Church  sug- 
gest:     "Two-thirds    of    the   members    are 


men,  mostly  young,  two  of  them  are  re- 
lated to  royalty,  three  are  clerks  in  the 
French  railroad  offices,  four  are  students, 
one  an  engineer,  .  .  .  another  is  a  soldier 
in  France,  one  is  the  preacher,  another  the 
Bible-woman  and  three  are  colporteurs. 
In  all,  ten  of  the  members  have  an  edu- 
cation in  French,  and  twelve  of  them  read 
the  Chinese  characters." 


INDIA 

Professor  D.  J.    Fleming,   Ph.D. 


The  Indian  Church 

I.  In  a  missionary  survey  of  India,  inter- 
est centers  in  the  growth  of  the  Indian 
Church.  Its  evangelistic  effort  is  shown 
by  many  home  missionary  societies  with 
annual  receipts  ranging  from  one  hundred 
to  five  thousand  dollars.  The  National 
Missionary  Society  of  India  (established 
in  1905),  interdenominational  in  its  con- 
stituency and  administration,  but  strictly 
denominational  in  its  evangelistic  work  in 
any  given  area,  carries  on  work  in  six 
fields,  with  thirteen  Indian  missionaries,  a 
Christian  community  of  2,800  converts,  and 
an  income  last  year  of  $7,300.  A  simulta- 
neous Evangelistic  Campaign  throughout 
the  Presbyterian  Churches  of  India  reached 
its  climax  in  February,  1918.  They  report 
that  the  Gospel  was  preached  to  400,000; 
44,000  tracts  and  Gospel  portions  were 
sold ;  100,000  free  hand  bills  were  given 
out,   and  6,000  inquirers   secured. 

Self-Support 

A  national  survey  of  progress  in  self- 
support  shows  the  highest  figures  in  the 
church  of  Tinnevelly  (an  outgrowth  of 
the  Church  Missionary  Society),  which 
provides  at  least  sixty-six  per  cent,  of 
the  total  expense  of  the  pastors,  primary 
schools,  and  evangelistic  work  of  the 
whole    district. 

Indigenous  Initiative 

Highly  promising  indigenous  method 
and  initiative  has  been  shown  by  Sadhu 
Sundar_  Singh,  the  greatest  individual 
evangelistic  force  over  north  and  south 
India  to-day.  This  striking  and  attractive 
personality,  clad  in  the  orthodox  yellow 
robe  of  the  wandering  sannyasi,  carrying 
only  his  Hindi  Bible,  appeals  to  the  wide- 
spread yearning  for  Christian  self-expres- 
sion which  is  unmistakably  Indian.  The 
Indian    National    Missionary    Society    will 


utilize  his  leadership  during  the  coming 
year.  Rev.  N.  V.  Tilak,  the  most  eminent 
Christian  singer  and  poet  in  the  Marathi 
language,  has  resigned  his  mission  con- 
nection, in  order  to  become  a  Christian 
sannyasi,  serving  henceforth  without  pay 
in  an  effort  to  Indianize  Christianity.  "In- 
dia needs  many  such  workers,"  he  de- 
clares, "and  if  they  are  ready  but  need 
encouragement,  my  example  may  help 
them." 

Middle  Class  Movements 

New  movements  among  the  middle 
classes  of  western  and  southern  India 
bring  a  fresh  challenge  to  the  evangelistic 
power  of  the  Indian  Church.  We  have 
been  familiar  since  1880  with  mass  move- 
ments among  the  outcasts.  For  a  decade 
these  great  movements  of  groups  of  fam- 
ilies or  of  whole  villages  have  been  the 
dominating  feature  of  missionary  work 
in  India,  and  continue  to  bring  an  almost 
overwhelming  problem  of  decreasing  per- 
centage of  literacy  and  demand  for 
Christian  shepherding.  But  still  more  sig- 
nificant are  signs  of  such  movements 
among  the  energetic  and  thrifty  middle 
classes.  These  conservative  farmers,  arti- 
sans, merchants,  and  weavers  have  been 
profoundly  stirred  by  the  danger  of 
Brahman  rule  being  thrust  upon  them, 
and  are  awakening1  educationally,  polit- 
ically and  religiously  in  an  unparalleled 
way.  Christianity  has  heretofore  touched 
them  largely  through  missionary  educa- 
tion, but  they  have  also  been  deeply  im- 
pressed with  the  wonderful  changes  which 
Christianity  has  wrought  among  the  lower 
classes. 

The  chairman  of  the  Forward  Evangel- 
istic Movement  for  South  India  reports 
that  a  large  middle  class  community  on 
the  West  Coast  has  publicly  announced  its 
intention  of  leaving  Hinduism  unless  it 
casts    aside    its     social    exclusiveness ;    in 


32 


Malabar  conversion  to  Mohammedanism 
or  Christianity  has  been  openly  suggested 
by  many ;  one  correspondent  in  a  Madras 
paper  discusses  the  respective  merits  of 
the  Brahmo  Samaj  and  Christianity,  and 
all  through  these  middle  class  communi- 
ties there  is  a  keen  desire  to  inquire  with 
open-mindedness  into  the  merits  of  Chris- 
tianity. 

The  Indian  Workers 

The  rising  tide  of  national  feeling  is 
reflected  in  a  growing  discontent  over  the 
relation  of  Indian  workers  to  foreign  mis- 
sionaries. A  conviction  is  spreading  that 
Indian  Giristians  have  not  been  given  suf- 
ficient scope,  influence,  and  responsibility 
in  the  church  and  in  the  missions,  and 
that  missionaries  keep  under  their  own 
control  work  that  should  have  been  handed 
over  to  the  control  of  the  Indian  Church. 
The  Bishop  of  Dornakal,  the  Indian  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  the  Indian 
Church,  reporting  to  the  National  Mis-, 
sionary  Council,  frankly  stated  that  the 
most  elaborate  adjustments  between  mis- 
sions and  churches  by  means  of  councils 
and  officials  "does  not  satisfy  the  legiti- 
mate desire  for  independence,"  and  held 
that  self-management  should  not  be  with- 
held simply  because  complete  self-support 
is  not  yet  attained.  Two  retreats  have 
been  held  by  groups  of  Christian  leaders, 
both  Indian  and  foreign,  endeavoring 
through  prayer  and  discussion  to  discover 
the  roots  of  the  mutual  misunderstanding 
and  lack  of  confidence,  and  the  way  in 
which  racial  pride  and  sensitiveness  could 
be  removed. 

Conference  of  Indian  Christians 

The  All-India  Conference  of  Indian 
Christians  (established  1914),  an  organ- 
ization neither  political  nor  religious,  but 
aiming  at  the  moral,  economic,  and  intel- 
lectual development  of  the  community,  has 
held  its  fourth  annual  session,  making 
loyal  representations  to  the  Government, 
strengthening  the  various  local  Indian 
Christian  Associations,  fostering  public 
opinion,  and  surveying  the  industries  best 
suited   to  the   Christian  community. 

Statistics 

Statistics  for  1917  for  South  India  are 
available,  including  more  than  one-fifth 
(930,000")  total  Christian  constituency  in 
India.  The  increase  for  the  year  has  been 
one  per  cent. ;  while  the  increase  of  full 
communicants    has    been    two    and    four- 


tenths  per  cent.  The  returns  show  a 
marked  increase — six  per  cent. — of  unor- 
dained  Indian  workers,  both  men  and 
women ;  and  a  decrease  in  Christians  and 
pupils  in  some  missions  which  are  under- 
staffed because  of  the  war.  Many  Chris- 
tians were  removed  to  the  various  battle- 
fields chiefly  as  non-combatants,  and  as  a 
result  churches  have  not  been  adequately 
cared  for,  and  outsiders  have  not  been 
gathered  into  the  church. 

Indian  Christian  Soldiers 

Indian  Christian  soldiers  from  the  Pun- 
jab chiefly,  but  also  from  other  provincial 
areas,  have  both  fought  and  died  in  the 
war,  and  laborers  by  the  hundred  were 
recruited  from  all  parts  of  India.  Many 
noteworthy  instances  of  aid  to  Red  Cross 
and  Belgium  relief  are  on  record.  For 
example,  after  an  appeal  in  Assam  two 
hundred  fifty  dollars  ($250)  was  collected 
which  represented  two  days'  work  for 
every   Christian   in  the  Naga   Hills. 

Famine 

In  addition  to  high  prices  caused  by  the 
war,  famine  has  come  to  certain  areas  in 
western  and  northern  India.  A  cabled  ap- 
peal to  one  Board  asked  for  $30,000  to 
assist  the  pastors  and  Christians  of  their 
community. 

Missionary  Councils 

II.  The  National  and  Provincial  Mission- 
ary Councils  for  India,  since  their  organiz- 
ation in  1912,  have  been  gradually  making 
careful  surveys  of  the  various  matters 
connected  with  the  Christ'ianization  of  In- 
dia. The  National  Missionary  Council  an- 
nounces the  publication  of  an  India  Sur- 
vey Manual,  giving  the  aims,  limits,  prin- 
ciples and  methods  of  a  systematic  survey 
of  missionary  work  in  India,  as  carried 
out  by  a  special  staff  working  since  the 
beginning  of  1916,  and  also  the  publication 
of  the  firsf  sectional  report  of  the  survey 
(Mysore  State).  The  survey  of  all  in- 
digenous Christian  literature  available  in 
India,  both  in  the  vernaculars  and  in  Eng- 
lish, is  approaching  completion,  revealing 
the  necessity  for  a  higher  estimate  to  be 
placed  on  the  value  of  literature  as  a  mis- 
sionary agency  and  for  cooperation  in  its 
production  and  distribution.  The  National 
Missionary  Council  through  its  standing 
committee  on  Public  Questions  has  taken 
steps  for  the  drafting  of  a  new  Indian 
Christian  Marriage  Act,  inasmuch  as  the 
present    Act    is    cumbersome,    inconsistent, 


33 


and  difficult  to  understand.  A  hand  book 
on  legal  questions  affecting  the  Indian 
Christian  community  is  being  prepared, 
and  the  Committee  is  working  on  complex 
questions,  such  as  the  legal  marital  status 
of  a  Mohammedan  husband  and  wife  on 
becoming    Christians.  • 

Union  and  Cooperation 

Progress  in  union  and  cooperation  is 
found  in  the  new  medical  school  for 
women  at  Vellore,  South  India,  where 
twelve  British  and  American  missionary 
societies  have  planned  an  initial  expendi- 
ture (including  government  grant)  of 
$200,000  and  an  annual  budget  of  $33,000; 
in  the  measures  taken  by  the  last  General 
Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
India  to  consult  other  denominations  in 
regard  to  organic  union  and  the  forma- 
tion of  a  united  church  for  all  India;  in 
the  General  Assembly's  resolution  advis- 
ing its  Synod  of  Bombay  and  the  Central 
Provinces  to  cooperate  with  the  American 
Board  Marathi  Mission  in  the  matter  of 
theological  education ;  in  the  resolutions 
passed  by  350  missionaries  in  the  Telegu 
area,  representing  thirteen  missions,  asking 
their  respective  missions  to  make  certain 
territorial  adjustments  in  order  to  avoid 
overlapping  in  the  crowded  area;  in  the 
decision  to  establish  a  Union  Language 
School  at  Madanapalle  for  the  Telegu  re- 
gion ;  and  in  the  action  of  the  Society  for 
the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  handing 
over  Bishop's  College,  Calcutta,  after 
ninety  years'  control,  to  the  Bishops  of 
the  Indian  Province  for  meeting  the  needs 
of  all  the  Indian  dioceses  for  a  common 
training  in  English  of  theological  students 
of    every   language    area. 

German  Missions 

Several  German  Missions  have  already 
been  sold  or  permanently  transferred,  and 
in  view  of  the  unlikely  early  return  of 
the  German  missionaries  to  India,  the  Na- 
tional Missionary  Council  unanimously  ad- 
vised those  in  temporary  charge  of  Ger- 
man missions  to  consult  with  the  Indian 
pastors  in  connection  with  these  missions 
as  to  what  the  future  of  these  churches 
should  be. 

Effects  of  the  War 

Indian  Missions  have  naturally  been 
greatly  affected  by  the  war.  In  South 
India  the  decrease  of  foreign  workers  for 
the   years    1915-1917   has    been    twenty-five 


per  cent.  This  serious  decrease  is  having 
its  effect  on  the  Churches  and  schools. 
A  great  deal  of  the  recruiting  of  Indian 
Christian  labor  was  done  through  mission 
agency  and  at  least  a  dozen  missionaries, 
as  supervisors  or  commandants,  accom- 
panied Indian  Christians  to  Europe  and 
to  Mesopotamia.  In  general  it  was 
thought  best  for  missionaries  to  continue 
in  their  work,  especially  in  the  country 
districts.  Addresses  on  war  themes  were 
given  by  missionaries  in  most  of  the  prin- 
cipal languages  of  India.  At  least  100  en- 
tered active  service  as  combatants,  doc- 
tors, chaplains,  or  nurses.  The  magnifi- 
cent achievements  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  in  its  war  work  de- 
partment ought  to  be  a  help  to  missions 
for  years  to  come. 

Constitutional  Reforms 

III.  The  proposed  Indian  Constitutional 
•  Reforms  undoubtedly  constitute  the  domi- 
nating subject  of  discussion  throughout  In- 
dia during  the  past  year.  What  has  been 
officially  referred  to  as  "the  most  mo- 
mentous utterance  ever  made  in  India's 
chequered  history"  was  the  announcement 
in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  20th  of 
August,  1917,  of  a  definite  policy  of  "the 
increasing  association  of  Indians  in  every 
branch  of  the  administration  and  the 
gradual  development  of  self-governing  in- 
stitutions with  a  view  to  the  progressive 
realization  of  responsible  government  as 
an  integral  part  of  the  British  Empire." 
In  April,  1918,  the  Secretary  of  State  for 
India  (Mr.  Montagu)  and  the  Viceroy 
(Lord  Chelmsford)  published  a  report  cov- 
ering three  hundred  octavo  pages,  recom- 
mending far-reaching  changes  in  the 
principles  and  framework  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  India,  and  which  they  describe 
as  "the  greatest  political  experiment  ever 
undertaken  in  the  world's  history."  Two 
dominating  difficulties  confront  them. 
"One  is  that  the  immense  masses  of  the 
people  are  poor,  ignorant,  and  helpless  far 
beyond  the  standards  of  Europe;  and  the 
other  is  that  there  runs  through  Indian 
society  a  series  of  cleavages — of  religion, 
race,  and  caste,  which  constantly  threatens 
its  solidarity."  The  report  recommends : 
(1)  complete  popular  control  in  local  bod- 
ies and  the  largest  possible  independence 
for  them  of  outside  control;  (2)  that  the 
provincial  governments  should  be  the 
domain  in  which  the  most  advanced  ex- 
perimentation should  be  made  toward  the 
progressive  realization  of  responsible  gov- 


34 


ernment,  and  that  immediate  transfer  be 
made  to  the  provincial  governments  of  as 
much  independence  in  legislation,  admin- 
istration, and  finance  as  is  compatible  with 
the  central  government's  discharge  of  its 
own  duties;  (3)  that  the  central  govern- 
ment should  remain  as  at  present  wholly 
responsible  to  Parliament,  but  that  the  In- 
dian Legislative  Council  should  be  en- 
larged, made  more  representative,  and  its 
opportunities  of  influencing  government 
increased,  pending  the  result  of  experi- 
ence in  the  Provinces;  and  (4)  that  Pro- 
vincial home  rule  should  be  the  proximate 
goal.  Thus  the  reforms  project  the 
vision  of  a  sisterhood  of  States — the 
United  States  of  India — self-governing  in 
all  matters  of  purely  provincial  interest, 
and  presided  over  by  a  central  govern- 
ment increasingly  representative  of,  and 
responsible  to  the  people,  and  dealing  with 
matters  of  common  interest  to  all  of  them. 
Extreme  Home  Rulers,  led  by  Mrs.  Annie 
Besant,  the  last  President  of  the  Indian 
National  Congress  vehemently  reject  these 
proposals  as  inadequate.  A  strong  non- 
Brahman  movement  fears  the  proposals  as 
making  a  return  of  Brahman  domination 
possible.  The  framers  themselves  recog- 
nize many  dangers,  and  provide  for  a 
periodic  inquiry  into  the  growth  of  the 
electorates  and  their  use  of  the  franchise. 
Relatively  less  significant,  and  yet 
highly  prized,  is  the  decision  of  His  Maj- 
esty the  King-Emperor,  to  give  a  certain 
number  of  army  commissions  to  Indians 
each  year.  This  provision  may  apply  not 
only  to  Indian  officers  who  have  distin- 
guished themselves  during  the  war,  but 
to  selected  candidates  nominated  from 
civil  life. 

Social  Reforms 

IV.  While  articulate  India  is  insis- 
tently claiming  political  reform,  the  in- 
articulate masses  desperately,  need  social 
reform.  The  National  Social  Conference 
held  its  thirty-first  annual  meeting  in  1918. 
Both  in  this  and  in  the  various  Provincial 
Social  Conferences  there  is  evidence  that 
the  idea  of  social  reform  is  being  ex- 
panded so  as  to  include  measures  to  re- 
move invidious  distinction  in  the  condi- 
tions of  life,  and  the  promotion  of  equal 
opportunity  for  self-development  on  the 
part  of  all  classes  and  of  both  sexes.  The 
All-India  Depressed  Classes  Mission  held 
its  second  annual  conference  in  1918,  with 
the  express  object  of  bringing  about  the 
abolition  of  the  custom  of  regarding  cer- 
tain   castes    as    untouchable.      The    Aryan 


Brotherhood  Conference  at  its  third  an- 
nual meeting  in  November,  1917,  set  forth 
the  evils  of  the  caste  system,  and  in  five 
resolutions  proposed  means  for  eradicating 
the  system.  The  Conference  showed  its 
sincerity  by  having  a  dinner  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  proceedings,  at  which  peo- 
ple of  all  castes  and  of  no  caste  were 
welcome.  Many  feel  that  an  inevitable 
result  of  the  return  of  thousands  of  In- 
dian troops  from  across  the  seas  will  be 
a  weakening  of  caste.  Political  consid- 
erations for  and  against  communal  rep- 
resentation have  awakened  social  forces 
which  are  sapping  the  foundations  of  the 
caste  system.  Startling  instances  of  in- 
terdining  or  of  otherwise  bridging  the 
gap  between  the  middle  classes  and  Chris- 
tians or  the  Pauchamas  have  occurred  dur- 
ing the  past  year. 

Social  Service  Leagues 

Social  Service  Leagues  are  increasing 
in  number  and  efficiency.  Rajputana  held 
its  first  Provincial  Social  Service  Confer- 
ence last  year.  A  Social  Service  Exhibi- 
tion at  Calcutta  attracted  5,000  people  to 
see  the  charts,  photographs  and  models 
collected  on  such  subjects  as  sanitation, 
personal  hygiene,  child  welfare,  education, 
temperance,  economics,  and  cooperation. 
An  elaborate  exhibition  was  held,  also, 
by  the  League  of  Madura.  In  the  New 
Year's  Honor's  List  for  1918  four  people 
(one  a  missionary)  were  selected  because 
of   social   service   rendered. 

Women's  Improvement 

We  may  note,  further,  that  Travancore 
has  thrown  open  one  hundred  and  forty- 
six  girls'  schools  to  all  classes ;  that  the 
viceroy  has  for  the  first  time  been  ap- 
proached by  a  deputation  of  Indian  la- 
dies; that  there  is  widespread  dissatisfac- 
tion with  the  position  of  the  Government 
in  regard  to  temperance  and  that  the  first 
All-India  Medical  Conference  was  held 
in  Calcutta  in  December,  1917,  in  which 
they  urged  the  establishment  of  a  national 
sanitary  movement  and  the  foundation 
of  many  more  medical  schools  and  col- 
leges for  men  and  women.  The  Seva 
Sadan  Society  of  Bombay  (founded  in 
1008  by  the  Parsee  Reformer,  Mr.  B.  M. 
Mallabari)  reports  the  free  education  of 
fifty  widows,  the  medical  relief  of  1,500 
women  and  children,  the  training  of  sixty 
Marathi  primary  school  teachers,  the  hold- 
ing of  literary  classes  for  women,  and 
provision  for  one  hundred  maternity  cases. 


35 


The  Bombay  Pj-ovincial  Political  Confer- 
ence (1918)  has  taken  the  lead  in  advocat- 
ing the  extension  of  suffrage  to  women. 
The  question  was  raised  at  the  previous 
Indian  National  Congress,  but  that  body- 
did  not  feel  free  to  deal  with  it  in  the 
absence  of  public  opinion  from  the 
Provinces. 

Education 

V.  In  the  realm  of  missionary  educa- 
tion the  topic  arousing  most  discussion 
has  been  "the  conscience  clause,"  a  widely 
advocated  proposal  that  all  missionary 
schools  aided  by  public  money  should  per- 
mit any  student  to  absent  himself  on  con- 
scientious grounds  from  regular  Christian 
instruction.  Missionary  opinion  is  stead- 
ily concentrating  on  opposition  to  legisla- 
tion requiring  a  universal  conscience 
clause,  on  the  voluntary  relief  of  con- 
science in  areas  where  the  mission  has 
the  single  needed  school,  and  as  to  the  duty 
of  public  or  private  bodies  to  provide 
other  schools  where  the  number  of  con- 
scientious   objectors    warrants k  it. 

Free    Education 

While  Mr.  Gokhale's  Bill  for  the  Im- 
perial Legislative  Council  six  years  ago 
failed  in  its  effort  to  secure  permission 
for  local  bodies  to  declare  education  free 
and  compulsory  within  their  areas,  sim- 
ilar bills  are  making  progress  in  several 
Provinces  (Bombay,  Bengal,  Behar,  Pun- 
jab). Not  a  few  municipalities  have  de- 
clared their  intention  to  act  on  the  pro- 
visions of  such  bills.  In  Bombay  several 
have  taken  the  first  steps,  and  are  resolved 
to  apply  the  measure  simultaneously  to 
boys  and  to  girls. 

Education  of  Women 

In  Bombay  Presidency,  which  is  one  of 
the  two  most  advanced  areas  as  regards 
female  education,  the  percentage  of  girls 
at  school  to  the  total  female  population 
was  one  and  five-tenths  per  cent  for  1916- 
17,  an  advance  in  five  years  of  two-tenths 
per  cent.  "The  Indian  Social  Reformer" 
calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  at  this 
arithmetical  rate  of  increase,  it  would  re- 
quire over  three  hundred  thirty-seven 
years  for  all  girls  of  school  age  in  the 
Bombay  Presidency  to  be  brought  under 
instruction.      Experiments    in    co-education 


in  primary  schools  have  been  authorized 
in  several  places.  The  revision  of  educa- 
tional methods  and  of  the  curriculum  for 
primary  schools,  especially  in  rural  areas, 
is  receiving  serious  attention.  Mission- 
aries have  a  most  inspiring  opportunity  to 
lead   with   modern  methods. 

In  Bombay  and  Madras  (the  two  non- 
purdah  Provinces)  the  number  of  girls  in 
arts  colleges  rose  from  one  hundred 
twenty  to  three  hundred  nine  during  the 
last  quinquennium.  Announcement  has 
been  made  of  the  first  non-Brahman 
Hindu  lady  graduate  in  the  Madras  Presi- 
dency (exclusive  of  Malabar  and  Travan- 
core). 

Moslem  Jndia 

VI.  Mohammedans  in  India  number 
70,000,000,  the  largest  Moslem  group  in 
the  world.  The  most  striking  political 
development  of  Islam  in  India  has  been 
the  increasing  participation  of  Moslems  in 
the  nationalistic  movement,  from  which 
until  recently  they  have  sedulously  held 
aloof. 

The  "New  Era,"  a  Mohammedan  week- 
ly published  at  Lucknow,  attributes  the 
acknowledged  failure  of  Islam  as  a  secu- 
lar force  to  the  dead  weight  of  conven- 
tion. A  new  Moslem  College  has  been 
established  at  Vaniyambadi  in  Madras 
Presidency  and  the  Islamic  College  at 
Peshawar  is  vying  with  the  one  at  Lahore 
in  its  ambitious  program  for  Moslem 
higher  education.  There  are  plans  on  foot 
for  a  new  Moslem  University  at  Hydera- 
bad, Deccan.  In  other  centers  also  leaders 
of  education  are  stirring  their  backward 
community  to  remove  the  reproach  of 
ignorance  and  illiteracy  which  rests  heav- 
ily on  the  Moslem  population.  The  report 
on  education  for  Bengal  shows  one  Mos- 
lem girl  for  every  five  Moslem  boys  in 
school.  The  sixteenth  session  of  the  "As- 
sembly of  Moslern  Theologians,"  held  in 
Madras  in  1917,  aimed  to  encourage  the 
study  of  Arabic,  to  encourage  Pan-Islam- 
ism  among  the  Sunni,  Shiah,  and  Wahabi 
sects,  and  to  revive  something  of  the  old 
Islamic  driving  power.  Significant  of  the 
new  spirit  animating  women  of  the  East, 
was  a  manifesto  signed  by  a  number  of 
educated  and  enlightened  ladies  of  the  All- 
India  -'Muslim  Ladies'  Conference  (La- 
hore, 1918)  concerning  the  evils  and  hard- 
ships of  polygamous   marriages. 


36 


JAPAN 

Rev.    Enoch    P.    Bell 


Moral  Openness 

Perhaps  never  before  has  Japan  been 
so  open  to  the  teaching  of  Jesus  Christ 
as  it  is  now.  In  the  eighties  the  oppor- 
tunity was  large,  but  that  opportunity 
then  was  mostly  due  to  a  mistaken  idea 
on  the  part  of  the  people  that  taking  over 
Western  civilization  involved  the  borrow- 
ing of  the  West's  religion  as  well.  It  was 
then  largely  a  matter  of  a  change  of  cloth- 
ing. Now,  however,  the  demand  develops 
out  of  a  growing  sense  of  moral  need,  a 
grasping  after  a  force  to  keep  the  state 
above  the  waters  of  demoralization,  a 
hunger  for  power  of  the  soul  of  the  peo- 
ple to  keep  that  soul  true  to  its  national 
ideals.  How  much  of  this  openness  is  due 
to  international  expediency  and  how 
much  to  a  comprehension  of  the  internal 
needs  of  the  nation,  is  not  fully  known. 
The  need  is  recognized,  however.  There 
is  a  deep  and  growing'  unrest  and  a  re- 
ligious thirst  among  the  Japanese. 

New  Attitude 

This  openness  is  seen  in  the  attitude 
of  officials,  educators,  business  men  and 
other  leaders  of  importance  toward  rep- 
resentatives from  Christian  countries.  It 
is  also  seen  in  the  suppression  of  public 
utterances  against  Christianity,  such,  for 
example,  as  those  contained  in  the  short- 
lived magazine,  "The  Great  Nation."  It 
is  manifested,  too,  in  the  way  business 
men  are  taking  up  the  study  of  the  Bible, 
even  when  not  connected  with  a  Chris- 
tian church ;  in  the  readiness  of  students 
to  read  the  "Myojo,"  a  Christian  paper 
issued  by  the  Christian  Literature  Soci- 
ety, 57,000  copies  of  which  were  distrib- 
uted last  year  and  read  by  upwards  of 
200,000  Japanese  in  the  schools;  in  the 
way  the  Japanese  railway  authorities  have 
allowed  Christian  library  books  to  be 
placed  at  various  stations.  A  more  di- 
rect evidence  of  this  openness  is  that  of 
the  response  to  the  evangelistic  appeal  of 
Mr.  Kanamori,  thousands  hearing  his  mes- 
sage each  night  and  hundreds  deciding 
for  Christ,  the  permanent  power  of  the 
appeal  being  limited  only  by  the  ability 
of  the  churches  to  follow  up  the  game. 
Then,  too,  there  has  been  the  work  of  the 
woman  evangelist, — a  growing  demand  for 
her  as  a  Bible  teacher  in  the  national 
schools,    in    various    philanthropic    institu- 


tions, in  hospitals,  school  dormitories, 
boarding  houses  or  large  manufacturing 
plants,  and  the  like. 

Unprecedented  Urgency 

Indeed,  the  situation  in  Japan  utters  a 
call  of  unprecedented  urgency.  Japan,  be- 
cause of  the  war,  is  changing  fundamen- 
tally. Its  political  system,  its  social  struc- 
ture, its  educational  program  is  being  mod- 
ified ;  commercialism  and  industrialism 
are  the  solutions  of  the  day.  What  this 
means  to  the  individual,  to  the  family  life, 
to  society  generally,  can  only  be  conjec- 
tured. While  the  nation  is  in  danger  of 
becoming  crazed  by  the  lust  for  gold  and 
torn  asunder  by  past  jealousies,  there  is 
a  growing  number  of  thoughtful  men  who 
are  rising  to  the  moral  and  spiritual  needs 
of  their  country.  The  word  "spiritual- 
ity" is  heard  on  the  lips  of  officials,  edu- 
cators and  others  far  more  frequently 
than  ever  before.  Many  are  turning  to 
religion.  Buddhism,  for  example,  is  be- 
ing galvanized  to  meet  the  modern  needs. 
The  Shin  sect,  for  example,  now  has  its 
Bible,  its  hymn  book  with  Christian  tunes, 
its  Sunday  Schools,  its  philanthropic  and 
charitable  associations,  street  preaching, 
tent  evangelism,  summer  institutes,  lecture 
system,  and  a  United  Evangelistic  Cam- 
paign; young  priests  are  being  trained  in 
the  new  education  and  in  the  reorgan- 
ization of  the  temple  system.  Not  only 
is  this  confined  to  the  Shin  sect ;  those  of 
Nichiren,  Jodo  and  Zen  are  similarly  af- 
fected This  religious  thirst  makes  it  in- 
creasingly clear  that  Christianity  will 
some  day  come  to  its  own  as  the  only  re- 
ligious hope  of  the  nation  in  its  new  needs. 

The  Year's  Progress 

The  year  under  review  has  brought  loss 
to  the  missions  through  death  and  remov- 
als. Progress  in  the  work,  however,  has 
been  made ;  new  buildings,  such  as  the 
Baptist  Tabernacle  in  Tokyo,  and  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  in 
Yokohama  are  proving  centers  of  Chris- 
tian social  service  and  are  attracting  the 
attention  of  thinking  men  throughout  the 
Empire.  The  opening  of  the  new  Wom- 
en's University  at  Tokyo,  on  April  30, 
1918,  under  Japanese  auspices  has  been  one 
of  the  great  events  of  mission  history  in 
Japan. 


37 


Religious  Education 

The  work  of  religious  education  has  re- 
ceived a  great  impetus  during  the  past 
year.  Churches  everywhere  are  giving 
this  more  attention  than  formerly  and 
some  communions  are  making  great 
strides  forward.  During  the  past  five 
years  three  hundred  new  Japanese  Sunday 
Schools  have  united  with  the  National  Sun- 
day School  Association,  twenty-six  new 
District  Associations  have  been  organized, 
each  year  two  successful  normal  training 
institutes  are  being  conducted,  and  na- 
tional as  well  as  district  Sunday  School 
conventions  are  held.  Preparations  are  on 
foot  now  for  the  long  anticipated  World 
Sunday  School  Association's  Convention 
in  Tokyo.  Bible  distribution  goes  on  as 
usual.  Last  year  an  entrance  was  made 
into  the  prisons,  though  with  some  op- 
position on  the  part  of  the  local  officials. 
The  anticipated  revised  version  of  the 
New  Testament  has  been  published;  the 
press  is  being  used  more  and  more  as  a 
means  of  getting  the  facts  of  Christian- 
ity before  the  people;  evangelization  by 
mail  progresses. 

Japanese  Leadership 

One  of  the  marked  features  of  the  year 
has  been  the  readiness  on  the  part  of  the 
missionaries  to  acknowledge  the  leader- 
ship of  the  Japanese.  This  has  been  par- 
ticularly true  of  those  missions  that  be- 
cause of  their  policy  have  not  been  so 
closely  bound  to  the  Japanese  by  organ- 
ization as  other  communions  have.  The 
Universalist  Mission,  for  example,  has 
"democratized"  its  government ;  the  North- 
ern Baptists  have  taken  unprecedented 
steps  forward  toward  closer  cooperation 
with  the  Japanese ;  the  American  Board  has 
far-reaching  plans  toward  integrating  its 
mission  into  the  Kumiai  Church ;  thus, 
throughout  the  field,  the  missionaries  and 
Japanese  are  "keeping  step  together"  as 
never  before.  Perhaps  the  most  notable 
example  of  missionary  readiness  to  exalt 
the  native  Japanese  is  that  of  the  English 
Bishop   Boutflower,   who   has    resigned  his 


See  in  South  Tokyo  to  make  way  for  the 
election  of   a   Japanese   diocesan  bishop. 

Self-Support 

The  Japanese  have  long  been  striving 
toward  self-support,  but  this  has  been  hard 
because  of  the  poverty  prevalent  among 
the  people.  Now,  however,  Japanese 
Christians  of  wealth  are  beginning  to  ap- 
pear. Large  gifts  have  been  made  dur- 
ing the  year ;  that  of  Mr.  Katsuta  of  Kobe, 
of  $100,000  for  an  administration  building 
at  Aoyama  Gakuin,  being  the  largest  sin- 
gle gift  to  a  mission  by  a  Japanese.  A 
similar  sum  has  been  set  aside  by  Mrs. 
Hiro-Oka  of  Osaka  for  the  establishment 
of  a  non-sectarian  training  institute,  in- 
cluding a  department  of  social  service; 
$30,000  was  given  the  past  year  by  Mr. 
Yamamoto  of  Kyoto  to  Doshisha  Univer- 
sity for  a  library.  Other  gifts  have  been 
made  by  Japanese  Christians,  not  the  least 
of  which  was  that  of  $30.20  by  the  poor 
lepers  of  Palo  Seco  for  a  church  building 
at  Kusatsu. 

The  Future 

Japan  is  a  mighty  potential  force  in 
the  world  to-day.  It  is  the  outstanding 
native  power  of  Asia ;  it  is  the  one  de- 
termined and  intelligently  constructive 
government  in  all  lands  bordering  the 
Western  Pacific.  Japan's  shadow  is  over 
all  Asia;  the  lines  of  her  policy  are  clear 
and  far-reaching ;  she  intends  to  be  the 
shaping  power  of  the  East.  The  question 
therefore  arises :  Shall  this  power  be 
Christian  or  pagan,  theoistic  or  agnostic, 
egoistic  or  altruistic,  autocratic  or  popu- 
lar? With  what  faith  and  with  what 
ideals  shall  Japan  exercise  her  effective 
sway  in  this  hour?  Our  aim  must  con- 
template the  achievement  of  nothing  less 
than  a  Christianized  Japan,  redeemed  in- 
dividuals, a  new  social  order  and  an  en- 
listed nation.  The  Japanese  Christians 
are  calling  for  missionary  help.  Now  is 
the  time  for  a  comprehensive,  construc- 
tive missionary  effort  in  closest  coopera- 
tion   with   the   native   church. 


MALAYSIA 

Professor  D.  J.  Fleming,   Ph.D. 


Education 

Almost  a  million  dollars  in  land  and 
money  have  been  secured  through  the  ef- 
forts of  the   Methodist   Episcopal    Church 


for  an  Anglo-Chinese  College  at  Singa- 
pore. It  is  noteworthy  that  half  a  mil- 
lion has  been  given  outright  by  five 
wealthy,  non-Christian  Chinese  million- 
aires.    The  school,  of  which  the  college  is 


a  development,  has  an  attendance  of  over 
2,000.  Singapore  is  the  most  cosmopoli- 
tan city  of  Malayasia  ;  it  is  the  great  cen- 
ter of  the  East  India  trade ;  and  a  great 
base  for  Mohammedan  missionary  propa- 
ganda. The  new  college  should  greatly 
strengthen  the  Christian  forces  of  this  im- 
portant center  as  well  as  having  a  reflex 
action  upon  South  China. 


Opium 

Rev.  E.  L.  Thwing  of  the  International 
Reform  Bureau  has  recently  visited  Siam, 
Singapore,  Malay  Federated  States,  Dutch 
Indies  and  Hongkong.  In  all  these  places 
he  has  found  a  surprising  opium  trade  and 
a  large  number  of  opium  smokers,  show- 
ing that  this  evil  is  not  dead  yet. 


PALESTINE 

t.    B.    Carter    Milli 


Free  from  the  Turk 

All  of  Palestine  is  now  free  from  the 
rule  of  the  Turk!  Late  in  1917  General 
Allenby's  army  crossed  the  desert  from 
the  Suez  Canal,  piping  water  from  the 
Nile  and  building  a  railroad  as  it-  ad- 
vanced, drove  the  Turks  from  Lower  Pal- 
estine, entered  Jerusalem  before  Christ- 
mas, and  established  a  line  about  twenty 
miles  north  of  Jerusalem  from  the  Med- 
iterranean to  the  River  Jordan.  During 
the  early  months  of  1918  preparations 
were  made  quietly,  but  on  a  grand  scale, 
for  the  final   drive. 

"The  day"  fell  on  September  18th,  and 
soon  from  the  Mediterranean  to  the  Con- 
stantinople-Mecca Railroad  east  of  the 
Jordan,  the  victorious  armies  of  General 
Allenby  and  his  Arab  Allies  were  advanc- 
ing at  top  speed.  Out  of  three  Turkish 
armies  numbering  about  105,000  men,  85,- 
000  prisoners  were  sent  back  of  the  Al- 
lied lines.  Great  was  the  rejoicing  in 
Jerusalem  when  the  news  came  that 
Nablus  (ancient  Shechem)  and  Nazareth, 
Es  Salt  and  Amman,  Haifa,  Damascus  and 
Beirut  were  taken. 

The  Suffering  People 

The  land  and  the  people  have  suffered 
greatly  from  the  war.  Olive  groves  have 
been  cut  down  for  firewood  and  animals 
taken  by  the  Turkish  armies.  Large  num- 
bers of  the  people  have  died  of  starva- 
tion and  disease  behind  the  Turkish  lines. 
Even  in  Jerusalem  where  the  British  have 
done  excellent  work,  establishing  law  and 
order,  cleaning  the  city,  and  providing  for 
the  population,  the  congestion  of  refugees 
from  Northern  Palestine  and  from  be- 
yond the  Jordan  has  been  the  cause  of 
much   suffering  and  loss  of  life. 

Relief  Work 

The  Syria  and  Palestine  Relief  Commit- 
tee  organized   by   the    Anglican    Bishop   in 


Jerusalem,  and  drawing  largely  on  Ameri- 
can support  through  our  Armenian  and 
Syrian  Relief  Committee,  entered  when 
first  Jerusalem  was  taken,  and  is  render- 
ing heroic  service.  Thousands  have  been 
fed,  housed  and  clothed,  given  medical 
care   and   furnished   employment. 

The  American  Red  Cross  is  doing  a 
large  work  in  Palestine.  This  includes  hos- 
pitals and  clinics  in  Jerusalem  and  med- 
ical units  at  a  number  of  other  especially 
needy  points  ;  a  large  industrial  work,  giv- 
ing occupation  to  thousands  of  refugees ; 
orphanages  caring  for  children  otherwise 
entirely  unprovided  for ;  extensive  sanitary 
work  in  Jerusalem,  and  in  many  villages 
of  Palestine;  care  of  refugees,  particu- 
larly  those   from   across   the   Jordan. 

The  American  Zionists  have  a  large 
medical  unit  with  headquarters  in  Jerusa- 
lem, and  out-stations  at  many  points  of 
need.  This  unit  is  doing  a  very  impor- 
tant medical  and  sanitary  work. 

Protestant  Missions 

Aggressive  Protestant  missionary  work 
in  Palestine  has  been  practically  at  a 
standstill  during  the  War.  Sunday  Schools 
and  native  church  services  have  been 
maintained.  Practically  all  of  the  mission 
property  in  Jerusalem  is  now  being  used 
either  by  the  American  Red  Cross  or  the 
Syria  and  Palestine  Relief  Committee. 
The  property  of  all  the  mission  boards, 
even  including  the  English  missionary  so- 
cieties, is  intact  and  ready  for  use  at  an 
early  date.  Many  of  the  missionaries  are 
now  serving  as  members  of  the  Red  Cross 
Unit  or  the  Relief  corps. 

The  Future 

The  important  service  which  America 
has  been  able  to  render  to  the  people 
through  these  non-sectarian  and  well- 
equipped  agencies  has  opened  the  way  for 


30 


an  important  work  by  American  mission- 
aries in  the  years  to  come.  Men  and 
women  of  large  caliber,  strong  and  broad 
human  sympathies,  fine  Christian  spirit, 
and  breadth  of  vision  and  of  education 
can    achieve   great   things    in   the   land   of 


Palestine,  which  is  so  dear  to  the  hearts 
of  the  Christian  world.  They  must  have 
behind  them  churches  at  home  ready  to 
rise  above  narrow  sectarian  lines  for  the 
uplift  of  the  people  of  Palestine  and  the 
extension  of   the  Kingdom  of   God. 


PERSIA 

Rev.    George   T.    Scott 


The  Suffering  People 

Among  the  nations  that  have  suffered 
severely  during  the  great  war  Persia  must 
be  counted.  As  her  economic  health  is 
largely  dependent  upon  trade  with  the  out- 
side world,  the  cutting  off  of  commerce 
resulted  in  national  anemia.  Surrounded 
by  India,  Mesopotamia,  Turkey,  the  Cau- 
casus and  Turkestan,  the  country  was  a 
highroad  and  battleground  for  various  bel- 
ligerents, some  of  whom,  as  the  Turks 
and  Kurds,  committed  wanton  depreda- 
tions. To  the  woe  and  wastage  of  war 
has  been  added  the  blight  of  famine, 
caused  chiefly  by  poor  harvests  in  1917 
and  rapacious  hoarding  of  grain.  Thou- 
sands starved  to  death,  many  subsisted 
upon  the  flesh  of  animals  that  died  of 
neglect  or  disease,  and  even  human  flesh 
'was  eaten,  one  report  stating  that  "two 
women  were  stoned  to  death  for  killing 
and  cooking  a  child." 

Missionaries  Help 

This  dire  extremity  of  the  people  has 
been  God's  opportunity  to  reveal  to  them 
his  sacrificial  love  incarnate  in  Christian 
missionaries,  who  gladly  rendered  every 
conceivable  sort  of  service  to  sufferers  of 
every  class  and  condition.  Relief  Com- 
mittees in  America  and  Britain  sent  large 
sums  for  administration  through  the  mis- 
sionaries, who  made  need,  not  creed,  the 
basis  of  help.  Mission  compounds  pro- 
tected in  turn  Turkish  Moslems  and  As- 
syrian Christian  refugees,  while  mission 
hospitals  have  at  different  times  been  over- 
flowing with  wounded  and  diseased  As- 
syrians, Kurds,  Russians,  Persians  and 
Armenians.  From  this  unselfish  and 
deeply   appreciated    service   the   population 


of  Persia 'has  caught  a  fuller  comprehen- 
sion of  the  Gospel  of  love.  A  Moslem 
of  rank  wrote  a  vigorous  article  in  the 
leading  newspaper  of  Teheran,  commend- 
ing highly  the  remarkable  work  of  Chris- 
tians for  suffering  Mohammedans,  and 
asking  pointedly  why  Islam  failed  so  con- 
spicuously in  charity. 

Opened  Hearts 

For  this  emergency  the  American  and 
British  missionaries  were  well  prepared; 
they  had  won  the  confidence  of  all 
classes  and  had  trained  in  school  and  hos- 
pital many  natives  able  to  cooperate  in 
meeting  their  country's  urgent  need.  In 
spite  of  upset  and  unique  conditions,  evan- 
gelistic, educational,  medical  and  social 
work  was  continued,  the  people  having  a 
readier  and  warmer  welcome  for  the  mes- 
sage and  the  messengers  that  had  stood 
the  acid  test,  probably  as  severe  a  trial  as 
Christians  have   ever   faced. 

Christian  Martyrs 

Of  the  American  missionaries  in  Per- 
sia during  these  war  days  eight  have 
died,  and  in  addition  several  children;  dur- 
ing 1918  typhus  claimed  the  Rev.  Charles 
A.  Douglas  in  February  in  Teheran  and 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Lewis  F.  Esselstyn  in  May 
in  Meshed  near  the  Afghan  frontier;  and 
in  August,  while  he  was  guarding  the 
flight  of  60,000  Christian  refugees  south- 
eastward from  Urumia,  cholera  took  the 
Rev.  Dr.  William  A.  Shedd,  who  was  bur- 
ied in  a  lonely  grave  on  a  desert  moun- 
tainside. Miss  Lenore  Schoebel  died  in 
September.  In  saving  others,  themselves 
they  could  not  save. 


SIAM 


The  Land 


Siam,  or  Muang-Thai — "Kingdom  of  the 
Free," — is  as  large  as  the  New  England 
and  Middle  States,  plus  Indiana,  and  has 
a  population  of   about  nine   millions. 


Presbyterian  Missions 

Besides  caring  for  their  large  field,  the 
year  has  witnessed  the  full  establishment 
of  a  Laos  offshoot  of  the  Presbyterian 
Board     inside     China's     southern     border 


where  the  language  is  similar  to  that 
spoken  by  Laos  missionaries.  It  aims  to 
reach  350,000  who  are  the  Lu  branch  of 
the  Tai  race.  Translation  goes  on  en- 
couragingly, notably  one  of  the  Bible  in 
Kamoo,  using  Laos  characters,  for  tribes 
near  the  French  border. 

Methods  of  Work 

The  Presbyterian  Press  at  Bangkok 
printed,  during  the  year  reported, 
7,750,000  pages  of  Christian  literature. 
The  war  has  removed  some  Siamese  lead- 
ers, including  three  teachers  in  the  Bang- 
kok Christian  College.  Siamese  aviators 
are  among  those  sent  to  France.  Red 
Cross  activities  have  engaged  the  interest 
of  young  women  in  Christian  boarding 
schools. 

Dr.  Dunlap 

The  missionary  cause  has  met  a  great 
loss   in  the   death  in  April  of   Rev.   E.   P. 


Dunlap,  D.  D.,  for  forty-three  years  an  in- 
defatigable worker  there, — one  of  the  most 
eminent  missionaries  of  our  time.  Eleven 
months  in  the  year  he  was  itinerating,  go- 
ing on  elephant  or  pony  back,  in  carts, 
canoes,  aboard  his  schooner  and  afoot, 
out  into  the  jungles  and  along  the  rivers, 
administering  medicines,  preaching,  bap- 
tizing, teaching  and  helping  in  every  way 
the  people  who  so  loved  him  that  they 
built  for  him  a  home.  In  the  capital,  next 
to  the  King's  Cabinet,  no  one  had  readier 
access  to  His  Majesty,  who  often  sum- 
moned him  to  learn  details  of  his  king- 
dom, since  his  reports  and  advice  could 
be    implicitly   believed    and    followed. 

Reformed  Buddhism 

While  the  new  King's  attitude  toward 
Reformed  Buddhism  is  favorable,  the 
printed  report  that  Christianity  suffers  in 
consequence  is  untrue. 


SYRIA 

Rev.   Stanley  White,   D.   D. 


Ever  since  Turkey  entered  the  war  Sy- 
ria has  been  shut  out  from  contact  with 
the  outside  world.  The  mining  of  the 
coast,  the  establishment  of  the  Subma- 
rine Zone  and  the  strict  censorship  of  the 
mails  has  made  it  impossible  to  get  any- 
thing but  occasional  word  from  either  the 
people  or  the  missionaries.  It  has  been 
known,  however,  that  the  suffering  was 
great  especially  among  the  Christian  pop- 
ulations of  the  Lebanon.  While  it  is  not 
known,  how  many  of  these  people  have 
perished,  it  is  believed  that  nowhere  in 
the  Turkish  Empire  has  there  been  so 
large  a  percentage  of  deaths  from  star- 
vation.* In  addition  to  this  the  Turks  first 
devastated  the  land  by  the  conscription  of 
crops  and  all  able-bodied  male  citizens 
and  then  drove  down  from  the  north  thou- 
sands of  Armenian  refugees  who  became 
a  burden  on  the  already  despoiled  terri- 
tory. 

Work  Continued 

All  this  has  now  been  revealed  by  the 
successful  offensive  of  General  Allenby, 
beginning  on  September  18,  1918,  which 
led  to  the  capture  of  Damascus,  the  Sy- 
rian Capital,  on  October  1st  and  the  oc- 
cupation of  Beirut  160  miles  north  of  Da- 
mascus by  the  French  Naval   Division  on 

*  Since  writing  the  above  the  first  letters  from 
1918  in  one  of  which  this  statement  is  made:  "Not 
has  died  of  starvation." 


October  8th.  Allenby's  success  has,  how- 
ever, revealed  another  side  of  the  story. 
When  Dr.  Finley,  the  head  of  the  Pales- 
tine Relief  Expedition,  entered  Beirut  he 
found  that  during  all  these  tragic  days 
the  missionaries  had  continued  their  work 
and  he  attended  the  opening  exercises  of 
the  Syrian  Protestant  College  when  eight 
hundred  students  were  gathered  to  pur- 
sue their  studies.  In  addition  he  learned 
that  with  few  exceptions  the  missionaries 
had  continued  their  work,  adding  to  it  a 
blessed  service  of  relief  to  the  starving 
population  and  that  the  recognition  of  this 
by  the  people  had  opened  opportunities 
such  as  they  had  never  had  before  in  the 
whole  history  of  their  work.  He  describes 
the  missionaries  as  "somewhat  thin  be- 
cause of  reduced  rations  but  happy  and 
filled  with  enthusiasm  that  their  long  night 
of  sorrow  had  passed  and  that  the  new 
day  was  dawning." 

Relief  Needed 

The  immediate  need  of  Syria  is  relief 
for  the  starving  multitudes,  including  the 
care  of  more  than  80,000  Turkish  and 
German  prisoners. 

Following  this  will  be  the  work  of  re- 
construction and  rehabilitation.     This  must 

1  Syria  have  come  dated  as  late  as  October  27, 
less  than  one-third  of  the  population  of  Lebanon 


41 


be  carried  on  along  several  lines.  Syria  is 
approximately  the  size  of  Italy,  114,530 
square  miles.  With  proper  cultivation  and 
irrigation  it  can  be  made  one  of  the  fail- 
spots  of  the  earth.  All  that  is  needed  is 
opportunity  for  the  development  of  its  na- 
tional resources.  All  the  ordinary  vege- 
tables and  garden  produce  of  temperate 
and  sub-tropical  climates  will  grow  if  rea- 
sonably cared  for  and  watered.  This  will 
necessitate  large  plans  for  irrigation  and 
also  increase  in  the  means  of  transporta- 
tion, such  as  railways,  roads,  etc.  Sanita- 
tion will  also  demand  immediate  atten- 
tion. In  Syria  the  sewers  are  open;  there 
are  swarms  of  flies  which  carry  disease 
from  the  uncovered  food  in  the  stalls  of 
the  shops.  Garbage  is  emptied  into  the 
streets.  Diseases  such  as  typhoid,  Asiatic 
cholera,  smallpox,  malaria,  tuberculosis 
and  typhus  are  prevalent.  In  1915,  300,- 
000  persons,  it  is  estimated,  died  from  this 
latter  disease  alone  in  the  Turkish  Empire 
and  Syria  had  her  share,  for  within  her 
border  practically  nothing  has  been  done  by 
the  government  to  combat  these  conta- 
gious scourges.  There  is  tremendous 
need  of  a  systematic  campaign  of  clean- 
liness,  both   physical   and   moral. 

Missionary  Leadership 

In  all  these  things  the  responsibility  for 
leadership,    which    is    also    an    opportunity, 


lies  largely  with  the  American  missionary, 
for  he  holds  a  peculiar  advantage.  No 
other  foreign  nation  can  claim  so  disin- 
terested an  attitude  towards  the  people, 
Moslem  and  Christian  alike,  as  America. 
The  Turkish  Government  recognizes  that 
the  purpose  has  been  purely  humanitarian. 
This  belief  has  played  a  large  part  in  pre- 
venting Turkey  from  going  to  war  with 
America.  American  philanthropy  has  not 
been  misunderstood. 

College  Influence 

Their  three  great  colleges,  the  Syrian 
Protestant  at  Beirut,  Robert  College  at 
Constantinople  for  men  and  the  American 
College  for  Girls  at  Constantinople  have 
always  been  granted  peculiar  privileges, 
and  now  is  the  day  of  their  opportunity. 
Through  them  and  the  six  hundred  and 
seventy-five  other  American  missionary 
schools  in  the  Turkish  Empire  with  their 
34,317  pupils  in  association  with  the  nearly 
seven  hundred  schools  of  the  French  and 
British,  will  flow  as  through  open  channels 
the  beneficent  influences  that  will  trans- 
form this  devastated  land.  Now  is  the 
hour  when  one  of  the  world's  greatest 
tragedies  can  be  followed  by  one  of  the 
world's  greatest  and  most  beneficent  con- 
tributions. Syria  devastated  can  become 
Syria  transformed. 


42 


MOHAMMEDAN  NORTH  AFRICA 


Samuel  M.  Zwemer,  D.  D. 


INTRODUCTORY 


Now  that  the  War  is  ended  the  future 
of  North  Africa  and  East  Africa  will  be 
definitely  determined  at  the  Peace  Table. 
In  the  period  of  reconstruction  that  fol- 
lows, due  emphasis  will  doubtless  be  given 
to  the  remarkable  loyalty  shown  by  the 
Moslem  populations  of  French,  British 
and  Italian  possessions.  Throughout  the 
entire  period  of  the  War  not  a  single 
Christian  in  North  Africa  lost  life,  limb 
or  property  because  of  Moslem  persecu- 
tion or  fanaticism.  The  end  of  subma- 
rine warfare  will  open  the  way  for  send- 
ing reenforcements  and  also  for  the  de- 
layed furloughs  of  missionaries  and  their 
families,  long  overdue.  When  the  large 
bodies  of  natives,  some  of  them  Chris- 
tians, who  were  drafted  into  labor  corps 
for  service  in  Europe  return  to  their 
homes  they  will  bring  with  them  a  new 
vision   of   their   strange   surroundings,   and 


become  ambassadors  in  hundreds  of  vil- 
lages of  Western  civilization  at  its  best 
and   at  its  worst. 

The  extensive  economic  development 
which  will  follow  an  open  door  policy 
after  the  war,  and  the  opening  of  the  new 
railways  referred  to  below,  will  doubt- 
less expose  the  Moslem  population  more 
than  ever  to  the  demoralizing  influences 
of  the  liquor  traffic  and  other  evils.  Steps 
should  be  taken  to  secure  restrictions  or 
areas  of  prohibition  at  the  Peace  Confer- 
ence. 

The  War  has  caused  the  construction 
of  a  number  of  railroads,  most  important 
among  them  being  the  line  that  crosses 
the  Suez  Canal  from  Egypt  and  binds 
Africa  to  Syria  and  the  Near  East.  The 
effect  of  this  line  in  bridging  together  two 
continents  socially  and  politically  cannot 
be   overestimated. 


ABYSSINIA 


Religious  Movement 
On  September  27th,  1916,  the  Emperor, 
Liju-Yasu,  who  became  a  Moslem  pervert 
through  German  influence,  was  deposed  by 
public  proclamation  and  the  following 
year  Waizeru  Zauditu,  a  daughter  of 
Menelik,  was  crowned  Empress.  This  im- 
portant event  was  followed  by  a  remark- 
able religious  movement  with  which  it 
doubtless  has  connection.  A  large  num- 
ber of  the  Moslem  population,  some  say 
ten  thousand,  have  been  baptized  into  the 
Christian  Church.  The  apostle  of  this 
movement  is  an  ex-Sheikh,  Zaccaria,  who 
has  changed  his  name  to  Noaye  Kristos, 
a  person  of  great  influence  in  Sokoto,  in 
the  Amhara  country  where  he  lives.  The 
movement  was  due  also  to  the   Scriptures 


distributed  by  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society  in  Abyssinia.  It  is  evangel- 
ical in  character.  Indeed  these  new  Chris- 
tians are  so  dissatisfied  with  the  dead 
forms  of  the  Coptic  Church  that  they  are 
organizing  classes  for  Scripture  study  and 
have  mobilized  some  five  hundred  men, 
who  are  serving  as  teachers. 

Bible  Society 

The  Abuna  or  Head  Bishop  who  con- 
trols one  hundred  thousand  ecclesiastics, 
has  shown  a  remarkably  friendly  spirit  to 
the  work  of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society.  They  have  established  a  depot 
at  the  Capital,  Adis-Ababa,  and  the  cir- 
culation of  the  Scriptures  has  been  phe- 
nomenal. 


43 


THE  ANGLO-EGYPTIAN  SUDAN 


The  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan  has  grown 
larger  by  an  entire  Province,  namely,  that 
of  Darfur,  which  was  annexed  because  of 
the  War.  It  has  a  population  estimated  at 
two  millions.  A  happy  relationship  ex- 
ists between  the  government  officials  and 
the  Missionaries.  In  the  Mongalla  Prov- 
ince the  director  of  Education  has  wel- 
comed the  work  of  the  Church  Mission- 
ary Society  and  encourages  the  natives  to 
send  their  children  to  the  schools.  He  has 
further  provided  that  the  Government 
will  not  establish  any  schools  in  this 
province    that    would    serve    as    rivals    if 


the  Mission  Society  meets  its  opportunities. 
The  proposal  sent  home  by  the  Rev.  A. 
Shaw,  the  Secretary  of  the  Mission,  is  that 
a  boarding  school  should  be  started  for 
the  sons  of  chiefs  near  the  port  of  Rejaf, 
and  on  the  lines  of  the  high  schools  so 
successfully  launched  at  Nemgo,  Ng'ora, 
and  other  places  in  Uganda.  This  is  to  be 
under  a  European  missionary,  assisted  by 
two  Baganda  masters.  The  Government 
has  promised  to  encourage  the  chiefs  to 
send  their  sons,  and  to  provide  a  suitable 
site.  The  teaching  will  be  entirely  Chris- 
tian. 


EGYPT 


Changing  Conditions 

Sultan  Hussein  Kamil  died  in  1917,  and 
was  succeeded  by  his  brother,  Ahmed 
Fuad  Pasha.  No  other  political  changes 
took  place  during  the  year.  The  loyalty 
of  the  people  which  had  been  in  many 
cases  by  persuasion  or  compulsion  rather 
than  by  conviction  has  become  more  in- 
telligent and  therefore  more  real  since 
the  successful  completion  of  the  Palestine 
Campaign,  the  subsequent  fall  of  Damas- 
cus and  the  collapse  of  the  Turkish  Em- 
pire. Not  least  among  these  educative 
forces  we  must  count  the  large  numbers 
of  Egyptian  Labor  Corps  who  helped  in 
the  building  of  railways  across  the  Canal 
and  who  followed  the  army  of  General 
Allenby  to  Jerusalem.  Perhaps  we  can 
best  express  the  result  of  the  War  upon 
the  Moslems  of  Egypt  by  saying  that  the 
Dar-ul-Islam,  the  House  of  Islam,  has 
been  so  shaken  by  the  earthquake  that  all 
the  windows  are  wide  open  and  the  doors 
have  fallen  off  their  hinges.  The  oppor- 
tunity for  tactful  and  loving  presentation 
of  the  gospel  is  unlimited  in  Egypt.  This 
is  true  of  every  grade  of  society,  but  the 
danger  also  is  real,  that  unless  these  open 
doors  are  entered  they  may  be  closed 
again  and  doubly  locked  from  the  inside. 

Students 

The  Student  classes  are  especially  ac- 
cessible, they  crowd  public  meetings,  ad- 
vocate social  reforms  and  are  eager  not 
only  for  controversial  but  for  construc- 
tive Christian  Literature.  Now  is  the  time 
to  present  Christ  in  such  a  way  that  He 
will    win   the   hearts    of    the    future    lead- 


ers of  Egypt.  The  methods  and  program 
of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion in  its  marvelous  work  for  the  sol- 
diers of  the  Empire  has  evoked  the  ap- 
proval and  even  the  enthusiasm  of  Copts 
and  Moslems. 

The  Press 

The  daily  press  of  Cairo,  English  and 
Arabic,  has  been  used  during  the  past  year 
as  an  Evangelistic  Agency.  In  one  case 
the  leading  Arabic  Daily  published  the 
Thanksgiving  sermon  preached  at  the 
American  Mission.  This  paper  has  a  cir- 
culation among  over  18,000  readers,  most 
of  whom  are  Moslems.  Probably  not  less 
than  25,000  Moslems  saw  the  sermon  and 
read  more  or  less  of  its   message. 

Since  Dr.  Zwemer's  return  from  China, 
an  increasing  number  of  young  teachers 
and  students  from  government  schools 
have  been  attending  the  Sunday  evening 
services.  The  students  from  fhe  Coptic 
College  and  Divinity  School  have  also 
come  freely,  a  fact  almost  as  remarkable 
as  the  presence  of  Mohammedan  students. 

One  of  the  hopeful  signs  of  the  times 
is  a  spiritual  revival  among  the  Copts.  In 
several  cities  of  Egypt  a  reform  move- 
ment has  been  started.  The  priesthood 
has  remained  stationary  while  hundreds  of 
the  younger  generation  have  secured  an 
education.  They  do  not  mince  their  words 
but  hold  their  spiritual  leaders  up  to  the 
sharpest  ridicule.  These  young  men  are 
restless.  They  do  not  respect  the  priests 
and  they  will  not  follow  them.  They  are 
rebellious  as  they  observe  the  intellectual 
inferiority  of  their  leaders.  But  they  will 
not  break  away  from  the  mother  church, 


44 


because  they  believe  they  can  regenerate 
her,  and  restore  to  her  something  of  her 
former   glory. 

Sunday  Schools 

The  Sunday  schools  of  Egypt  and  the 
Sudan  made  an  offering  last  Christmas  for 
the  children  in  Bible  lands  who  are  suf- 
fering on  account  of  the  war.  The  splen- 
did total  was  $r  1,900,  most  of  it  in  coins 
of  less  than  a  cent  in  value,  many  of  them 
as  small  as  one-eighth  of  a  cent — a  gift 
that   meant   real    sacrifice. 

Educational  Missions 

The  educational  work  of  the  various 
missions  has  never  been  so  encouraging  as 
at  the  present.  The  American  Mission 
schools  are  crowded  with  Moslem  pupils. 
The  words  of  Lord  Cromer  were  never 
so  true  "That  this  is  the  most  widely 
spread  and  most  beneficent  of  all  foreign 
agencies  engaged  in  the  diffusion  of  edu- 
cation on  the  Banks  of  the  Nile."  The 
plans  for  a  Christian  University  have  been 
in  abeyance  because  of  the  war  but  are 
not  less  important  and  urgent. 

Missionary  Conference 

In  April  a  Conference  of  Missionaries 
was  held  at  Mena  House,  near  Cairo.  The 
invitation  was  sent  out  by  the  Bishop  in 
Jerusalem  and  by  Dr.  S.  M.  Zwemer,  who 
presided.  The  purpose  of  the  Conference 
was  to  draw  together  for  mutual  counsel 
and  for  hearing  reports  of  the  present  con- 
dition of  the  work  in  Egypt,  with  regard 
to  future  developments  and  possible  united 
action. 

It  is  the  general  opinion  that  the  War 
has  compelled  people  to  consider  Christ 
and  Christianity  as  never  before.  They 
are  face  to  face  with  a  new  world  situa- 
tion which  fills •  them  with  dread. 

Moslems  and  the  Bible 

The  battlefield  has  changed  in  Egypt 
within  the  last  decade  as  regards  the  line 
of  opposition  to  gospel  preaching.  For- 
merly  the    arena    of    the   conflict    was   the 


Koran  and  Tradition;  now  it  is  the  Bible. 
Moslems  are  trying  everywhere  to  prove 
from  our  Scriptures  the  incorrectness  of 
our  teaching  and  are  trying  to  read  Mos- 
lem truths  into  the  Christian  Gospel.  The 
general  opinion  seems  to  be  that  at  present 
there  is  a  greater  willingness  to  converse 
along  religious  lines  and  that  the  corrup- 
tion of  the  Gospels  and  the  stumbling 
blocks  of  the  Incarnation  and  the  Atone- 
ment are  less  referred  to  than  formerly. 
There  is  increasing  interest  in  a  compari- 
son of  the  cardinal  points  that  distinguish 
the  two  religions.  Increasing  friendli- 
ness in  the  villages  of  the  Delta  is  due, 
we  are  told,  to  their  appreciation  of  mis- 
sionary character  and  the  Christian  minis- 
try of  kindness. 

Nile  Mission  Press 

The  Nile  Mission  Press  not  only  is  con- 
tinuing its  work  but  has  nearly  doubled 
its  output  during  the  past  year.  In  addi- 
tion Mr.  A.  T.  Upson,  its  Superintendent, 
has  conducted  a  Purity  Campaign  in  the 
cities  of  Cairo  and  Alexandria  which  has 
met  with  considerable  success.  His  evan- 
gelistic tour  in  the  Bahr-Yusuf  District 
marked  a  new  departure  in  tract  distri- 
bution among  Moslems.  This  district  had 
been  long  neglected  but  sixty-seven  towns 
and   villages   welcomed  the   preacher. 

A  Moslem  Apostle 

Not  only  Egypt  but  also  the  whole  Near 
East  mourns  the  death  of  Sheikh  Michail 
Mansur,  a  Moslem  Convert  and  Apostle, 
mighty  in  the  Scripture  and  learned  in  all 
the  wisdom  of  the  schools.  For  many 
years  he  addressed  large  gatherings  of 
Moslems,  three  times  a  week,  and  by  his 
life  and  work  won  many  to  himself  and 
to  his  Master.  The  Cairo  Study  Center 
and  the  Theological  Seminary  with  its 
school  for  Evangelists,  are  training  a  new 
leadership  to  meet  the  new  Era.  The 
Protestant  Church  has  organized  a  Lay- 
men's Missionary  Movement  which  has  for 
its  slogan  "Self-support  of  all  the  Church- 
es, and  Egypt  for  Christ." 


FRENCH  SOMALILAND 


The  railway  from  Djibuti  in  French 
Somaliland  to  the  Capital,  a  distance  of 
four  hundred  eighty-seven  miles,  has  now 
been    completed.    The    employees    on    this 


railway  are  many  of  them  Copts  from  the 
American  Mission  Schools  of  Egypt.  The 
time  seems  ripe  for  the  occupation  of  this 
great  field. 


45 


ITALIAN  SOMALILAND 


This  Colony  has  seen  economic  develop- 
ment during  the  past  year,  thirteen  wire- 
less stations  are  in  operation,  steamship 
service  has  begun  on  the  Juba  river  and 
the  seventy-four  miles  of  railroad  to  Mas- 


sawah  are  being  extended  one  hundred 
two  miles  beyond  to  Keren  and  Agordata. 
No  missionary  efforts  except  that  of  the 
Swedish  Evangelical  Society  at  Massawah 
touches  this  region. 


MOROCCO 


No  part  of  Africa  has  seen  a  larger  eco- 
nomic development  during  the  last  few 
years  than  this  country.  In  spite  of  Ger- 
man intrigue,  the  people  remained  firmly 
loyal  to  France  and  thousands  of  them  vol- 
unteered for  foreign  service  under  the 
French  colors.  This  was  due  in  no  small 
measure  to  the  effective  and  kindly  admin- 
istration of  the  Governor  M.  Grand-Cle- 
ment who  also  introduced  new  agricultural 
methods  and  reforms  which  proved  a  great 


benefit  to  the  people.  The  work  of  paci- 
fication and  reorganization  in  the  hinter- 
land was  carried  on  vigorously  but  in  such 
a  way  as  to  make  it  unnecessary  to  resort 
to  force.  France  has  been  a  builder  of 
roads.  Four  hundred  eighty  miles  of  rail- 
way are  open  to  traffic  and  six  hundred 
seventy  miles  are  under  construction.  The 
Missionaries  have  carried  on  their  work 
unhindered  and  the  attitude  of  most  of 
the   officials   is    friendly. 


TRIPOLI 


The  victory  of  British  forces  on  the 
Egyptian  frontier  to  the  west  over  the 
Senusi  Derwishes  has  had  its  distinct  dis- 
integrating effect  upon  this  movement 
throughout  all  Tripoli.  The  railway  line 
now  extends  from  the  Coast  to  Henshir-el- 
Abiat.      Three    hundred    twenty-one    miles 


are  in  operation.  We  may  look  forward 
to  the  time  when  this  line  is  linked  up 
with  the  railway  system  of  Egypt.  The 
few  Missionaries  have  been  greatly  hin- 
dered in  their  work  by  the  disturbances  of 
the  War,  but  it  would  seem  that  a  new 
dav  is  before  them. 


TUNIS  AND  ALGERIA 


Friendly  Officials 

In  both  of  these  countries  there  has  been 
a  distinct  advance  in  the  amicable  rela- 
tions between  the  authorities  and  the  Mis- 
sionary Societies.  In  Tunis  the  Moham- 
medan Governor,  through  the-  influence  of 
the  French  President,  recently  granted  to 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Missionaries  a 
formal  right  to  hold  property  and  conduct 
mission  work.  The  new  Governor  General 
of  Algeria,  M.  Jonnart,  also  has  shown  a 
friendly  interest  in  the  Educational  and 
Industrial  enterprises  of  the  various  Mis- 
sions. In  both  countries  the  native  popu- 
lation remained  loyal  to  their  rulers.  From 
Tunis  alone  no  less  than  thirty-five  thou- 
sand Moslem  troops  have  served  in  Eu- 
rope under  the  French  colors.  The  build- 
ing of  roads  and  railways  has  continued. 
The  fact  that  Algeria  now  has  two  thou- 
sand one  hundred  forty-two  miles  of  rail- 
way in  operation  and  no  less  than  eigh- 
teen thousand  miles  of  telephones,  is  not 
without  significance  for  the  kingdom. 


Unhindered  Work 

The  workers  of  the  North  Africa  Mis- 
sion and  those  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church  have  continued  their  work  un- 
hindered. There  have  been  new  develop- 
ments along  the  line  of  boarding  schools 
and  the  preparation  of  literature  in  the 
colloquial.  The  Methodist  Missionaries 
plan  the  occupation  of  new  centers  in  the 
hinterland  in  connection  with  their  Cen- 
tenary program. 

Christian  Literature 

The  prohibitive  price  of  paper  has  in- 
terfered with  plans  for  publication  but  we 
note  with  pleasure  an  additional  colored 
picture  series  of  books  for  children,  among 
them  the  story  of  Saint  Christopher,  is- 
sued in  memory  of  Nurse  Edith  Cavell  by 
a  cousin  of  hers.  Much  other  literary  ma- 
terial lies  waiting  for  better  days.  Mean- 
while in  Egypt  with  less  publication  diffi- 
culties at  least  some  of  this  material  is  ap- 
pearing in  print  through  the  Nile  Mission 
Press. 


NEGRO  AFRICA 

Rev.  James  Dexter  Taylor 


AFRICA  AND  THE  WAR 


Introduction 

It  is  difficult  for  those  whose  entire  at- 
tention has  been  so  long  centered  on  the 
Western  Front  to  realize  the  very  great 
importance  of  the  military  activities  in 
Africa  and  their  effect  on  mission  work. 
Territories  five  times  as  great  in  area  as 
the  German  Empire  have  been  conquered 
from  the  enemy.  Some  13,000,000  people 
have  been  freed  from  the  oppressive  rule 
of  Germany  and  are  thrown  upon  the  al- 
lied nations  as  one  of*  the  largest  prob- 
lems of  the  new  democracy.  Thousands 
of  Africans  have  left  their  homes  to  take 
part  in  the  war.  Native  Christian  trans- 
port companies  rendered  splendid  service 
in  the  East  African  campaign,  saving  the 
situation  there  when  the  tsetse  fly  de- 
stroyed the  animal  transport  and  African 
rains  and  sand  defeated  motor  transport. 
Native  troops  from  West  Africa  assisted 
in  the  fighting  in  East  Africa,  as  well  as 
in  Togoland  and  the  Kamerun.  Twenty 
thousand  Bantu  from  South  Africa  served 
as  a  labor  contingent  in  France.  Another 
twenty  thousand  were  drivers  in  German 
East  Africa  and  about  167,000  natives 
served  as  carriers.  Such  are  some  of  the 
items  of  Africa's  share  in  the  great  strug- 
gle. Now  that  peace  has  come  we  may 
attempt  to  estimate  some  of  the  effects  of 
the  War  upon  African  missions  and  some 
of  the  problems  that  African  missions  will 
face  in  the  days  of  reconstruction  just 
ahead. 

Christian  Africans 

I.  In  so  far  as  they  have  been  permit- 
ted to  have  a  part,  the  Christian  and  edu- 
cated Africans  have  justified  the  labor  ex- 
pended upon  them  and  have  given  a  good 
account  of  themselves.  That  some  of  the 
ordained  native  chaplains  with  the  South 
African  Native  Labor  Contingent  failed  to 
measure  up  to  what  was  expected  of  them 
and  had  to  be  repatriated  does  not  detract 


materially  from  the  record.  These  men 
were  promised  the  rating  and  perquisites 
of  non-commissioned  officers  and  were 
then,  doubtless  through  military  necessity, 
reduced  to  the  status  of  privates.  Many 
of  them  had  for  years  been  accustomed 
to  the  homage  paid  to  the  minister  as  the 
educated  "parson"  of  a  largely  illiterate 
community,  a  community  accustomed  to 
reverence  their  chiefs  and  medicine  priests. 
The  native  clergymen  failed  to  adapt  them- 
selves to  a  hard  and  somewhat  humiliat- 
ing requirement  and  thereby  lost  a  great 
opportunity.  The  churches  responsible  for 
their  training  are  very  properly  searching 
their  hearts  whether  they  have  European- 
ized  them  and  alienated  them  from  the 
life  of  their  people,  but  if  we  compare 
the  incident  with  the  protest  of  the  Amer- 
ican chaplains  against  the  order  to  remove 
all  insignia  of  rank,  there  may  be  some- 
thing yet  to  be  said  by  way  of  excuse  for 
the    native   chaplain. 

Christian  natives  were  the  first  to  vol- 
unteer in  South  Africa.  They  followed 
their  own  missionaries  devotedly  in  the 
East  African  transport  service.  They  won 
the  highest  praise  for  efficiency  and  wil- 
lingness on  the  western  front. 

German  Missions 

With  the  exception  of  the  societies  in 
the  South  African  Union,  German  mission 
work  which  was  extensive  in  all  the  Ger- 
man possessions,  has  been  entirely  sus- 
pended during  the  war.  In  South  Africa 
the  German  mission  schools  were  placed 
under  direct  control  of  the  Government 
Education  Department,  but  otherwise  Ger- 
man missions  have  continued  their  work 
unhampered  except  by  financial  conditions. 
In  the  conquered  territories  heavy  burdens 
have  been  thrown  upon  American  and 
British  societies  in  caring  for  the  congre- 
gations thus  deprived  of  spiritual  leader- 
ship. 


47 


Famine 

The  difficulties  of  shipping  have  so 
raised  the  cost  of  living  as  to  seriously 
handicap  the  efforts  of  the  native  church 
toward  self-support  and  especially  in  the 
sub-continent  has  created  distress  and  led 
to  unsettled  social  conditions.  War  con- 
ditions together  with  floods  or  drought 
have  led  to  actual  famine  in  certain  areas, 
notably  Portuguese  East  Africa  and  what 
was  German  East. 

Broadened  Horizon 

The  mental  horizon  of  the  African  has 
been  immensely  broadened  by  the  war. 
Those  who  have  journeyed  have  new  con- 
ceptions 'of  the  world  and  those  concep- 
tions will  penetrate  to  the  masses  faster 
than  the  geography  taught  in  the  schools. 
They  have  formed  new  impressions  of  our 
civilization,  usually  under  the  most  unfa- 
vorable conditions.  Those  who  have  re- 
mained behind  have  seen  the  aeroplane  and 
the  big  gun  far  from  the  railway  in  the 
land  of  the  lion  and  the  elephant.  Through 
the  mission  church  and  school  and  the  re- 
cruiting meetings  new  and  big  ideas  of 
world  thought,  of  democracy,  of  self-de- 
termination of  races  have  filtered  through 
to  the  race  most  needing  the  blessings  of 
the  new  age,  least  ready  for  its  responsi- 
bilities. 

Problems  of  Peace 

II.  Such  measure  of  self-determination 
and  self-government  as  he  is  capable  of 
exercising  must  be  secured  for  the  Afri- 
can races  by  the  Christian  conscience  of 
the  world,  not  only  in  former  German  ter- 
ritories, but  in  all  of  Africa.  The  pro- 
posal of  the  2,000  American  negroes  in 
New  York  who  celebrated  the  armistice  by 


a  meeting  in  which  they  demanded  that 
the  German  colonies  be  handed  over  to 
their  native  inhabitants  is  too  Quixotic  to 
be  considered,  but  whether  these  territo- 
ries remain  British  and  French  or  whether 
they  are  governed  by  an  international 
league,  or  whether  they  come  under  the 
tutelage  of  America  (as  has  been  sug- 
gested, first  by  a  Canadian  missionary  and 
later  in  the  secular  press),  provision  must 
be  made  for  the  education  and  Christian- 
ization  of  the  natives,  for  security  of  land 
tenure,  for  industrial  and  social  improve- 
ment that  shall  ensure  their  sharing  in 
the  prosperity  which  the  development  of 
their  country's  resources  will  produce,  and 
provision  for  a  gradual  entry  into  the 
privileges  of  self-government  and  citizen- 
ship. 

Unrest 

Upon  Christian  missions  will  fall  the 
responsibility  for  calming  the  fever  of  un- 
rest which  the  conditions  of  the  war  have 
produced. 

Training  for  Civilization 

The  gap  between  paganism  and  civiliza- 
tion must  be  bridged  by  industrial  educa- 
tion and  training  in  social  responsibility, 
while  the  dangers  of  civilization  as  he 
meets  it  in  the  European  labor  centers 
must  be  mitigated  by  the  Christianization 
of  his  social  contacts  through  the  institu- 
tional church. 

Liquor  Problem 

The  liquor  problem  will  loom  larger 
than  ever  before  and  while  the  nations  are 
in  a  mood  to  act  on  a  high  plane  of  Chris- 
tian idealism  the  dragon  of  drink  should 
receive   its   death   blow. 


SENEGAL  TO  KAMERUN 


Effects  of  the  War 

The  report  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodist 
Missionary  Society  that  outside  the  areas 
where  fighting  has  occurred  the  effects  of 
the  war  are  mainly  commercial  will  apply 
to  all  societies  in  these  areas.  West  Coast 
industries  and  trade  have  suffered  with  re- 
sultant financial  strain  for  the  Missions 
and  their  people.  The  delay  of  mission- 
ary furloughs  in  these  tropical  regions  has 
been  a  serious  matter,  especially  for 
women  missionaries.  Schools  have  been 
handicapped  by  the  high  price  of  books 
and    other    supplies.      Medical    work    has 


been  hampered  by  inability  to  secure  some 
of  the  most  essential  drugs.  Building  op- 
erations   have    been    practically    suspended. 

Togoland 

In  Togoland  all  German  mission  work 
was  suspended.  In  the  British  portion  the 
United  Free  Church  of  Scotland  has  taken 
over  by  the  request  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment. 

Kamerun 

In  the  Kamerun  the  natives  have  suf- 
fered severely  by  the  depreciation  of  the 


German  mark  till  it  reached  the  low  level 
of  seven  pence.  The  year  has  been  one 
of  readjustment  for  the  Presbyterian  Mis- 
sion in  the  Kamerun  owing  to  the  neces- 
sity of  substituting  French  for  German 
in  the  schools  and  the  fact  that  it  has  been 
successfully  accomplished  speaks  well  for 
the  elasticity  of  die  native  mind.  Two 
hundred  thousand  persons  are  said  to  have 
lost  their  lives  during  the  Kamerun  cam- 
paign but  the  wonderful  growth  of  the 
church  has  not  been  checked. 

Liberia 

Liberia  obtained  a  loan  of  $5,000,000 
from  the  United  States  on  her  declaration 
of  war  against  Germany  to  enable  the  lit- 
tle republic  to  place  herself  in  a  state  of 
greater  efficiency.  Proposals  are  abroad 
looking  to  the  absorption  of  Liberia  into 
a  confederation  of  West  African  states. 
It  would  be  a  pity  if  the  one  African  re- 
public were  to  lose  its  identity  as  a  sov- 
ereign state.  But  if  Liberia  is  to  hold  its 
own  against  the  more  efficiently  governed 
territories  which  border  it  and  free  itself 
from  the  jealousy  of  those  European 
neighbors  it  would  seem  that  it  should 
seek  closer  relations  with  the  United 
States  and  benefit  by  the  experience  this 
country  has  gained  in  the  uplifting  of  the 
Cubans  and  the  Filippinos  to  efficient  self- 
government. 


Political  Conditions  Affecting  Mission 
Work 

Nigeria,  which  is,  after  India,  the  most 
important  tropical  dependency  of  Great 
Britain,  by  its  enlightened  policy  of  en- 
couraging the  native  populations  to  de- 
velop the  country's  resources  affords  a 
most  promising  experiment  in  bringing  out 
the  natural  capacities  of  the  African.  A 
new  and  important  sea  port  has  been  built 
during  the  war  at  Port  Harcourt  as  an 
outlet  to  a  newly  discovered  coal  field  in 
the  Udi  district.  Twenty  thousand  na- 
tives are  already  at  the  port  and  similar 
conditions  prevail  at  the  coal  field,  offer- 
ing a  new  opportunity  and  a  new  problem 
in  the  Christianizing  of  new  and  unfamil- 
iar industrial  and  social  conditions. 

Opposition  from  the  French  colonial  au- 
thorities is  being  experienced  by  mission- 
aries in  the  French  Gold  Coast  with  the 
result  that  a  promising  new  enterprise  of 
the  English  Wesleyan  Methodists  is  held 
up.     In  that  portion  of  Togoland  assigned 


to  France  educational  work  is  handicapped 
by  the  withdrawal  of  government  aid  to 
the  schools,  it  being  contrary  to  French 
policy  to  aid  schools  maintained  by  re- 
ligious bodies.  This  taken  with  the  diffi- 
culty of  securing  teachers  able  to  teach 
French  and  the  lack  of  interest  on  the 
part  of  the  natives  in  vernacular  educa- 
tion, has  been  a  severe  handicap  to  edu- 
cation. 

That  the  change  of  government  in  the 
British  portion  of  Togoland  has  been  for 
the  benefit  of  the  native  appears  from  the 
fact  that  already  they  have  thirty-three  per 
cent,  more  land  under  cultivation  than  at 
any  period  under  German  rule.  This  is 
owing  to  the  abolition  of  forced  labor  and 
the  resumption  of  farming  operations  near 
highway  and  railroad,  which  had  been 
abandoned  under  German  rule  to  escape 
the  unwelcome  attention  of  the  officials. 

The  Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance 
reports  an  advance  into  the  French  Su- 
dan with  the  full  approval  of  the  local  of- 
ficials. 

Mass   Movements   Toward   Christianity 

In  most  of  the  section  of  West  Africa 
under  review  and  especially  in  Nigeria  a 
remarkable  mass  movement  is  in  progress. 
The  problem  is  no  longer  one  of  seeking 
converts  but  of  training  the  hundreds  and 
thousands  who  are  seeking  baptism  and 
of  building  up  the  native  church. 

In  Sierra  Leone  the  conservatism  of  the 
heathen  is  breaking  down  in  the  eagerness 
of  the  people  for  education  and  the  con- 
servatism of  the  church  is  breaking  down 
in  a  new  zeal  to  reach  the  pagan  communi- 
ties. 

In  Nigeria  the  mass  movement  probably 
surpasses  all  records  in  the  annals  of  mod- 
ern missions  (C.  M.  S.  Review,  Dec,  1917)- 
The  increase  in  baptisms  reaches  as  high 
as  1600  per  cent,  in  a  ten-year  period.  The 
movement  already  exceeds  the  mass  move- 
ments of  India,  from  which  it  differs  in 
that  while  the  Indian  movement  is  one  of 
villages  and  communities,  that  of  Yoru- 
baland  is  one  of  individuals.  A  further 
distinctive  feature  is  that  it  is  a  movement 
largely  of  young  men,  the  girls  and  women 
being  yet  hardly   touched. 

The  Qua  Iboe  Mission  along  with  sev- 
eral others  reports  missionaries  working  at 
high  pressure  unable  to  deal  with  the  sit- 
uation and  thousands  waiting  for  baptism. 
This  softening  of  the  hard  crust  of 
heathenism  is  accompanied  in  most  of 
these  fields  by 


49 


Quickening  in  the  Native  Church 

The  Liberian  church  of  the  American 
Episcopal  body  has  progressed  so  far  in 
self-support  that  consideration  is  being 
given  to  a  proposal  for  the  appointment 
of  a  Liberian  bishop  and  the  Bishop  on  the 
field  declares  that  if  sufficient  aid  could 
be  received  from  the  United  States  Li- 
beria would  be  evangelized  in  a  few  years. 
Ten  thousand  dollars  has  already  been 
raised  in  Liberia  toward  the  erection  of 
a  new  College  of  West  Africa  under  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

The  Southern  Baptist  Convention  reports 
such  eagerness  among  the  young  men  ot 
a  certain  station  in  Nigeria  to  extend  the 
Kingdom  that  it  has  created  quite  a  prob- 
lem for  the  mission.  Church  buildings 
are  overflowed. 

The  Western  Equatorial  Diocese  of  the 
Anglican  church  in  the  Gold  Coast  reports 
great  impetus  given  to  evangelism  by  the 
introduction  of  more  self-government  and 
the  principle  of  supporting  new  work  by 
native  funds  only. 

The  wonderful  evangelistic  revival  in 
the  Presbyterian  Mission  of  the  Kamerun 
continues.  The  pledging  of  time  to  evan- 
gelistic effort,  which  was  so  marked  a  fea- 
ture of  the  revival  in  Korea  has  become  a 
means  of  great  power  here.  Two  stations, 
Efulen  and  Alum,  have  pledged  days  which 
total  almost  26  years  of  time.  Five,  thou- 
sand of  the  7,500  converts  of  last  year 
were  Avon  by  these  volunteer  workers. 
The  church  is  making  strides  toward  self- 
support  also,  having  introduced  a  system  of 
every  member  systematically  giving. 

Unity  and  Cooperation 

In  Nigeria  the  Primitive  Methodist  Mis- 
sion, finding  itself  ringed  in,  has  been 
obliged  to  advance  across  occupied  terri- 
tory or  be  content  with  a  very  restricted 
field.  The  Boundary  Missionary  Confer- 
ence consisting  of  the  Anglican,  Primitive 
Methodist,  United  Free  Church  of  Scot- 
land, Qua  Iboe,  Wesleyan  and  Sudan 
United  Missions  has  reviewed  the  whole 
situation  with  a  purpose  to  avoid  overlap- 


ping. It  is  proposed  to  establish  a  board 
of  experienced  missionaries  to  arrange  for 
cooperative  efforts.  The  establishment  of 
the  Union  Theological  School  at  Fourah 
Bay  -  College,  Sierra  Leone'  (1917),  has 
proven  already  a  boon  to  the  cooperat- 
ing missions. 

Mohammedanism 

Mohammedan  priests  have  acted  as 
chaplains  of  pagan  battalions  in  the 
Egyptian  Sudan  and  the  natives,  returning 
to  their  homes,  have  brought  the  faith  with 
them.  The  prestige  of  the  Mohammedan 
soldier  has  been  increased  by  his  part  in 
the  Kamerun  campaign  and  in  East  Af- 
rica. The  Wesleyan  Mission  reports  that 
the  Mohammedan  propagandist  builds  on 
the  missionary's  foundations,  coming  in 
when  religious  desires  have  been  awak- 
ened and  diverting  them  to  the  mosque. 
The  French  government  has  forbidden  the 
use  of  Arabic  in  the  schools  of  the  French 
Sudan  and  is  concerned  about  the  Mo- 
hammedan advance  in  the  Shari-Chad  dis- 
trict. It  has  been  proposed  that  an  Anglo- 
American  missionary  commission  be  ap- 
pointed to  study  strategic  lines  for  stem- 
ming  the    Mohammedan   advance. 

Liquor  Traffic 

The  Synod  of  Equatorial  Africa  has 
adopted  resolutions  calling  upon  the  pow- 
ers dealing  with  Africa  to  see  that  the 
liquor  restrictions  of  the  Brussels  Confer- 
ence are  enforced  and  extended.  Sir  F. 
Lugard  urges  that  as  Nigeria  has  made 
good  from  other  sources  the  revenue  of 
£1,400,000  lost  by  the  suspension  of  the 
importation  of  liquor  she  continue  to  do 
so.  The  Primitive  Methodist  Society's 
annual  report  cries  out  against  the  fact 
that  while  room  is  found  on  ships  for  rum 
to  debauch  the  West  Coast  natives,  mis- 
sionaries are  held  back  who  are  urgently 
needed  for  the  ripe  fields  of  Nigeria.  At 
the  request  of  the  Emir  of  Kano  the  sale 
of  liquor  has  been  prohibited  in  certain 
defined  areas  of  his  kingdom. 


FRENCH  CONGO  TO  SOUTH  WEST  AFRICA 


Mass  Movements 

The  Mass  Movements  are  in  evidence 
even  as  far  south  as  the  Congo.  The  Bap- 
tist Missionary  Society  (British)  reports 
1000  converts  on  probation  and  perplexity 


as  to  how  they  can  be  handled.  The  Chris- 
tian and  Missionary  Alliance  reports  the 
largest  number  of  communicants  received 
in  any  one  year  in  any  of  its  fields.  The 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South  (a  war 
mission,   having  been   established   in    1914) 


50 


is  reported  to  be  growing  rapidly.  The 
Southern  Presbyterians  report  the  largest 
increase  in  their  history,  over  3000  acces- 
sions, and  the  stiffening  up  of  require- 
ments to  ensure  the  quality  of  those  re- 
ceived. 

Unoccupied  Territory 

The  Christian  Missionary  Alliance  has 
determined  to  advance  into  French  Congo 
as  soon  as  the  necessary  workers  can  be 
found.  The  Africa  Inland  Mission  has 
begun  work  amongst  several  unevangel- 
ized  tribes  in  Eastern  Belgian  Congo. 

The  American  Board  has  entered  upon 
an  interesting  and  promising  experiment 
in  Angola  by  the  commissioning  of  Rev. 
and  Mrs.  H.  C.  McDowell.  They  are  mis- 
sionaries representing  the  colored  Congre- 
gational churches  of  America.  It  is  hoped 
as  the  movement  grows  among  the  colored 
churches  to  establish  a  new  station  en- 
tirely sustained  by  them  in  an  unevan- 
gelized  portion  of  the  field. 

Cooperation  and  Unity 

The  largest  Conference  of  Protestant 
Missions    yet    held    in   the    Belgian    Congo 


met  in  February,  1918,  at  Luebo.  Nine 
out  of  the  fourteen  societies  in  the  prov- 
ince were  represented.  The  union  train- 
ing school  of  the  British  and  American 
Baptists  at  Kimpese  reports  a  good  year. 

Liquor  Legislation 

It  is  reported  that  the  Government  of 
the  Belgian  Congo  has  adopted  the  strong- 
est bone  dry  prohibition  law  for  natives 
of  any  European  possession  in  Africa. 

War  Items 

Freight  rates  to  the  Congo  have  been 
prohibitive  even  when  shipping  was  avail- 
able. Great  ingenuity  and  resource  has 
been  manifested  by  the  missionaries  in  the 
substitution  of  local  products  such  as 
manioc,  plantains,  etc.,  for  flour,  and 
syrups  have  been  produced  for  sugar  sub- 
stitutes. 

The  Native  Church 

Progress  in  self-support  is  reported  by 
the  Congo  mission  of  the  American  Bap- 
tists and  the  opening  of  new  outstations 
under  native  leaders. 


SOUTH  AFRICA 


Political  and  Social  Conditions 

The  outstanding  fact  in  the  Union  of 
South  Africa  during  1918  has  been  the 
continued  tension  among  the  natives  ow- 
ing to  the  uncertainties  regarding  the  Na- 
tive Land  Act  and  to  stress  of  economic 
conditions  due  to  the  war.  After  clinging 
tenaciously  to  the  Native  Land  Act 
through  the  whole  period  of  the  war  thus 
far  against  the  universal  protests  of  the 
natives  and  almost  equally  universal  pro- 
tests of  religious  bodies  and  of  the  Brit- 
ish section  of  the  public  of  South  Africa 
the  legislation  has  at  last  been  abandoned, 
at  least  for  the  present.  This  legislation 
inaugurated  in  191 1  aimed  to  divide  the 
entire  country  into  European  and  native 
areas  which  should  gradually  become  mu- 
tually exclusive,  through  the  operation  of 
the  law  that  a  person  wishing  to  sell  with- 
in an  area  of  either  sort  could  sell  only 
to  the  class  for  which  the  said  area  was 
delimited.  It  must  be  admitted  that  the  leg- 
islation had,  in  the  hands  of  a  select  com- 
mittee of  Parliament,  taken  on  marked  im- 
provements and  held  a  promise  of  some 
beneficial  reforms  in  the  direction  of  self- 


government  in  native  areas.  These  re- 
forms were  secured  largely  by  missionary 
influence.  But  when  local  delimitation 
commissions  in  the  several  provinces  were 
set  to  review  the  work  of  the  original  com- 
mission it  proved  impossible  to  secure  for 
the  natives  an  equitable  division  of  the 
lands  against  the  powerful  European  sense 
of  self-interest.  The  loyalty  of  the  na- 
tives has  been  under  severe  strain  through- 
out the  war  on  account  of  their  suspicion 
of  this  legislation  and  it  is  to  their  credit 
that  they  have  remained  quiet.  The  with- 
drawal of  the  Act  does  not  solve  the  press- 
ing land  problem  of  South  Africa,  and  it 
is  to  be  hoped  that  when  more  settled  times 
have  come  new  legislation  will  be  framed, 
based  not  on  the  selfish  interests  of  one 
section  of  the  white  race,  as  this  Act  was 
in  its  initiation,  but  based  on  a  scientific 
study  of  the  whole  situation.  Individual 
land  tenure,  training  in  agriculture  and 
a  measure  of  self-government  are  essen- 
tial for  the  natives  if  they  are  to  develop 
with  the  rapid  development  of  the  South 
African   State. 

The  hardships  of  war  prices  on   a  pre- 
war scale  of  wages  have  led  to  a  new  de- 


velopment  among  the  natives,  strikes, 
which  threaten  to  become  countrywide. 
Harsh  treatment  was  meted  out  by  the 
local  courts  in  Johannesburg  to  the  strik- 
ers from  the  sanitary  department,  so  harsh 
in  contrast  to  the  attitude  shown  toward 
white  strikers  a  few  days  earlier  that  the 
European  (white)  press  protested  and  a 
commissioner  was  appointed  to  investigate 
the  natives'  grievances.  The  government's 
good  faith  was  shown  in  the  selection  of 
the  chief  magistrate  of  the  Transkei,  a 
grandson  of  Robert  Moffat.  The  strike 
spirit  has  extended  to  Natal.  Accusations 
are  common  that  the  natives  have  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  agitators. who  are  using 
them  for  their  own  purposes,  but  the  true 
explanation  is  doubtless  that  the  war  has 
brought  even  to  the  African  not  only  per- 
sonal hardships  but  a  desire  to  share  in 
the  enlarging  privileges  of  those  who  have 
so  long  been  the  under  dog. 

Social  unrest  has  been  reflected  in 
church  life.  There  has  been  a  resurgence 
of  Ethiopian  spirit  especially  in  those 
churches  most  directly  affected  by  the 
Rand.  The  situation  for  the  State,  the 
church  and  the  natives  is   full  of   danger. 

An  increasing  interest  is  being  shown  by 
the  leading  white  people  of  South  Africa 
in  native  questions  and  a  more  favorable 
attitude  toward  missions  and  native  edu- 
cation is  emerging.  Instances  of  the  new 
attitude  are  to  be  found  in  the  cordial  re- 
ception of  a  recent  native  teachers'  con- 
ference in  Durban  by  the  Governor-gen- 
eral and  a  committee  of  Durban's  leading 
citizens,  and  the  inclusion  in  the  program 
of  the  South  African  Society  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science  of  a  study  of  na- 
tive education. 

In  Rhodesia  a  long  standing  and  impor- 
tant land  question  has  been  settled  by  the 
Privy  Council.  The  decision  was  against 
the  claims  of  the  Chartered  Company  and 
the  title  to  millions  of  acres  of  land  in- 
volved is  declared  vested  in  the  crown. 
The  interests  of  the  natives  are  thereby 
ensured.  The  Aborigines  Protection  Soci- 
ety, which  has  been  conducting-  the  case 
for  the  natives,  characterizes  its  work  as 
the  most  important  since  the  abolition  of 
slavery. 

Liquor  Legislation 

In  the  face  of  all  the  evidence  of  the 
evils  wrought  by  Cape  wines  amongst  the 
native  and  colored  people  of  the  Cape 
Province,  evils  so  obvious  that  Judge 
Kotze  at  a  recent  session  of  the  criminal 
court   in    Capetown   took   occasion   to   call 


public  attention  to  them  from  the  bench, 
a  select  committee  of  parliament  has  re- 
ported in  favor  of  establishing  canteens 
for  the  sale  of  beer  and  light  wines  to  na- 
tives on  the  Rand.  The  only  reason  as- 
signed is  the  appalling  increase  in  the  con- 
victions for  illicit  liquor  traffic  on  the 
Rand.  To  decrease  the  number  of  viola- 
tions of  the  law  the  law  must  be  relaxed. 
In  the  face  of  an  increase  in  the  sales 
of  native  beer  under  the  Durban  monopoly 
system  by  four  hundred  per  cent,  since  the 
system  was  introduced  and  in  the  face  of 
the  evidence  above  referred  to  the  pro- 
posed relaxations  of  the  law  seem  crim- 
inally stupid.  The  sale  of  native  beer  in 
Durban  now  amounts  to  over  $10,000  per 
month.  In  Barotseland  the  King,  Lilia,  in 
March  of  the  present  year  manifested  his 
attitude  toward  intoxicants  when,  his  na- 
tive police  having  seized  twelve  large  pots 
of  beer,  the  King  took  it  on  a  canoe  to 
the  middle  of  the  Zambesi  and  personally 
broke  the  pots  and  poured  the  beer  into 
the  stream. 

New  Enterprises 

The  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion has  entered  during  1918  upon  definite 
work  for  colored  and  native  women  by 
the  opening  in  Capetown  of  a  hostel  for 
their  use. 

Cooperation 

The  Wesleyan  Conference  has  voted 
that  its  native  ministerial  training  shall  be 
done  in  connection  with  the  native  college 
(Inter-State),  at  Fort  Hare  and  is  pro- 
ceeding to  erect  a  hostel  for  the  purpose. 

Special 

The  American  Red  Cross  Unit  proceed- 
ing to  Palestine  had  an  opportunity  to  see 
the  mission  work  in  South  Africa  and  to 
bring  the  greetings  and  cheer  of  the  great 
American  republic  to  the  younger  state  of 
South  Africans. 

The  retirement  of  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Wil- 
loughby  following  upon  the  death,  first  of 
Rev.  A.  J.  Wookey  and  then  of  Rev.  Cul- 
len  Reed,  both  in  1917,  leaves  the  London 
Missionary  Society  bereaved  indeed.  The 
General  Missionary  Conference  of  South 
Africa  and  the  missionary  cause  gener- 
ally loses  three  outstanding  personalities  frt 
these  men.  Mr.  Willoughby  has  just  com- 
pleted a  very  valuable  piece  of  investiga- 
tion for  the  Conference  in  the  relation  of 
native  customs  to   Christianity. 


52 


EAST  AFRICA 


New  Enterprises 

The  most  noteworthy  factor  in  the  East 
African  missionary  situation  is  the  re- 
markable number  of  new  workers  sent 
out  by  the  Africa  Inland  Mission  which  is 
building  up  a  chain  of  stations  extending 
across  British  East  Africa  into  the  Bel- 
gian Congo  and  is  also  taking  over  a  large 
number  of  stations  of  the  German  mis- 
sions in  what  was  German  East  Africa. 
As  a  result  of  the  public  sympathy  aroused 
with  the  personal  losses  of  the  group  of 
missionaries  who  barely  escaped  with  their 
lives  in  the  loss  of  the  ship  City  of  Athens 
last  year  a  new  home  base  of  this  mission 
has   been  opened  in   South  Africa. 

The  Native  Church 

The  Uganda  church  of  the  Church  Mis- 
sionary Society  is  developing  strong  mis- 
sionary zeal  and  capacity.  Its  mission  in 
the  Egyptian  Sudan  founded  in  1915  is  se- 
curing favor  with  Mohammedans.  The 
vast  unevangelized  Gulu  districts  lying  be- 
tween the  Sudan  and  Uganda  are  begin- 
ning to  feel  the  effect.  To  the  southwest, 
the  Kiziba  district  formerly  occupied  by 
the  German  Lutherans,  has  been  taken 
over  and  the  number  of  out  stations  has 
already  been  nearly  doubled.  In  the  Bu- 
kedi  province  with  a  population  of  450,000, 
speaking  seven  languages,  the  Church  Mis- 
sionary Society  has  recently  established  an 
important  rural  school  system  in  four 
grades  from  village  school  to  high  school. 

The  mass  movements  which  have  char- 
acterized Uganda  and  Nyassaland  con- 
tinue. The  Nyassaland  Mission  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Church  reports  more 
than  2000  baptisms  for  last  year.  The 
Church  Missionary  Society  reports  the 
rapid  growth  among  the  Kavirondo  as 
"cause  for  anxiety." 

War  Items 

Nowhere  has  the  suffering  caused  by  the 
war  been  more  general  than  in  British 
Central  Africa  and  German  Bast  Africa. 
All  Church  Missionary  Society  work  in 
German  East  Africa  was  suspended.  Na- 
tive teachers  were  roughly  handled  and 
beaten  to  make  them  testify  to  disloyalty 
on  the  part  of  their  white  missionaries  but 
they  without   exception   remained   faithful. 


Practically  all  the  native  Christians  suf- 
fered persecution  at  the  hands  of  either 
the  Askari   or  German  soldiery. 

In  spite  of  these  conditions  native  work- 
ers, though  receiving  no  salaries,  kept  the 
work  of  the  Church  Missionary  Society 
going  throughout   the  field. 

The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
established  a  hut  for  native  and  colored 
troops  in  Dar-es-Salaam  and  the  negro 
secretaries  made  a  worthy  record. 

Famine  conditions  were  reported  in  the 
early  part  of  the  year  from  the  Africa 
Inland  Mission's  field  in  Nyassaland.  Sim- 
ilar conditions  resulting  even  in  cases  of 
cannibalism  are  reported  from  the  Church 
Missionary  Society  field  in  Uganda. 

War  demands  have  made  Government 
Education  Departments  loath  to  give  new 
or  increased  grants  for  native  schools. 

Half  the  male  force  of  the  Church  of 
Scotland  mission  was  engaged  in  war  serv- 
ice during  1917. 

Lack  of  workers  is  causing  grave  con- 
cern in  the  United  Free  Church  of  Scot- 
land in  Livingstonia  and  in  fact  in  many 
of  the  African  fields. 

Cooperation  and  Union 

The  Kikuyu  Conference,  already  famous 
for  its  strong  stand  for  union  on  the  mis- 
sion field,  met  again  in  July  of  1918  and 
voted  "not  to  rest  till  all  should  share  one 
ministry."  It  was  resolved  to  organize 
united  educational,  medical  and  social 
work  and  to  hold  an  annual  conference  of 
all  the  allied  missions.  This  district  em- 
bracing churches  of  several  orders,  e.g., 
the  United  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  An- 
glican, Friends,  and  Africa  Inland  Mis- 
sion, seems  likely  to  set  the  pace  for  all 
Africa  in   church   unity. 

Mohammedan  Advance 

The  threat  of  Mohammedanism  is  seri- 
ous in  Uganda  and  Nyassaland.  Where 
the  missions  delay  to  seize  opportunities 
among  pagan  tribes  Mohammedan  propa- 
ganda enters  and  the  opportunity  is  lost. 
The  Church  Missionary  Society  in  Uganda 
reports  the  conversion  of  a  powerful  chief 
to  Islam  who  had  already  asked  for  a 
Christian  missionary.  The  latest  menace 
is  by  the  old  caravan  route  from  Zanzibar. 


53 


THE  ISLANDS 


THE  NETHERLANDS  EAST  INDIES 

Rev.  Dr.  J.  W.  Gunning  * 
Zendingsdirector 


established  with  about  3,500  pupils.  It 
would  be  easy  to  double  the  number  on 
the  coast,  if  only  there  were  no  want  of 
native  teachers  and  money.  What  then 
will  occur  when  the  interior  becomes  ac- 
cessible? 

On  the  Island  Nias,  on  the  West  coast 
of  Sumatra,  where  the  Rhenish  Mission 
has  its  work,  there  was  a  most  remark- 
able and  thoroughly  spiritual  revival 
among  the  native  Christians,  which  also 
highly  influenced  the  Non-Christians. 

Mohammedans 

Among  the  40,000,000  Mohammedans  of 
the  Dutch  Archipelago  two  movements 
should  be  noted.  In  one  of  them  the  re- 
ligious motive  is  perhaps  not  the  only  one 
but  still  it  is  the  predominant  one.  It  has 
spread  over  all  the  islands  where  Moham- 
medans are  to  be  found  and  many  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  have  become  members 
of  the  so  called  Sarikat  Islam.  The  second 
movement,  at  this  moment  still  confined  to 
Java  alone,  has  no  religious  motive.  It  is 
willing  to  cooperate  with  people  of  all 
creeds  and  is  of  a  nationalistic  character. 
Although  willing  to  be  influenced  by  West- 
ern civilization,  at  the  same  time  it  is  anx- 
ious to  maintain  what  seriously  can  be 
called  the  treasures  of  Javanese  civiliza- 
tion. Some  people  believe  that  this  move- 
ment will  prove  to  be  the  stronger.  As 
among  the  members  of  this  movement,  the 
Budi  Utama  (Beautiful  Aims),  many  are 
longing  for  knowledge  of  what  Christian- 
ity really  means,  the  prevalence  of  this 
movement  may  prove  to  be  the  most  fa- 
vorable for  missionary  work.  Yet  since  it 
has  comparatively  few  members  and  most 
of  them  are  from  among  the  upper  classes 

*  Dr.  Gunning  very  kindly  consented  to  write  this  section  while  stopping  a  few  days  in  New  York 
en  route  from  the  Netherlands  East  Indies  to  Holland.  It  was  therefore  prepared  without  having 
access  to  documents   with  which   to   refresh   his  memory. 

54 


Native  Members  of  the  Established 
Church 

There  are  now  about  600,000  native 
Christians  in  the  Dutch  Archipelago.  The 
majority  belong  to  the  established  Prot- 
estant Church,  to  which  several  mission- 
ary bodies  have  entrusted  the  care  of  the 
native  churches  in  totally  Christianized 
areas.  For  the  training  of  ordained  Eu- 
ropean ministers  for  these  native  churches 
an  arrangement  was  made  during  the  past 
year  between  the  established  church  and 
the  two  missionary  seminaries  in  Holland. 
By  this  arrangement  an  improvement  in 
the  condition  of  the  native  churches  is  ex- 
pected. 

In  Minahassa  with  about  200,000  native 
Christians  the  Dutch  Missionary  Society 
still  supports  185  schools  with  nearly  10,- 
000  children,  and  a  seminary  for  teach- 
ers, which  are  highly  important  to  the 
Church  as  the  Government  schools  give  no 
religious  teaching.  An  arrangement  has 
been  made  for  cooperation  in  this  educa- 
tional work  between  the  Church  and  the 
Missionary  body  in  order  to  hand  over 
these  schools  gradually  to  the  native 
church.  This  will  not  be  accomplished 
fully  for  several  years. 

Animistic  Tribes 

In  the  areas  where  the  missions  have  to 
deal  with  animistic  tribes  the  work  is  most 
successful.  Animism  does  not  stand  before 
the  growing  influence  of  civilization.  The 
populations  have  to  accept  either  Islam  or 
Christianity.  When  Christianity  is  pre- 
sented to  them  at  the  right  moment  they 
are  most  inclined  to  accept  it.  So,  for  in- 
stance, in  New  Guinea  in  the  last  few 
years  more  than  seventy  schools  have  been 


it  is  questionable  whether  they  will  influ- 
ence the  masses.  Meanwhile  mission  work 
has  always  proved  more  successful  among 
earnest  believers,  of  whatever  creed  they 
might  be  than  among  agnostics.  For  this 
reason,  it  may  be  that  the  members  of 
Sarikat  Islam,  though  apparently  opposed 
to  Christianity,  will  prove  to  be  the  more 
accessible  to  the  Gospel. 

In  any  case  the  moment  for  the  presen- 
tation of  the  Gospel  to  the  Mohammedans 
is  much  more  favorable  than  at  any  pre- 
vious time.  It  is  not  to  be  expected  that 
large  numbers  of  the  Mohammedans  will 
become  converted  soon,  but  it  is  hoped  that 
this  whole  movement  will  be  influenced  by 
the   spirit   of   the    Christian   Message. 

Realizing  this,  the  native  churches  in 
Java,  which  count  among  their  number 
28,000  converted  Mohammedans,  are  expe- 
riencing a  general  awakening  which  seems 
hopeful  and  which  manifests  itself  by  in- 
creasing interest  in  evangelization,  church 
organization  and  even  in  political  affairs. 
The  missionary  leaders,  also  for  the  same 
reason  are  giving  much  attention  to 
schools. 

Dutch  Schools 

These  leaders  are  aware  that  they  must 
take  advantage  of  the  opportunity  afforded 
by  the  very  strong  demand  for  Dutch 
schools  for  natives,  and  that  at  the  same 
time  measures  must  be  taken  not  to  lose 
hold  of  the  Christian  pupils,  especially  of 
those  who  have  been  studying  in  Govern- 
ment Schools. 

Generally  speaking  it  can  be  said  that 
the  native  Christians  are  much  appreciated 


in  Government  and  private  service.  The 
result  is  that  they  spread  over  all  the  is- 
lands of  the  Archipelago.  It  is  a  difficult 
task  for  the  missions  to  strengthen  them 
that  they  may  be  "Epistles  of  Christ." 

Elementary  Schools 

During  the  past  forty-five  years  the 
Government  has  tried  to  establish  elemen- 
tary schools  for  the  lower  classes  of  the 
population.  The  fact  was  and  is  still  that 
there  is  no  demand  for  these  schools.  The 
result  has  been  that  only  the  children  of 
the  somewhat  higher  classes  went  to  school 
and  the  Government  was  compelled  to  give 
more  than  the  real  elementary  instruction. 
The  course  of  the  Missions  was  quite  the 
opposite.  They  started  with  real  elemen- 
tary schools  and  succeeded  in  creating  in- 
terest for  these  schools.  The  number  of 
pupils  in  the  Christianized  regions  com- 
pared with  the  whole  population  is  nor- 
mal. 

Meanwhile,  since  about  twelve  years  ago, 
it  seems  that  the  Government  found  the 
means  to  propagate  school  education  of 
the  most  elementary  kind.  Nearly  5,000 
schools  are  now  established  with  about 
300,000  pupils.  So  the  Government  came 
into  the  territory  where  the  missions  had 
until  lately  a  kind  of  monopoly.  As  at 
least  45,000  schools  are  needed  and  at  this 
time  their  number  is  not  more  than  8,000, 
there  is  no  fear  for  competition.  This 
danger  is  less  as  the  Government  rightly 
prefers  not  to  promote  education  in  a  com- 
pulsory way.  This  the  missions,  of  course, 
have  neither  the  inclination  nor  the  power 
to  ^accomplish. 


MISSION  WORK  IN  THE  PHILIPPINE  ARCHIPELAGO 

Rev.   Harry  Farmer,   D.  D. 


The  Islands 

The  Philippine  Archipelago  extends 
from  40  41'  to  21°  north  latitude,  and  con- 
tains some  3,000  islands,  of  which  more 
than  1,000  have  already  been  named.  Only 
twelve,  however,  are  of  any  great  impor- 
tance, and  it  is  to  these  that  the  mission 
work  has  been  limited.  The  Missions 
working  in  the  Philippines  have  formed 
an  Evangelical  Union  under  which  the  ter- 
ritory has  been  divided,  and  there  is  lit- 
tle or  no  overlapping.  The  Episcopal 
Mission  is  the  only  one  outside  of  this 
Union,  and  they  work  almost  entirely 
among   the   Igorotes   in   the   northern  part 


of  the  Island  of  Luzon,  and  among  the 
Moros  in  the  Island  of  Mindanao.  Ma- 
nila, the  capital,  is  considered  common  to 
all  Missions. 

Missionary  Occupation 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Mission  works 
in  ten  Provinces  on  the  Island  of  Luzon ; 
the  Christian  Mission  among  the  Ilocanos 
and  the  Tagalogs ;  the  United  Brethren 
Mission  in  the  Province  of  Union  and 
among  the  island  tribes  of  Benguet;  the 
Presbyterian  Mission  in  southern  Luzon 
and  the  islands  of  Samar,  Leyte,  Bohol, 
Negros,  and  Panay;  the  Baptist  Mission  in 


55 


Panay  and  Negros ;  the  Congregational 
Mission  in  Mindanao.  There  remain, 
therefore,  some  parts  of  the  Islands  which 
have  not  been  definitely  occupied  and 
some  of  the  territory  occupied  has  so  few 
missionaries  that  they  cannot  begin  to 
evangelize  the  people  for  whom  they  are 
responsible. 

The  People 

There  are  in  round  numbers  ten  mil- 
lion people,  made  up  of  the  civilized  Fili- 
pinos who  inhabit  the  lowlands  for  the 
most  part,  with  the  Igorotes  in  northern 
Luzon,  the  Negritos,  or  aborigines  in 
western  Luzon  and  Paragua,  the  Moros 
and  a  number  of  other  tribes,  about  a  mil- 
lion in  all,  in  the  Island  of   Mindanao. 

Mission  work  was  begun  on  a  small 
scale  in  1900,  although  some  preaching  had 
been  done  by  Army  chaplains  and  lay 
preachers  as  early  as  1898.  The  Roman 
Catholic  Church  has  been  in  the  Islands 
for  four  hundred  years,  but  up  to  the  time 
of  the  American  occupation  it  was  impos- 
sible for  an  agent  of  the  Bible  Society  or 
a  Protestant  missionary  to  even  enter  the 
Islands. 

Educational  Work 

The  United  States  Government  has 
among  other  wonderful  accomplishments 
done  such  a  great  work  through  its  pub- 
lic school  system  that  very  little  work  of 
a  primary  nature  has  been  necessary  on 
the  part  of  the  Missions.  The  Baptist  Mis- 
sion has  taken  advantage  of  the  fact  that 
the  public  schools  were  unable  to  take 
care  of  all  the  children  and  has  opened 
quite  a  number  of  primary  schools  which 
they  have  conducted  with  great  success. 
The  Silliman  Institute;  at  Dumaguette,  un- 
der the  Presbyterian  Board,  is  the  most 
outstanding  private  school  of  its  kind  in 
the  Islands.  The  Jaro  Industrial  School, 
under  the  Baptist  Board,  is  doing  a  most 
unusual  work  of  this  kind  and  attracting 
considerable  attention.  Most  of  the  Mis- 
sions have  united  in  a  Union  Theological 
School,  in  Manila,  which  is  educating 
preachers  for  the  evangelical  churches  in 
all  of  the  Islands.  The  Christian  Mission 
has  a  Bible  School  in  Vigan  and  another 
in  Manila.  The  Woman's  Board  of  the 
Methodist  Church  have  schools  in  Linga- 
yen  and  Manila,  while  the  Presbyterian 
Church  has  schools  in  Manila  and  Cebu, 
and  the  Baptist  Church  has  a  girls'  school 
in  Iloilo.  All  Missions  are  entering  in  a 
large  way  in  the  establishment  of  dormi- 
tories to  take  care  of  the  young  men  and 


young  women  who  are  in  attendance  at 
provincial  high  schools  and  at  the  Univer- 
sity in  Manila. 

Self-Support 

A  great  deal  of  attention  has  been  given 
to  self-support  by  all  of  the  Mission  bod- 
ies, the  Methodists  reporting  in  1918  that 
85  per  cent,  of  all  native  churches  were  en- 
tirely self-supporting. 

Sunday  Schools 

In  191 1  the  Philippine  Islands  Sunday 
School  Union  was  formed,  and  much  has 
been  done  to  cooperate  and  standardize 
this  branch  of  church  work  in  all  fields. 
A  Sunday  School  convention  was  held 
early  in  the  year  with  5000  in  attendance. 
The  Methodist  Mission  has  its  own  Sun- 
day School  missionary  and  they  have  in- 
troduced special  lessons  for  children  and 
are  beginning  to  grade  the  Sunday  Schools, 
besides  establishing  special  courses  in  the 
Theological  School  and  other  Manila 
training  schools,  a  normal  course  has  been 
introduced  successfully  among  Sunday 
School  officers  and  teachers. 

Medical  Work 

So  much  attention  has  been  given  to 
evangelistic  work  that  the  educational  and 
medical  ends  have  been  largely  neglected. 
The  Presbyterians  and  Baptists  unite  in  a 
hospital  in  Iloilo.  The  Presbyterians  also 
have  hospitals  at  Dumaguette  and  in  Bo- 
hol  and  Leyte,  while  the  Baptists  have  an- 
other at  Capiz.  The  Christian  Mission  has 
hospitals  in  Vigan  and  Manila.  The 
Woman's  Board  of  the  Methodist  Church 
has  a  hospital  in  Manila  and  .the  Episcopal 
Mission  has  a  hospital  there  and  also  does 
medical  work  among  the  Moros  and  Igo- 
rotes. 

Christian  Literature 

Publishing  houses  have  been  established 
at  Iloilo,  Manila,  and  San  Fernando,  Un- 
ion, and  these  have  aided  largely  in  all 
mission  work.  Weekly  papers  are  pub- 
lished in  Ilocano,  Tagalog,  and  Visayan, 
and  the  Methodist  Mission  has  maintained 
a  monthly  magazine  in  English  for  Fili- 
pino students. 

General  Conditions  ■ 

The  Bureau  of  Health  is  in  charge  of 
an  American  Army  officer  and  sanitary 
laws  are  enforced  throughout  the  Islands. 


56 


Smallpox,  cholera,  and  the  Bubonic  plague 
have  been  largely  eradicated.  The  estab- 
lishment of  a  leper  colony  on  the  Island 
of  Culion  is  one  of  the  great  philanthro- 
pies, and  more  than  3,000  men  and  women 
have  been  segregated  here.  A  Filipino 
doctor  has  discovered  a  method  of  admin- 
istering chaulmoogra  oil,  which  has  re- 
sulted in  the  cure  of  more  than  two  hun- 
dred victims  of  this  dread  disease.  Since 
the  American  occupation  the  use  of  beer 
and  whiskey  has  very  largely  increased; 
instead  of  one  poorly  equipped  brewery 
of  the  Spanish  regime,  there  are  now  three 
large  wealthy  concerns  manufacturing 
beer  in  Manila,  two  of  which  are  under  the 
direction  of   Friar  corporations. 


Effect  of  the  War 

The  Islands  have  been  greatly  affected 
by  the  European  war,  and  while  prices 
have  greatly  risen,  the  Islands  have  be- 
come prosperous  because  of  the  high 
prices  received  for  hemp  and  sugar.  With 
better  shipping  facilities  this  prosperity 
should  continue.  A  division  of  15,000 
men  has  been  enlisted  and  put  under  train- 
ing in  order  to  back  up  the  United  States 
Government  since  it  entered  the  war. 
There  has  been  a  large  subscription  to  each 
of  the  Liberty  Loans,  and  on  the  Fourth 
Liberty  Loan,  for  which  the  quota  was  six 
million  dollars,  there  was  subscribed  $12,- 
128,000. 


UNOCCUPIED  FIELDS 

Rev.  Charles  R.  Watson,  D.  D. 


Effect  of  the  War 

It  cannot  be  denied  that  if  the  War  has 
resulted  in  a  suspension  of  aggressive  mis- 
sionary plans  in  many  sections,  and  a  sus- 
pension of  all  missionary  work  in  other 
areas,  thus  creating  new  unoccupied  fields, 
it  has  had  a  peculiar  significance  in  call- 
ing attention  to  and  in  opening  up  fields 
which  were  formerly  regarded  as  unoccu- 
pied mission  fields.  Manchuria,  for  exam- 
ple, and  Northern  Mongolia  have  been  di- 
rectly and  indirectly  affected  by  the  mili- 
tary operations  which  moved  along  the 
Southern  Manchurian  and  Trans-Siberian 
Railway.  Afghanistan,  at  times  an  anxi- 
ety to  the  Allies,  while  also  an  ambition 
of  Germany,  has  been  the  object  of  new 
interest.  Mesopotamia,  so  long  and  to  so 
great  an  extent  hidden  from  view,  has  been 
thrown  into  the  foreground  of  missionary 
thought.  Arabia,  the  neglected,  has  be- 
come possessed  of  a  strategic  military  im- 
portance, and  a  correspondingly  increased 
significance  for  the  Christian  World.  Sec- 
tions of  Africa  hitherto  unexplored  and 
unevangelized,  have  been  penetrated  by 
armed  forces  while  still  larger  areas  are 
coming  under  political  observation  as  the 
world  map  is  being  restudied  for  its  re- 
making. Add  to  this  the  awakening  of 
the  life  of  the  peoples  within  these  areas 
by  the  return  to  them  of  those  who  were 
drawn  into  the  great  struggle  as  laborers 
and  workers,  in  a  few  instances  as  fight- 
ers. 

Mongolia 

Mongolia,  where  2,000,000  were  ac- 
counted as  lying  beyond  the  reach  of  all 


existing  missionary  agencies,  has  become 
by  the  events  of  the  past  year  less  of  a 
sphere  of  influence  for  Russia  and  more 
of  a  sphere  of  influence  for  China  and 
Japan.  This  may  be  said  to  simplify  the 
missionary  situation,  although  the  country 
chiefly  awaits  the  opening  up  which  may 
come  through  railroads  and  commerce. 

Tibet 

Tibet,  Nepal  and  Bhutan,  at  the  heart 
of  Asia,  still  maintain  almost  completely 
their  isolation,  although  no  political  em- 
bargo is  wholly  effective  against  the  pene- 
trating influences  of  the  Christian  evan- 
gelism, and  especially  of  the  Christian  lit- 
erature, which  have  their  source  in  the 
Christian  missions  established  along  the 
borders  of  these  areas. 


Afghanistan 

Afghanistan  is  now  the  strongest  coun- 
try politically  in  the  Mohammedan  world, 
and  the  only  Mohammedan  kingdom  en- 
joying entire  political  independence.  While 
no  direct  missionary  influences  are  to  be 
recorded,  much  encouragement  may  be  de- 
rived from  the  known  penetration  during 
the  past  year  of  Western  ideas  and  meth- 
ods and  of  Western  machinery  and  ma- 
teriel  into   Afghanistan. 

French  Indo-China 

French  Indo-China  still  constitutes, 
from    the    missionary    point    of    view,    the 


57 


largest  integral  area  of  practically  un- 
touched territory  in  Asia.  No  new  mis- 
sionary developments  are  to  be  reported 
among  the  more  than  20,000,000  Indo-Chi- 
nese for  whom  Protestant  Christendom 
has  yet  to  make  provision.  The  War, 
however,  has  affected  vitally  this  French 
possession,  for  thousands  of  natives  from 
this  area  have  touched  Western  life  as 
they  served  in  the  labor  battalions  in 
France. 

Near  East 

For  the  unoccupied  fields  of  the  Near 
East,  which  are  practically  all  of  them 
Mohammedan,  the  events  of  the  past  year 
have  had  very  great  significance.  The  es- 
tablishment of  the  new  Arab  kingdom  of 
the  Hejaz  promises  to  introduce  into  the 
pilgrim  centers  of  Islam  at  least  the  by- 
products of  Christianity;  education,  jus- 
tice, commercial  and  industrial  develop- 
ment and  a  measure  of  social  reconstruc- 
tion. The  close  political  relationship  of 
the  Hejaz  to  Egypt  places  a  new  emphasis 
on  the  importance  of  missionary  work  in 
Egypt. 

North  Africa 

The  unoccupied  fields  of  North  Africa 
have  been  more  completely  neglected  than 
ever  because  of  the  arrest  of  missionary 
effort  by  war  conditions,  but  unprece- 
dented opportunity  for  service  in  coming 
years  has  also  resulted  from  the  influence 
upon  the  whole  of  North  Africa  of  those 
whose  minds  have  been  stimulated  and 
whose  life  outlook  has  been  broadened  by 
their  military  service  in  France. 


Mesopotamia 

British  victories  in  Mesopotamia  have 
challenged  Anglo-Saxon  missions  as  re- 
gards a  great  stretch  of  country  lying  be- 
tween the  Tigris  and  the  Indus,  for  the 
most  part  unevangelized  and  in  great  part 
inadequately  explored.  Should  the  irriga- 
tion proposals  of  Sir  William  Willcock 
find  realization,  one  of  the  most  influen- 
tial centers  for  Christian  missions  will 
open  up  along  the  Euphrates. 

Negro  Africa 

The  unoccupied  areas  of  Africa  are  so 
extensive,  comprising  an  estimated  popula- 
tion of  over  50,000,000,  and  our  knowledge 
of  them  is  so  limited  that  no  survey  of 
these  areas  can  be  attempted.  For  the 
most  part,  the  past  year  has  accentuated 
the  need,  for  it  has  witnessed  the  suspen- 
sion of  missionary  activities  in  the  major- 
ity of  the  areas  contiguous  to  these  unoc- 
cupied fields.  Furthermore,  the  areas  for- 
merly occupied  by  German  Missions  are 
now  to  be  provided  for.  These  aggre- 
gated in  pre-war  days  over  five  hundred 
mission  stations  and  more  than  seven  hun- 
dred missionaries. 

Coordinated  Effort 

As  set  forth  at  the  Edinburgh  Confer- 
ence, the  missionary  occupation  of  fields 
at  present  unoccupied,  awaifs  chiefly  the 
coordination  of  Christian  missionary  ef- 
fort, so  that  some  comprehensive  program 
may  be  worked  out  aiming  at  the  com- 
plete occupation  of  the  whole  world.  The 
past  year  has  contributed  largely  toward 
this  end  by  bringing  together  the  churches 
in  a  common  service  for  the  soldiers. 


5S 


MISSIONARY  LITERATURE 


THIRTY  MISSIONARY  AND  RELATED  VOLUMES 
PUBLISHED   IN   1918 

Prof.   Harlan   P.   Beach,   D.   D. 

The  books  listed  below  are  not  necessarily  the  best  ones  published  during  1918.  The 
annotator  has  not  seen  all  such  volumes,  and  of  those  which  he  has  examined  another 
compiler  might  have  chosen  rejected  books  as  superior  to  some   found  here. 

They  are  intended  to  represent  varied  aspects  of  this  literature,  some  sections  of 
which  are  only  directly  missionary  in  character.  The  year's  output  has  not  been  equal 
in  quality  and  quantity  to  the  average  .annual  production,  largely  because  of  the  high 
cost  of  material  and  labor  and  in  some  cases  owing  to  government  curtailment  of  printing. 
Of  the  books  here  given  an  undue  proportion  are  intended  for  study  text-books  among 
various  classes  of  the  missionary  constituency,  simply  because  they  seemed  better  worth 
mentioning  than  some  other  volumes  left  out.  The  annotations  are  briefly  descriptive 
and  not  critical,  owing  to  space  limits  which  do  not  permit  of  any  explanation  of  criti- 
cisms, which,  if  left  unsaid,  makes  the  note  a  dogmatic  ipse  dixit.  Authorship  has  often 
been  commented  upon,  as  the  value  of  books  depends  upon  the  strength  of  the  author 
whose  credentials  the  reader  desires  to  know.  It  may  be  added  in  extenuation  of  the 
defects  of  this  list  that  it  was  compiled  on  very  short  notice  with  no  time  to  weigh  the 
evidence  for  the  inclusion  of  one  book  rather  than  of  another.  The  order  of  the  entries 
is  alphabetical  according  to  the  names  of  the  authors. 


Guilielma  F.  Alsop. — My  Chinese  Days. 
Pp.  xi,  271.  Boston,  Little,  Brown  and 
Company.  With  the  exception  of  a  few 
of  the  incidents,  such  as  the  rescue  of 
slave  girls  at  Kaung  Wan,  these  stories 
are  taken  from  actual  life  as  seen  by 
the  author  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Shanghai  shortly  after  the  recent  Revo- 
lution; graphic  and  yet  more  highly  col- 
ored than  the  average  life  and  sorrows 
of  that  Republic;  missionary  background 
and  love. 

William  Archer. — India  and  the  Future. 
Pp.  326.  New  York,  Alfred  A.  Knopf. 
An  up-to-date  setting  forth  of  leading 
aspects  of  Indian  life  as  seen  by  a  dis- 
criminating visitor  who  supports  many 
of  his  opinions  by  a  wide  range  of  ex- 
pert testimony.  Leading  themes  are :  A 
bird's-eye  view  of  the  country,  two  sides 
of  the  racial  medal,  India's  unity,  Hindu 

.  spirituality,  caste  and  its  concomitants, 
manners,  the  Indian  opposition,  art  and 
culture,  education,  and  an  epilogue  in 
which  as  a  British  writer  he  longs  for 
the  ushering  in  of  a  new  day  when  rul- 
ers and  subjects  may  see  eye  to  eye  and 
live  together  in  amity. 


E.  F,  Benson. — Crescent  and  Iron  Cross. 
Pp.  240.  New  York,  George  H.  Doran 
Company.  From  blue  books  and  other 
trustworthy  sources,  Mr.  Benson  gath- 
ers damning  evidence  of  the  sanguinary 
alliance  of  Germany  and  Turkey  in  the 
Levant  up  to  July,  1917.  It  enables  the 
reader  who  is  interested  in  the  Levant 
as  a  mission  field  to  follow  any  discus- 
sion at  the  peace  table  with  intelligence. 

Marshall  Broomhall,  M.A.— Heirs  To- 
gether of  the  Grace  of  Life:  Benjamin 
Broomhall,  Amelia  Hudson  Broomhall. 
Pp.  xv,  146.  London,  Morgan  and  Scott, 
Ltd.  As  a  former  missionary  of  the 
China  Inland  Mission  and  for  years  its 
editorial  secretary,  this  intimate  biog- 
raphy of  his  parents  gives  the  reader 
at  once  the  story  of  pious  and  gracious 
lives  and  pictures  the  influence  of  a 
missionary  secretary  upon  a  Mission  and 
also  upon  British  public  opinion  and  leg- 
islation as  to  the  opium  traffic  whose 
abolition  owed  much  to  Benjamin 
Broomhall. 

Edward  G.  Browne,  M.A.,  M.B..  F.B.A.. 
F.R.C.P— Materials  for  the  Study  of 
the   Babi   Religion.    Cambridge,   Univer- 


61 


sity  Press.  Pp.  xxiv,  380.  Nearly  thirty 
years  of  personal  knowledge  of  Babi 
leaders  and  prolonged  study  of  the  move- 
ment and  its  literature  make  Professor 
Browne's  book  a  notable  addition  to  the 
literature  of  a  faith  which  has  its  devo- 
tees even  in  American  circles  of  intelli- 
gence and  culture. 

Margaret  E.  Burton. — Women  Workers  of 
the  Orient.  Pp.  240.  West  Medford, 
Mass.,  Central  Committee  on  the  United 
Study  of  Missions.  This  text-book 
bears  the  marks  of  personal,  as  well  as 
literary,  acquaintance  with  woman's 
share  in  the  old  and  new  labors  of  Mos- 
lem lands,  India,  China  and  Japan.  It  is 
shot  through  with  missionary  threads, 
and  is  anything  but  a  barren  sociolog- 
ical discussion  of  its  theme. 

John  Wesley  Butler. — History  of  fhe 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Mexico: 
Personal  Reminiscences,  Present  Condi- 
tions and  Future  Outlook.  Pp.  156. 
New  York,  The  Methodist  Book  Con- 
cern. The  son  of  the  founder  of  the 
Mission  and  for  more  than  forty  years 
a  prominent  leader  in  it,  Dr.  Butler  de- 
lineates the  main  forward  steps  of  the 
enterprise  from  its  beginnings  forty-five 
years  ago,  with  a  minimum  of  the  an- 
nalistic  and  an  abundance  of  the  per- 
sonal emphasis.  It  is  the  best  produc- 
tion in  its  department,  albeit  too  brief, 
in  the  literature  upon  Mexico. 

A.  Mildred  Cable.— The  Fulfilment  of  a 
Dream  of  Pastor  Hsi.  Pp.  268.  Lon- 
don, Morgan  and  Scott.  Pastor  Hsi,  one 
of  China's  most  conspicuous  Christians, 
left  a  work  undone  that  some  ladies  of 
the  China  Inland  Mission,  laboring  alone 
for  the  most  part,  are  here  seen  accom- 
plishing. His  dream  of  a  tree  cut  down 
and  sprouting  again  was  the  Hwochow 
Church  whose  missionaries  were  mar- 
tyred in  1000  and  whose  prosperity  to- 
day is  a  cause  of  thanksgiving. 

Mary  J.  Campbell. — The  Power-House  at 
Pathankot.  Pp.  192.  Philadelphia, 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  United 
Presbyterian  Church  of  North  America. 
This  story  of  "what  some  girls  of  India 
wrought  by  prayer"  is  one  that  tells  of 
the  author's  campaign  against  intemper- 
ance in  Northwestern  India  which  won 
for  her  the  rare  distinction  of  wearing 
the  Kaisar-i-Hind  medal,  and  of  the 
power  of  Christian  friendship  and  faith 
brought  to  bear  upon  the  personal  life  of 
holders  of  other  beliefs. 

George  William  Carter,  Ph.D. — Zoroastri- 
anism   and   Judaism.      Pp.    116.     Boston, 


Richard  G.  Badger.  After  outlining  the 
two  systems,  the  author  gives  their  lead- 
ing religious,  social  and  moral  concep- 
tions, indicating  under  each  heading 
something  of  the  probable  influence  or 
relation  of  one  system  to  the  other.  Of 
value  to  those  having  to  do  with  Parsees 
in  India.  Its  references  to  specific  pas- 
sages in  the  sacred  books  of  the  two  re- 
ligions are  helpful. 

Samuel  Couling,  MA. — The  Encyclopaedia 
Sinica.  Pp.  viii,  633.  London,  H.  Mil- 
ford.  This  is  the  only  great  work  of 
the  year  bearing  upon  Missions,  and  the 
China  edition  of  it  belongs  to  1917.  Its 
641  large  octavo  pages  are  filled  with 
trustworthy  information  upon  all  phases 
of  "things  Chinese,"  as  well  as  men  and 
missions  of  that  land.  Both  the  author 
as  principal  writer  and  editor  and  a 
goodly  number  of  the  foremost  authori- 
ties on  the  themes  they  discuss  are  guar- 
antors of  the  value  of  this  first  volume 
in  English  of  this  class  of  literature  re- 
lating to  China. 

J.  C.  R.  Ewing,  D.D.,  LL.D.— A  Prince  of 
the  Church  in  India:  Being  a  Record  of 
the  Life  of  the  Rev.  Kali  Charan  Chat- 
ter jee,  D.D.  Pp.  128.  New  York,  Flem- 
ing H.  Revell  Company.  A  sketch  by 
the  missionary  who  perhaps  knew  him 
best  of  forty-eight  years'  service  in  a 
Punjab  pastorate  of  one  of  India's  most 
eminent  Christians  and  leaders,  together 
with  his  early  life  and  experiences. 

Sophia  Lyon  Fahs. — Red,  Yellow  and 
Black:  Tales  of  Indians,  Chinese  and 
Africans.  Pp.  215.  New  York,  Metho- 
dist Book  Concern.  Two  stories  of  the 
Indians,  six  of  the  Chinese  and  five  of 
the  Africans,  told  by  Mrs.  Fahs,  who  is 
a  trained  writer  of  books  for  children, 
constitute  the  best  book  of  its  class,  per- 
haps,  published  during  the  year. 

Florence  Griswold. — Hindu  Fairy  Tales 
Retold  for  Children.  Pp.  213.  Boston, 
Lothrop,  Lee  and  Shepard.  Ten  stories 
from  the  great  collection  of  the  Jataka, 
—birth  stories  of  Buddha, — are  told  with 
simplicity  and  charm  by  Mrs.  Griswold 
as  specimens  of  tales  used  for  didactic 
and  moral  purposes  in  Buddhist  coun- 
tries. 

Rev.  and  Mrs.  Orramel  Hinckley  Gulick. 
— The  Pilgrims  of  Hawaii.  Pp.  351. 
New  York,  Fleming  H.  Revell  Company. 
"Their  own  story  of  their  pilgrimage 
from  New  England  and  life  work  in  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  now  known  as  Ha- 
waii, with  explanatory  and  illustrative 
material  compiled  and  verified  from  orig- 


62 


inal  sources."  Authoritative  account  of 
a  completed  work,  but  not  interestingly 
written. 

Sidney  L.  Gulick,  D.D. — American  Democ- 
racy and  Asiatic  Citizenship.  Pp.  xii, 
257.  New  York,  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  A  fourth  volume  by  one  who  was 
for  nearly  thirty  years  a  missionary  in 
Japan,  written  in  the  attempt  to  medi- 
ate between  the  two  countries.  The 
wrongs  against  Asiatic  immigrants  as 
compared  with  our  treatment  of  Euro- 
pean immigrants  are  strongly  set  forth, 
with  the  plea  that  democracy  demands 
a  more  just  and  Christian  treatment 
than   Asiatics   have   hitherto   received. 

Edwin  Taylor  Iglehart,  editor. — The 
Christian  Movement  in  the  Japanese  Em- 
pire, Including  Korea  and  Formosa:  A 
Year  Book  for  1918.  Pp.  viii,  538, 
lxxxviii.  Tokyo,  Conference  of  Feder- 
ated Missions,  Japan.  The  seventeenth 
annual  issue  of  a  work  of  the  very  first 
importance  among  those  relating  to  that 
important  Empire  and  its  missions.  The 
statistics  and  directories  are  also  very 
valuable. 

Kenneth  Scott  Latourette. — The  Develop- 
ment of  Japan.  Pp.  xi,  237.  New  York, 
The  Macmillan  Company.  Though  Pro- 
fessor Latourette  writes  especially  for 
students  in  college  classes,  his  former 
residence  in  the  Far  East  and  his  mis- 
sionary predilections  make  the  volume  a 
strong  presentation  of  Japanese  develop- 
ment from  the  earliest  times  to  1917.  So 
valuable  that,  after  writing  it,  the  Japan 
Society  asked  to  have  it  published  un- 
der its  auspices. 

James  Hope  Moulton. — The  Treasure  of 
the  Magi :  A  Study  of  Modern  Zoroas- 
trianism.  Pp.  27^.  London,  Oxford 
University  Press.  Previous  works  on 
Zoroastrianism  by  Professor  Moulton 
supplement  this  volume  whose  main  ob- 
jective is  to  win  Parsees  from  Zara- 
thnshtra's  teachings  to  those  of  Jesus,  to 
whose  cradle  Turanian  Zoroastrians 
journeyed  and  some  of  whose  teachings 
resemble  those  of  Christ.  On  his  home- 
ward journey  from  a  mission  to  the  Par- 
sees,  the  author  fell  a  victim  to  Teuton 
torpedoes,  leaving  this  posthumous  vol- 
ume. 

W.  Max  Miiller,  Ph.D.  and  Sir  James 
George  Scott,  K.C.I.E.— The  Mythology 
of  All  Races.  Egyptian-Indo-Chinese. 
Pp.  xiv,  450.  Boston,  Marshall  Jones 
Company.  This  is  the  twelfth  of  a 
thirteen-volume  series  under  the  general 
editorship    of    Professor    Louis    Herbert 


Gray,  Ph.D.  It  is  in  the  second  Part, 
dealing  with  the  myths  of  the  Indo-Chi- 
nese world,  that  friends  of  missions  and 
missionaries  are  practically  interested. 
Burma  and  Siam  are  included  in  the  vol- 
ume, of  course,  and  the  foremost  au- 
thority on  the  subject  writes  most  in- 
terestingly and  helpfully  for  Indo-Chi- 
nese missionaries  and  students  of  myth- 
ology. 

J.  Lovell  Murray.— The  Call  of  a  World 
Task  in  War  Time.  Pp.  xi,  214.  New 
York,  Student  Volunteer  Movement. 
Though  intended  as  a  text-book  for  vol- 
untary study  classes  in  college,  this  is 
perhaps  the  best  comprehensive  volume 
on  the  war  and  missions.  Each  of  its 
six  calls  are  clarion  notes  to  immedi- 
ate action. 

Christopher  Noss  and  Associates  of  the 
Tohoku  Mission.— Tohoku,  the  Scotland 
of  Japan.  Pp.  302.  Philadelphia,  Board 
of  Foreign  Missions  Reformed  Church 
in  the  United  States.  This  is  in  ar- 
rangement and  interest  perhaps  the  best 
study  class  text-book  of  the  year,  as  it 
also  is  a  most  satisfactory  presentation 
of  Northern  Japan  and  its  missions,  es- 
pecially the  work  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  so  fine 
a  volume  could  not  have  been  made  a 
general  one  on  all  of  Japan  and  its  Mis- 
sions. 

W.  F.  Oldham.— Thoburn— Called  of  God. 
Pp.  188.  New  York,  The  Methodist 
Book  Concern.  Bishop  Oldham  was  a 
former  associate  of  Bishop  Thoburn  in 
Southern  Asia  and  is  a  man  of  like  spirit 
and  world-embracing  ambition.  Hence 
this  account,  largely  in  Dr.  Thoburn's 
own  words,  of  a  wonderful  work  and  a 
fruitful  missions  theory  is  doubly  valu- 
able; though  the  limits  are  so  restricted 
that  a  great  life,  still  among  us,  is  be- 
littled in  consequence. 

Rev.  F.  W.  S.  O'Neil,  M.A.,  editor.— Dr. 
Isabel  Mitchell  of  Manchuria.  Pp.  224. 
London,  James  Clarke  and  Company. 
A  most  satisfactory  picture  of  the  fas- 
cinating life  and  work  of  a  talented  med- 
ical missionary,  told  largely  in  her  own 
charming   and   intimate   letters. 

Willard  Price. — Ancient  Peoples  at  New 
Tasks.  Pp.  xi,  208.  New  York,  Mis- 
sionary Education  Movement.  The 
handiwork  of  our  most  breezy  mission- 
ary journalist,  editor  of  the  World  Out- 
look, after  he  had  seen  the  working  out 
of  definite  problems  in  a  number  of  the 
countries  studied.  A  single  industrial 
situation  in  each  of  six  mission  lands  is 


63 


intensively  and  absorbingly  studied  by 
members  of  young  people's  study  classes 
under  his  guidance. 

Augustus  Hopkins  Strong,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
Litt.D.— A  Tour  of  the  Missions:  Ob- 
servations and  Conclusions.  Pp.  xxii, 
223.  Philadelphia,  The  Griffith  and 
Rowland  Press.  The  Missions  referred 
to  are  those  of  the  Northern  Baptists, 
and  the  observer  who  moves  among  his 
old  students  afield  as  his  trustworthy 
guides  is  the  ex-President  of  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary.  Japan,  China,  the 
Philippines,  the  Malay  Peninsula,  Java, 
India  and  Burma  are  visited  and  the 
work  criticised — from  the  older,  more 
conservative  viewpoint.  The  author 
adds  four  general  chapters  on  mission 
theory   and   modernism. 

Sir  Rabindranath  Tagore. — Mashi  and 
Other  Stories.  Pp.  222.  New  York,  The 
Macmillan  Cornpany.  India's  poet  laure- 
ate and  Nobel  prizeman  of  the  world 
supplies  fourteen  prose  stories  of  Indian 
life  of  to-day,  which  give  the  reader  of 
missionary  literature  glimpses  of  facts 
and  ideals  that  seem  to  the  famous 
Brahmo  Samaj  educator  worthy  of  being 
made  known  to   Occidentals. 

S.  Earl  Taylor  and  Halford  E.  Luccock. 
— The  Christian  Crusade  for  World  De- 
mocracy. Pp.  204.  New  York,  Metho- 
dist Book  Concern.  Perhaps  the  best 
book  of  the  year  in  the  line  of  exploi- 


tation of  Missions.  The  occasion  is  the 
celebration  next  April  of  Methodism's 
North  American  Missionary  Centenary, 
and  the  constituency  is  made  up  of 
Methodist  Sunday  Schools  and  Epworth 
Leagues.  Each  chapter  is  a  trumpet  call 
to  advance ;  and  the  facts,  figures  and 
maps  are  powerful  levers  to  lift  the  en- 
terprise before  all  the  people  of  the  De- 
nomination. 

Underwood  of  Korea.  By  His  Wife.  Pp. 
350.  New  York,  Fleming  H.  Revell 
Company.  A  missionary  from  his  fourth 
year  in  childish  desire,  in  mature  life 
Dr.  Underwood  became  a  foremost 
leader  in  Korean  missions  as  scholar, 
translator,  evangelist,  and  educator.  Be- 
ing the  story  of  a  pioneer,  one  has  here 
the  outlines  of  Korean  missionary  his- 
tory, so  stimulating  to  mission  theorists 
and  to  the  Church  at  large. 

Maude  Newell  Williams. — The  Least  of 
These — in  Colombia.  Pp.  183.  New 
York,  Fleming  H.  Revell  Company. 
Protesting  that  this  is  not  a  missionary 
volume,  the  wife  of  a  missionary  and 
herself  an  educator  in  Bogota,  tells  most 
winsomely  of  people  whom  she  has 
known  intimately  among  South  Amer- 
ica's lowly  ones.  As  a  stylist,  a  keen  ob- 
server, a  lover  of  the  common  people 
and  a  mistress  of  the  wise  use  of  mis- 
sionary indirection,  Mrs.  Williams  is 
unique. 


GUIDE  TO  IMPORTANT  ARTICLES 
IN  LEADING  MAGAZINES  OF  THE  YEAR  1918 

Prof.   Harlan   P.   Beach,   D.  D. 

Denominational  missionary  periodicals,  with  exceptions  like  the  Church  Missionary 
Review  and  the  World  Outlook,  are  purveyors  of  news  with  no  extended  articles,  and 
its  denomination  alone  is  the  constituency  to  which  each  ministers.  Hence  to  prepare 
a  guide  for  hundreds  of  periodicals,  containing  scarcely  a  single  contribution  more  than 
a  thousand  words  in  length,  and  therefore  relatively  unimportant  for  the  general  Christian 
public,  is  plainly  impracticable. 

In  the  list  below  only  four  general  periodicals  are  used ;  yet  they  are  easily  the  fore- 
most ones  printed  in  the  English  language.  The  International  Review  of  Missions  is 
the  organ  of  the  Edinburgh  World  Conference  Continuation  Committee,  with  offices  in 
Edinburgh ;  The  East  and  the  West  is  the  best  general  periodical  of  England,  and  is 
published  in  London ;  the  Missionary  Review  of  the  World  is  the  best  general  missionary 
periodical  for  all  classes  of  users,  its  offices  being  in  New  York;  and  the  Chinese  Recorder 
is  easily  the  foremost  periodical  published  in  mission  lands,  having  Shanghai  as  its  home. 
The  latter  is  the  only  one  of  the  four  whose  entire  file  for  1918  was  unavailable  for 
selection  of  articles,  the  last  two  issues  not  having  come  to  hand. 


A  Missionary  Survey  of  the  Year  1917. 
International  Review  of  Missions,  Jan- 
uary, pp.  3-58.    Its  editors,  Mr.  Oldham 


and  Miss   Gollock,  annually  provide  the 
best   review    of    world-wide   missions. 
Missionary     Principles :      The     Place     of 


Prayer.  International  Review  of  Mis- 
sions, January,  pp.  59-73.  Mother  Edith 
describes  the  place  prayer  has  had  in 
the  High  Church  Anglican  Sisterhood 
in  which  she  is  so  prominent;  a  very 
striking  testimony  and  argument  for 
prayer  as  a  method  of  work  in  Mis- 
sions. 

Leadership  in  the  Mission  Field.  Interna- 
tional Review  of  Missions,  January,  pp. 
74-83.  The  former  Lieutenant-Governor 
of  Bengal  argues  for  placing  certain  In- 
dian leaders  in  positions  of  responsibility 
and  trust  equal  to  those  occupied  by  thvr 
foreign  missionaries  themselves ;  signifi- 
cant in  view  of  the  British  Government's 
recent  Report  on  India. 

China  and  Medical  Education.  Interna- 
tional Review  of  Missions,  January,  pp. 
84-97.  Dr.  Cochrane,  once  so  prominent 
in  medical  work  in  Peking,  gives  a  very 
comprehensive  survey  of  the  present 
status  in  leading  hospitals  and  medical 
schools,  closing  with  five  important 
items  in  the  medical  missionary  pro- 
gram. 

The  Advocacy  of  Foreign  Missions  at  the 
Home  Base:  A  Statement  of  the  Ex- 
perience of  Forty  Missionaries.  Inter- 
national Review  of  Missions,  January, 
pp.  98-106;  April,  pp.  219-227;  Octo- 
ber, pp.  501-509.  An  unrivaled  discus- 
sion, based  on  experience,  of  various 
matters  affecting  efficient  home  promo- 
tion of   Missions. 

The  Christian  and  Hindu  Conceptions  of 
Sin.  International  Review  of  Missions, 
April,  pp.  145-159.  Professor  Macken- 
zie of  Wilson  College  presents  the  philo- 
sophical aspects  of  sin,  with  less  refer- 
ence to  popular  notions ;  a  contribution 
to  comparative  theology. 

Saint  Francis  Xavier.  International  Re- 
view of  Missions,  April,  pp.  177-185. 
Dr.  Macnicol,  basing  his  article  on  Miss 
Stewart's  recently  published  life  of  the 
Saint,  gives  here  a  study  of  Romanism's 
famous  missionary  as  a  Christian  exam- 
ple and  as  a  promoter  of  unwise  meth- 
ods. 

The  Need  of  a  New  Policy  in  Jewish  Mis- 
sions. International  Review  of  Mis- 
sions, April,  pp.  206-218.  Mr.  Webster, 
for  twenty  years  a  missionary  to  the 
Jews  in  Budapest,  states  the  new 
outlook  for  missions  to  the  Jews  due  to 
the  War,  especially  as  it  affects  the  bulk 
of  that  race  in  Eastern  Europe,  plead- 
ing for  emphasis  of  the  work  in  great 
populous  centers  without  forgetting 
Jewry  throughout  the  world,  and  for  a 


more  serious  conception  of  what  is  now 
often  deemed  the  work  of  faddists. 

The  Awakening  among  the  Middle  Class- 
es of  South  India.  International  Review 
of  Missions,  July,  pp.  289-305.  The 
Chairman  of  the  Forward  Evangelistic 
Movement  Committee  of  the  Madras 
Council  of  Missions  describes  lumi- 
nously the  conditions  and  beliefs  obtain- 
ing in  South  India  and  leading  features 
of   the   recent  awakening  there. 

Stevenson's  Ideal  Missionary.  Interna- 
tional Review  of  Missions,  July,  pp.  353- 
362.  Mr.  Beal  of  the  Jamaican  Mission 
of  the  United  Free  Church  of  Scotland 
states  the  reasons  pro  and  con  which  in- 
fluenced this  great  novelist  of  the  South 
Seas  in  his  estimate  of  missionaries  and 
their  work. 

Where  China  Stands  To-day.  Interna- 
tional Review  of  Missions,  October,  pp. 
433-444.  The  world-wide  student  mis- 
sionary, Sherwood  Eddy,  from  his  re- 
cent visit,  clearly  presents  the  dark  and 
dangerous  situation  there  and  shows  that 
"never  was  there  a  time  when  things 
looked  so  dark  politically  or  so  bright 
religiously,  so  dark  for  the  Government 
or  so  bright  for  the  Christian  Church  in 
China  as  to-day." 

The  Order  of  First  Translations  of  Scrip- 
ture in  Mission  Fields.  International 
Review  of  Missions,  October,  pp.  456- 
469.  An  exceedingly  valuable  statement 
of  a  wide  experience  of  Bible  Societies, 
as  to  the  actual  and  desirable  order  of 
translation  of  books  of  the  Bible,  by 
Dr.  Kilgour  of  the  Translating  Depart- 
ment of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society. 

A  Typical  Mass  Movement  Church — 1806- 
1918.  International  Review  of  Missions, 
October,  pp.  470-480.  Writing  from  In- 
dia's extreme  southern  tip,  Dr.  Cave  of 
the  London  Mission  gives  the  history  of 
their  South  Travancore  work  from  its 
first  convert,  a  Pariah  devil-worshiper, 
to  its  present  status  with  a  membership 
of  100,000,  a  movement  prepared  for  and 
inspired  almost  wholly  by  Indian  Chris- 
tians. 

The  Organization  of  the  Anglican  Church 
in  Uganda :  A  Study  in  Contrasts.  In- 
ternational Review  of  Missions,  October, 
pp.  481-491.  The  contrasts  in  that  very 
remarkable  Anglican  Church  are  be- 
tween dependence  and  independence,  na- 
tive and  foreign,  autocracy  and  democ- 
racy, centralization  and  decentralization, 
and  the  relative  place  of  male  and  fe- 
male Christians— the  basis  of  an  impor- 


65 


tant  study  of  missionary  efficiency. 
Bishop  Willis  is  the  author  and  hence  it 
is  most  authoritative. 

Some  Curious  and  Edifying  Letters  from 
Jesuit  Missionaries.  International  Re- 
view of  Missions,  October,  pp.  510-523. 
Protestant  missionaries  can  learn  much 
from  the  experience  of  Jesuit  mission- 
aries who  have  had  a  large  place  in  the 
mission  field ;  and  Miss  Stewart,  as  in 
her  life  of  Xavier,  so  here,  has  exhib- 
ited the  strength  and  weakness  of  Jesuit 
Missions  of  the  seventeenth  and  eigh- 
teenth  centuries. 

The  Appeal  of  Christian  Brotherhood. 
The  East  and  the  West,  April,  pp.  105- 
121.  Mr.  Brown,  out  of  twenty-one 
years'  experience  in  India,  believes  that 
the  relative  failure  of  Missions  in  Ben- 
gal is  because  missionaries  have  not  lived 
the  life  of  brotherhood,  whole  and  in 
all  its  parts,  discussing  it  in  eight  of  its 
important   aspects. 

An  Indian  Christian  Poet.  The  East  and 
the  West,  July,  pp.  237-246.  The  reader 
of  this  article  by  Mr.  Winslow,  who  as 
a  missionary  in  Ahmednagar  knows  per- 
sonally this  poet,  Mr.  N.  V.  Tilak,  will 
be  able  to  realize  how  large  a  part  In- 
dian poets  may  yet  play  in  the  conver- 
sion of  that  Empire. 

Facts  and  Features  of  Mass  Movements. 
The  East  and  the  West,  October,  pp. 
310-323.  Secretary  Goudie  of  the  Wes- 
leyan  Missionary  Society,  with  twenty- 
four  years  to  his  credit  in  India,  speaks 
with  authority  of  mass  movements, 
which  have  their  grave  problems  and 
causes  for  thankfulness,  and  whose  need 
is  for  trained  leaders  from  their  own 
ranks  or  from  higher  classes  of  Chris- 
tians. 

Tenrikyo:  A  New  Japanese  Sect.  The 
East  and  the  West,  October,  pp.  332- 
344.  This  variant  of  Shintoism  has  as 
its  founder  a  woman  who  died  in  1887 
and  who  resembles  Mrs.  Eddy  in  other 
respects  than  her  doctrine  of  healing. 
It  has  .made  greater  progress  than  any 
other  Japanese  religion,  so  that  it  now 
has  2,000  preaching  places  and  3.500,000 
believers  whose  activities  Mr.  Foxley  in- 
terestingly describes.  Its  missionaries 
are  in  England,  America,  China  and  the 
islands   southeast  of  Asia. 

The  Arya  Samaj  and  Christianity.  The 
East  and  the  West,  October,  pp.  345- 
354.  The  writer,  Mr.  Edwin,  is  of  In- 
dian nationality,  and  describes  this  sect, 
barely  forty  years  old,  as  the  most  fash- 
ionable cr^d  among  the  educated  classes 


of  North  India,  while  Christianity 
spreads  mainly  among  the  lower  classes. 
Unlike  the  Brahmo  Samaj,  it  is  not  a 
half-way  house  to  Christianity,  but  is 
strongly   antagonistic  to  it. 

Looking  through  the  War  Clouds.  Mis- 
sionary Review  of  the  World,  January, 
pp.  11-15.  A  missionary  outlook  upon 
mission  lands  after  three  years  of 
war,  written  by  Dr.  Robert  E. 
Speer. 

A  Continental  Program  for  Africa.  Mis- 
sionary Review  of  the  World,  January, 
pp.  29-36.  A  statesmanlike  proposal  for 
cooperation  and  strategy  to  win  that  im- 
portant field  is  given  by  Secretary  C.  H. 
Patton. 

The  Moslems  of  Central  China.  Mission- 
ary Review  of  the  World,  February,  pp. 
91-96.  A  report  of  visitation  among 
Moslems  of  Central  China  by  Dr. 
Zwemer,  the  apostle  of  Mohammedan 
Missions. 

Lightening  the  Dark  Continent.  Mission- 
ary Review  of  the  World,  February,  pp. 
101-106.  Professor  Naylor,  who  has  vis- 
ited Africa,  tells  of  the  different  forces 
bringing  civilization  and  Christianity  to 
those  peoples. 

A  View  of  the  Situation  in  Russia.  Mis- 
sionary Review  of  the  World,  March, 
pp.  171-180.  Dr.  Mott,  member  of  the 
special  American  Commission,  gives  rea- 
sons for  Russia's  withdrawal  from  the 
war  and  for  continued  faith  in  the  Rus- 
sian people. 

Outlook  for  Missions  in  Mexico.  Mis- 
sionary Review  of  the  World,  March, 
pp.  181-184.  Mr.  Wright,  for  many 
years  a  resident  and  worker  in  Mexico, 
tells  of  Missions  in  revolutionary  times, 
with  the  relation  of  the  laws  to  religion 
and  Missions. 

The  Women  of  Chosen.  Missionary  Re- 
view of  the  World,  March,  pp.  196-201. 
Dr.  Griffis,  expert  in  matters  in  the  Far 
East,  pictures  Korean  women  and  tells 
what  is  being  done  for  them  by  Mis- 
sions. 

Touching  the  "Untouchables"  in  India. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  April, 
pp.  251-262.  Mr.  Badley,  who  has  seen 
the  work  described  and  aided  in  it, 
writes  of  the  extent  and  significance  of 
mass  movements  in  India. 

The  Missionary  Occupation  of  India. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  April, 
pp.  263-268.  Professor  Fleming  of  Un- 
ion Seminary,  formerly  an  Indian  mis- 
sionary, through  diagrams,  maps  and  a 
superlative    massing   of   facts,    gives   the 


66 


best  statement  in  print  on  the  occupa- 
tion and  lack  of   it  in  Indian   Missions. 

The  Gods  of  the  Africans.  Missionary- 
Review  of  the  World,  April,  pp.  272-278. 
Professor  Starr  of  Chicago  University, 
who  has  studied  religions  in  that  con- 
tinent, gives  an  authoritative  but  popu- 
lar description  of  African  ideas  of  re- 
ligion and  tells  of  their  forms  of  wor- 
ship. 

Trekking  the  African  Continent.  Mission- 
ary Review  of  the  World,  May,  pp.  331- 
338.  Professor  Du  Plessis  of  South  Af- 
rica, an  authority  .on  African  Missions, 
tells  the  story  of  his  recent  journey  in 
which  he  crossed  the  continent  three 
times. 

A  Comparison  in  Missionary  Statistics. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  May, 
PP-  350-359-  With  diagrams  and  figures, 
Mr.  St.  John,  Director  of  the  Statistical 
Bureau  of  the  Foreign  Missions  Con- 
ference, gives  striking  facts  of  five 
years'  missionary  progress. 

A  Modern  Apostle  of  Siam.  Missionary 
Review  of  the  World,  June,  pp.  410-422. 
Secretary  Brown  tells  the  story  of  one 
of  the  greatest  of  present-day  mission- 
aries, the  late  Dr.  E.  P.  Dunlap,  who 
was  eyes  to  the  King  and  a  savior  of  the 
people  of  Siam. 

Dr.  John  W.  Butler  of  Mexico,  Mission- 
ary Review  of  the  World,  June,  pp.  439- 
445.  His  sister  gives  salient  facts  in  the 
life  of  a  missionary  who  for  forty-four 
years  was  a  prominent  force  in  Mex- 
ican regeneration. 

Is  Idolatry  Dead  in  China?  Missionary 
Review  of  the  World,  July,  pp.  500-506. 
A  specialist  in  Chinese  religions,  Presi- 
dent Kupfer  of  Kiukiang,  describes 
present  religious  conditions  in  China  and 
their   superstitious   worship. 

Leaves  from  a  Physician's  Notebook. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  July, 
PP-  523"527-  A  medical  missionary  in 
the  Philippines,  Dr.  Thomas,  pictures 
scenes  witnessed  in  his  first  visit  in  1904 
and  contrasts  them  with  conditions  to- 
day. 

The  Centenary  of  Methodist  Missions. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  Au- 
gust, pp.  571-582.  Tyler  Dennett  out- 
lines the  largest  program  ever  under- 
taken by  any  missionary  society  in  com- 
memoration of  the  centenary  of  the 
Methodist  Board  North  whose  anniver- 
sary comes  in  April,  1919. 

The  Indians  of  Central  America.  Mis- 
sionary Review  of  the  World,  August, 
PP-  598-604.    Bishop  Taylor  Hamilton  of 


67 


the  Moravian  Church  pictures  the  ab- 
origines of  the  five  Central  American 
republics,  concerning  whom  we  know 
very  little,  with  special  reference  to 
their  religion  and  their  need  of  indus- 
trial education   under   religious  teachers. 

The  New  Hebrides  Since  John  G.  Paton. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  Sep- 
tember, pp.  650-660.  Dr.  Gunn  renews 
interest  'in  far-away  Pacific  islands, 
where  work  made  famous  by  John  G. 
Paton  is  carried  on  with  success  and 
needs  to  be  continued  if  the  race  is  not 
to  die  out. 

National  or  International  Churches — 
Which?  Missionary  Review  of  the 
World,  September,  pp.  661-669.  Dr. 
Barton  pleads  for  national  churches,  and 
Bishop  Bashford  of  China  for  interna- 
tional churches,  a  very  important  ques- 
tion whose  answer  will  greatly  affect 
missions  in  the  future. 

Industrial  Training  in  the  Far  East.  Mis- 
sionary Review  of  the  World,  Septem- 
ber, pp.  675-680.  In  Korea,  where  self- 
support  is  so  prominent  in  the  infant 
churches,  and  under  a  progressive  rule 
like  Japan's,  the  status  and  importance 
of  industrial  education  as  discussed  by 
Mr.  Underwood  are  most  illuminating. 

Factors  in  China's  Crisis.  Missionary  Re- 
view of  the  World,  September,  pp.  670- 
674,  October,  pp.  754-759.  Sherwood 
Eddy,  whose  wonderful  evangelistic 
tours  have  brought  him  into  contact 
with  prominent  Chinese  in  and  outside 
the  Christian  Church,  writes  of  outstand- 
ing factors  that  are  critical. 

Stiffening  the  Backbone  of  the  Indian 
Church.  Missionary  Review  of  the 
World,  October,  pp.  731-740.  Exalting 
the  dignity  of  manual  labor  and  enrich- 
ing in  various  ways  Indian  Christian 
manhood  through  agricultural  and  indus- 
trial enterprises  of  the  church  are  set 
forth  by  Mr.  Olcott,  vice-principle  of 
Voorhees   College,   South   India. 

French  Indo-China  as  a  Mission  Field. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  Octo- 
ber, pp.  748-753-  Dr.  Zwemer,  whose 
two  passions  are  Mohammedan  Missions 
and  unoccupied  fields,  casts  a  flood  of 
light   on   a  practically  unknown   land. 

Mothers  of  Men  in  Colombia.  Missionary 
Review  of  the  World,  November,  pp. 
826-831,  December,  pp.  917-920.  South 
America  has  its  Jean  Mackenzie  in  Mrs. 
Williams  of  Bogota,  who  writes  here 
most  touchingly  and  fascinatingly  of 
some  of  the  needy  ones  among  Colom- 
bia's women  and  girls. 


Nyasaland  Contrasts — Terror  and  Peace. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  De- 
cember, pp.  897-901.  Donald  Fraser,  one 
of  Africa's  most  consecrated  and  suc- 
cessful missionaries,  writes  graphically 
upon  this   theme. 

Visits  to  Untainted  Children  of  Lepers. 
Missionary  Review  of  the  World,  De- 
cember, pp.  911-916.  Young  people  will 
find  very  interesting  this  account  of 
what  a  young  woman,  Lois  Danner,  saw 
in  her  father's  official  visitation  of  leper 
asylums  in  Japan,  Korea,  China  and  the 
Philippines. 

Democracy  and  Mission  Work  in  China. 
Chinese  Recorder,  pp.  9-14.  Dean  Sar- 
vis,  of  Nanking  University,  discusses  his 
subject  under  the  heads  of  continuity  of 
administration,  specialization,  education, 
socialization,  brotherly  fellowship,  and 
equal   opportunity. 

Some  Effects  of  the  Revolution  on  the 
Chinese  Church.  Chinese  Recorder, 
January,  pp.  14-20.  Under  ten  headings, 
Dr.  Woodbridge  sets  forth  the  changes 
and  contrasts  in  Christianity's  status 
wrought  in  six  years  of  the  Republic's 
life. 

A  Great  Walled  City  Taken  by  Surprise. 
Chinese  Recorder,  February,  pp.  102-107. 
In  his  characteristically  graphic  way, 
Dr.  Scott  tells  "a  story  of  stubborn, 
changing  China,"  where  in  Kao  Mi  the 
opposition  of  that  "age-long,  sin-en- 
crusted center"  was  changed  to  a  wel- 
come to  the  Gospel  and  Christian  civ- 
ilization. 

A  Comparison  Between  the  Distribution  of 
Christian  Literature  in  China  and  Japan. 
Chinese  Recorder,  March,  pp.  158-166. 
Mr.  Dovey,  of  the  Mission  Book  Com- 
pany, Shanghai,  under  nine  heads,  clearly 
and  suggestively  compares  work  in  the 
two    fields. 

The  Appeal  of  Buddhism  to  the  Chinese 
Mind.  Chinese  Recorder,  April,  pp. 
235-242,  May,  pp.  301-309.  From  Mr. 
McNulty,  less  than  ten  years  in  China, 
comes  one  of  the  most  helpful  articles 
on  this  important  theme  ever  written  for 
a  practical  missionary  purpose;  see  the 
May   instalment   especially. 

The  Appeal  of  Christianity  to  the  Chinese 
Mind.  Chinese  Recorder,  May,  pp.  287- 
296,  June,  pp.  371-380.  T.  C.  Chao,  of 
Soochow  University,  tells  us  in  a  philo- 
sophical and  critical  way  of  the  nature 


and  contents  of  the  appeals  made  by 
Christianity  to  the   Chinese  mind. 

The  Missionary  Factor  in  the  Diplomatic 
Problem  of  China.  Chinese  Recorder, 
June,  pp.  381-388.  Despite  Mr.  Hutchin- 
son's "language  student"  age  in  China, 
his  statement  of  the  missionary's  rela- 
tion to  securing  the  nation  from  exter- 
nal aggression  and .  from  internal  ex- 
ploitation is  stimulating  and  constitutes 
a  good  missionary  apologetic. 

Christian  Literature  in  Chinese.  Chinese 
Recorder,  July,  pp.  450-455.  Perhaps  the 
strongest  factor  in  this  symposium  is 
the  fact  that  all  of  the  ten  contributors 
are  Chinese  who  ought  to  know  better 
than  Occidentals  the  sort  of  literature 
most  needed  by  their  countrymen  to- 
day. 

The  Church  and  Its  Community.  Chinese 
Recorder,  August,  pp.  505-513,  Septem- 
ber, pp.  567-576.  Professor  Wilder,  of 
Peking,  gives  specific  suggestions  as  to 
enlightening  the  average  missionary's  ig- 
norance, of  his  Chinese  social  environ- 
ment and  also  as  to  making  Occidental 
social  amelioration  effective  in  mission 
stations ;    exceedingly   valuable. 

The  Present  Condition  of  Mohammedan- 
ism. Chinese  Recorder,  August,  pp.  514- 
518.  Mrs.  Mateer  translates  an  article 
that  appeared  in  the  first  and  only  num- 
ber of  a  Moslem  magazine,  published  in 
1916  in  Peking,  in  which  an  enlightened 
Chinese  Mohammedan  enlarges  upon  six 
dangers  threatening  the  Moslem  faith  in 
China. 

Christian  Illiteracy.  Chinese  Recorder, 
September,  pp.  577-584.  Six  mission- 
aries, most  helpfully  Dr.  Gibson,  state 
the  extent,  seriousness,  and  remedies  for 
the  too  prevalent  illiteracy  in  the  Chi- 
nese Church. 

Architecture  of  China.  Chinese  Recorder, 
September,  pp.  594-606.  Mr.  Thompson 
has  obligated  those  interested  in  archi- 
tecture here,  quite  as  much  as  his  mis- 
sionary friends,  by  this  interpretative 
discussion  of  China's  varied  architec- 
ture, with  its  differing  sources. 

How  to  Extend  the  Chinese  Church.  Chi- 
nese Recorder,  October,  pp.  635-645.  Mr. 
Vale's  translation  of  Rev.  Hsu  Sheng- 
yen's  paper  is  an  unexpectedly  modern 
and  seemingly  practicable  paper  on  a 
subject  concerning  which  missionaries 
may  well  follow  Chinese  guidance. 


GENERAL  INFORMATION 


VISUALIZING  MISSIONS 

Mr.  S.   W.    Boggs 
Importance 

"The  intensity  with  which  a  thing  is  perceived  varies  directly  with  the  number  of 
channels  through  which  it  makes  its  appeal  to  the  intellect." 

To  visualize  an  idea  to  the  physical  eye  is  an  invaluable  aid  to  the  mind  in  its  in- 
stinctive tendency  to  vizualize  "in  the  mind's  eye" — to  get  a  clear  and  concrete  impres- 
sion. The  facts  of  missions  to-day  are  so  voluminous  as  to  make  their  graphic  in- 
terpretation essential  to  those  who  are  studying  them  every  day  and  still  more  im- 
portant  to   those   whose   interest    in   missions   is   casual   or   nil. 

The  war  has  helped  people  to  become  more  accustomed  to  diagrams,  charts  and  maps. 
Their  uses  for  missionary  ends  are  limitless.  For  the  sake  of  the  work  they  attempt  to 
portray,  those  who  construct  mission  charts  and  maps  should  know  the  alphabet  of  this 
eye  language.     Some  practical  suggestions  are  set  forth  in  the  following  paragraphs. 

What  Can  Be  Visualized  for  Missionary    Purposes 

To  give  the  imagination  a  running  start,  the  following  hints  suggest  the  legitimate 
uses  of  graphics  for  missionary  purposes : 

Organization — of  mission  boards,  interdenominational  missionary  societies,  missions 
on  the  field,  churches,  Christian  associations,  or  student  volunteer  bands. 

Grozvth — or  expansion  of  all  sorts,  e.g.,  number  of  Christians  in  mission  fields  at 
various  periods,  income  or  expenditure  of  missionary  societies,  missionary  giving  of  any 
church,  number  of  missionaries  in  any  field.  These  are  comparisons  involving  time,  and 
such  diagrams  and  graphs  are  historical  in  nature. 

Simple  comparisons — of  expenditure,  number  of  missionaries,  or  results  of  work, 
by  countries,  by  societies  supporting  the  work,  or  by  areas  of  missionary  work ;  com- 
parisons between  home  base  facts  with  mission  field  facts,  e.  g.,  expenditures  for  luxuries, 
for  war,  or  for  church  work  at  home,  with  expenditures  for  missions.  This  group  of 
diagrams  and  graphs  leaves  out  the  time  element.  Comparisons  are  made  between  facts 
true  at  a  given  time. 

Non-statistical  facts — which  may  be  represented  by  "pictograms,"  or  diagrams  mak- 
ing use  of  pictorial  illustrations. 

Geographical  location  or  distribution — e.g.,  of  missionaries  of  a  church,  of  a  mission 
board  or  society,  or  of  a  college  volunteer  band. 

General  Suggestions 

I.     Tell  the  truth— be  accurate;  check  up  your  data  before 
using  it,  and  your  diagram  after  making  it. 

The  cross  in  this  diagram  contains  only  70  white  squares, 
leaving  210  black  squares,  whereas  the  legend  beneath  indi- 
cates there  should  be  76  white  squares  and  204  black  squares. 
Further,  many  of  the  white  squares  are  not  quite  as  large 
as  the  black  squares.  Moreover,  the  diagram  does  not  tell 
the  truth,  because  the  eye  cannot  compare  areas  accurately, 
especially  irregular  ones. 

An  illustration  of  the  need  of  analysis  of  data  is  fur- 
nished in  the  statement,  widely  quoted  in  missionary  period- 
icals and  addresses,  that  it  is  estimated  that  "in  witch-ridden 
Africa  4,000,000  people  are  killed  every  year  in  the  endeavor 
to  discover  witches."  Second  thought  reduces  it  to  absurdity. 
Allowing  thirty  years  to  the  generation,  120,000,000  people  in 
Africa  would  lose  their  lives  in  this  way  in  a  single  genera- 
tion. Assuming  a  population  of  135,000,000  in  all  of  Africa 
(part  of  which  obviously  does  not  suffer  from  this  curse), 
this  leaves  only  15,000,000  who  die  natural  deaths  or  from 
disease  and  from  other  causes  in  thirty  years,  or  only  500,000 
a  year,  as  over  against  the  4,000,000  for  witchcraft.  The  cir- 
culation of  such  statements  should  be  nipped  in  the  bud. 

71 


Our  Responsibility 
14.000,000 


EACH  SQUARE  -A  PARISH  Of  50.000 
76WHITE  SQUARES  CAN  BE  EVAN6CL- 
IZEO  BY  PRESENT  STAFF.  204  BLACK 
SQUARES  ARE  UNREACHED. 


2.  Choose  a  method  of  visualization  that  is  capable  of  only  one  interpretation,  and 
that  the  right  one. 

The  illustrations  given  below  are  chosen  with  the  purpose  of  pointing  out  this  vital 
principle. 

3.  Choose  the  method  that  tells  your  story  through  the  eye  to  the  mind  in  the 
quickest  possible  way. 

Clearness  should  not  be  sacrificed  to  variety  or  novelty  of  method.  The  eye  does  not 
calculate;  it  reports.  Diagrams  are  not  puzzles,  they  are  visualizations  of  predigested 
facts  that  tell  their  own  story. 

4.  Every  diagram,  graph,  or  map  should  have  an  adequate  descriptive  title  and 
date,  so  as  to  be  as  nearly  self-explanatory  as  is  practicable. 

The  reader  will  doubtless  recall  charts  with  some  such  title  as  "Income  of  the  Board 
of  Missions,"  which  indicate  neither  the  communion  which  the  mission  board  represents 
nor  the  time  when  the  report  was  made. 

5.  Illustrations  should  accompany  the  text  illustrated  and  not  be  relegated  to  an 
appendix. 

Where  an  "exhibit"  of  charts  is  planned,  of  course  no  text  is  illustrated.  The  arrange- 
ment of  such  charts  in  an  exhibit  is  a  matter  to  be  studied  carefully.  See  bibliography 
at  end  of  this  paper. 

6.  In  drawing  a  diagram  or  graph  which  is  to  be  printed  or  reproduced  on  another 
scale,  all  lines  and  lettering  should  be  made  in  such  proportion  as  to  bear  reduction  or 
enlargement  to  the  size  intended. 

If  illustrations  are  not  prepared  by  a  commercial  artist,  it  is  advisable  to  use  a  reduc- 
ing glass  (or  magnifying  glass)  in  judging  your  drawing,  or  to  consult  your  photo- 
engraver  in  advance. 

Organization  Charts 

7.  Organization  charts  define  relations  and  responsibility.  They  assist  both  the 
missionary  administrator  and  the  person  who  is  quite  unfamiliar  with  the  organization 
of  the  board  or  society.  Nothing  shows  up  the  strong  and  weak  points  of  an  organiza- 
tion so  well  as  an  organization  chart.  It  calls  attention  to  the  need  of  revision  of  con- 
stitutions and  by-laws  (where  such  need  exists),  and  to  the  requirements  of  the  lay-out 
of  offices  and  floor  space,  the  routing  of  correspondence,  etc.  Below  is  given  an  organi- 
zation chart  for  the  Foreign  Missions  Conference  of  North  America. 


Foreign  Missiokai?.y  Societies  op  North  Amewca 


FOREIGN  MISSIONS  CONFERENCE 
OF  NORTH  AMERICA 


Religious  Needs  Anglo- 
Anttrican  Communities 


Board  of  Missionary 
Preparation 


COMMITTEE  OF  REFERENCE 
AND  COUNSEL 


Review  of  the  World" 


Members  ofthe  Executive 


day  School'j 


SUB- COMMITTEES  OF  THE    COMMITTSE    OP  REFERENCE     AND    COUNSEL 


Emergende       Missions 


issions        Finance       -Missionary     Cultivation     b*nlroniiwfi>-     Principles  8      Relation  to      Bureau  d     ArrangCTnenb      Editing 
and      I    and  Head-      Research  of -the.        ulwUuiimi     Methods  of       Similar        Statistics      for  Annual 

Reference  I  |6oventmait?|  |  quarters  |      Library        Home  Church    mtwulAjgEia    (Admimstnlia^       Bodies         6  Research     Conferences       Report 


ThtMisaaiunj 
Research. 
library 


Organijation  Chart  af-the  Foreign  Missions  Ccatfeienceo/Nbrth  America 


72 


Diagrams 

Diagrams  should  read  from  left  to  right,  or  from  top  to  bottom. 


i  ( 


Native       Missionary       Staff 
per    Million    of    Population. 


1917 


nmsO   2    4    6    8    10  12   14  16  18  20  22  24  26  28  30  32  34  36  38  40  42  44 

Native  Missionary  Staff  in  the  non-Christian  World 
Reported  by  Missionary  Societies  in  Canada  and  in 
the    United    States. 


g.  Lettering  should  be  placed  at  the  left  end  of  bars,  or  above  them,  or  on  the  bars 
themselves.  It  should  never  be  put  at  the  right  end.  Figures  at  the  right  of  the  bars 
seem  to  lengthen  the  bars  themselves. 


(bmmunicants  tn  i/ie  Non-Christian  Ubrld 


Communicants  >n  the  Non-Cluistian^rld 


Correctly   made. 

io.  Time  intervals  should  be  propor- 
tionately represented. 

This  principle  applies  to  all  sorts  of  dia- 
grams, graphs  and  charts.  It  is  well  il- 
lustrated in  connection  with  paragraphs 
numbered  8,   12  and  14. 

11.  Comparisons  of  lines  or  of  angles 
are  better  than  comparisons  of  areas  or  of 
volumes. 

For  illustration  of  the  comparison  of 
angles  see  paragraph  numbered  13. 

The  accompanying  illustration  makes  it 
evident  that  the  eye  cannot  compare  areas 
accurately  and  easily.  The  ratio  between 
the  areas  of  the  small  white  circle  and  the 
large  black  circle  is  1 1518,  but  this  ratio 
is  so  great  as  to  make  it  impossible  to 
make  a  good  comparison  in  one  dimension. 
Psychologically  also,  there  is  justification 
in  representing  the  Christian  community 
as  a  spot  of  light  on  a  black  background. 
Only  in  such  instances  is  any  exception 
to  the  above  principle  legitimate. 


Incorrectly  made. 

Christian  Community  in  Japan. 


Christian    Community — 1 15.243. 
Population — 59,676,140. 


73 


Communicants  per   10,000   Population 


CHINA-8  JAPAN-14  1ND1A18  AFRICA-53 

Misleading   to   the   eye — (areas   proportionate   to    numbers   represented). 


Many  misleading  "pictograms"  are  made  on  the  principle  of  this  illustration.  It  is 
impossible  to  tell  whether  the  silhouettes  were  drawn  to  compare  height,  surface  area, 
or  "volume."  Even  if  the  chart  states  on  which  it  was  drawn,  the  eye  is  not  satisfied 
with  the  explanation.  Moreover,  the  point  to  be  illustrated  is  that  Africa  has,  not  a  larger 
communicant,  but  more  communicants,  than  the  other  fields  cited. 


The  following  illustration  reduces  the  same  comparison  to  lines, 
it  preserves  the  originality  and  striking  quality  of  the  chart. 


At  the  same  time 


mum 

CHINA-  8 

llllllflllllli 


Communicants  per   10,000   Population. 


JAPAN-14 


mmmmmm 

INDIA  18 

tMlffffflfffilfft^ 


Corrects  faults  of  the  above  "pictogram." 
74 


12.     Comparisons  in  irregular  areas  and  volumes  are  by  all  means  to  be  avoided. 

Irregular  areas  defy  quick  and  accurate  comprehension. 

Beneath  are  shown  two  diagrams  incorrectly  drawn;  to  the  right  of  each  is  shown 
an  acceptable  means  of  correcting  their  faults. 

GROWTH  OF 
MISSION 
GROWTH  Of  «  SCHOOLS 

MISSION  I&*.  IX  CHINA 

SCHOOLS 
IN  CHINA 

5.000  pupils  in  1876 
16.000  pupils  in  1900 
22.000  pup.ls  .n  1910 
110.000  pupils  in  1916 


M. 


Misleading — proportionate  by  heights, 
while  eye  sees  areas  also;  not  spaced  to 
show  time  element. 


Corrects  faults  of  "pictogram"  to  the  left, 
at  same  time  catching  attention  by  the 
picture. 


Growth  of  Protestant 
Communicants  in  China. 


Misleading — although  it  states  that  heights, 
(not  areas  or  volumes),  are  proportional. 
Time    element    disregarded. 


190O     1907 


Correct.  By  drawing  a  graph  through  tops  of 
spires  in  the  picture  to  the  left,  it  may  best  be 
compared    with    this    corrected    diagram. 


13.    The  parts  of  a  whole  are  best  illustrated  by  bars  or  by  "pie  diagrams.1 

75 


PASTORAL     SUPPORT 
$  6,000 


A  Local  Church.  Budget 

I  CARE  of  PROPERTY  CHOIF 

—+-     $  3,000       -Hi-  $4,OC 

=n : z. — 3-^— 


31.25% 


15.63% 


-20.83^ 


HOME  MISSIONS     FOREIGN  MISSIONS 

-       $  2,800        -HI-        $   3,4-QO 


Vt+14.58%tt1 


Nothing  is  simpler  to  construct  than  a  bar  diagram,  and  it  tells  its  story  admirably. 


"Pie  diagrams"  are  so  com- 
mon as  to  be  almost  universal- 
ly understood.  They  are  some- 
times difficult  to  read,  as  it 
may  be  necessary  to  turn  the 
diagram  around  to  make  out 
the  lettering  in  the  segments. 
A  series  of  "pie  diagrams"  be- 
come monotonous  and  con- 
fuses the  eye. 

The  sectors  of  a  "pie  dia- 
gram" should  not  be  filled  with 
pictures  of  various  sizes,  be- 
cause the  eye  is  tempted  to 
compare  these  pictures  rather 
than  the  angles.  If  there  is 
a  desire  to  distinguish  between 
the  sectors,  they  may  be  col- 
ored, or  various  shadings 
could  be  added  by  an  artist 
(or,  if  to  be  printed,  by  the 
photo-engraver). 


Religions   of  the  World 

Graphs 
14.    Graphs  should  read  from  left  to  right,  and  not  from  top  to  bottom. 

1890  -  $  -4.3Z2.O10 


1895      $  5,355,648 


1900-$   6,204,3S5 


1905  -  $   8,459,653 


1910  -  $  11,946,218 


1915  -  $  16,939,7 


1917  -$  20,437,561 

MILLIONS  O 


\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

s 

16  18  20  22 


Income  of  Missionary  Societies  in  Canada  and  in  the  United  States. 

Deceptive — income  seems  to  have  decreased  to  zero. 
76 


The  "curve"  on  a  graph 
attracts  the  eye  to  follow 
it  from  left  to  right.  A 
glance  at  the  accompany- 
ing graph,  and  at  the  one 
on  the  preceding  page  will 
prove  it. 

It  is  interesting  to  com- 
pare these  two  illustra- 
tions with  those  shown 
with  paragraph  8  and  to 
note  that  while  a  bar  dia- 
gram may  read  from  top 
to  bottom,  a  graph  cannot 
be  so  read. 


15.  Always  begin  at  the 
zero  line. 

To  begin  above  the  zero 
line  changes  the  propor- 
tions, as  illustrated  below 
to  the  left.  The  graph  to 
the  right  corrects  the 
fault. 


health  o/V/~e  United  States,  1850-1918 

( J^eaJ  <mJ  Personal  Property) 

According  {oBureau  of  Statistics.  Dep't  of  Commerce  and.  fabor.  1850-1910 
Accepted  Estimate  Ibri9i8- 


t  240.000,000,000 


$  220,000000000 


$  180,000,000,000 


$  140.000,000,000 


$  120,000,000,000 


$  80,000,000000 


$  40,000,000,000 


$  250,01  lO.OOO.OOO 

/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 

$125 

OOO.OOO.OOO 

J 

$88, 

S17.506.775. 

/$  64,037.09 

.000 

''$42,642,000 

OOO 

$30,068,518, 

OOO 

*^I35,780, 

$  16,159,616, 
XX) 

300 

/ 

/ 

i  8,000,000 

18 

35              19 

00            IS 

05            19 

O             19 

5    19 

1 

» 15,000,000 

J 

1 

*  14,000,000 

/ 

/ 

*  10,000,000 

»  6,000,000 

Total  amounts  raised  in  Canada,  and  ill  the  United  States 
for  missionary  vork  in  Surope,  in  Cattn  Amencd^dnd  in 
the  non-Christian  world 


18BO  1895  190O  1905 

Total  amounts  raised  in  Canada, 
for  missionary  work  in  Surope, 
■the  non-Christian  world 


77 


16.     Choose  a  ratio  of  scales  that  is  eminently  fair  to  fact. 


The  accompanying  illustrations  are 
equally  correct  and  visualize  identical 
data.  Only  the  ratio  of  scales  differs  in 
the  two.  There  is  nothing  in  the  facts 
themselves  to  determine  the  ratio  of 
scales— nothing  except  their  significance. 
Graphs  and  charts  are  like  adjectives,  and 
the  choice  of  the  ratio  of  scales  is  as 
important  as  the  choice  of  language  with 
which  to  relate  the  facts  in  question. 

The  data  to  be  illustrated  must  there- 
fore be  analyzed  carefully  before  the 
graph  (or  diagram)  is  made.  With  data 
such  as  is  used  in  the  accompanying  illus- 
trations, if  one  considers  the  growth  in 
the  number  of  pupils  in  Chinese  schools 
as  quite  ordinary,  some  such  ratio  of 
scales  as  is  used  in  the  graph  to  the  left 
is  satisfactory.  On  the  other  hand,  if 
the  growth  is  considered  phenomenal, 
the  graph  to  the  right  is  more  fair  to 
fact. 

A  study  of  the  graph  on  the  preced- 
ing page,  showing  the  growth  in  wealth 
of  the  United  States,  reveals  an  astound- 
ing increase.  If  one  were  making  a 
graph  of  the  growth  in  wealth  from  1850 
to  ioio,  the  increase  from  $7,135,780,000 
to    $125,000,000,000   in    sixty   years    is    so 


1,800,000 


1.600,000 
1. 400. 000 
1.200,000 
1.000,000 

800,000 
600.000 
400.000 
■200,000 

Growth  in  Number  of  Pupils  in  Chinese  Schools 
of  all  Grades  Having  Government  Recognition. 


Growth  in  Number  of  Pupils  in  Chinese  Schools 
of  all   Grades  Having  Government   Recognition. 


great  as  to  justify  a  vertical  scale  greater  than  is  used  in  the  graph  in  question. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  the  vertical  scale  on  this  graph  had  been  considerably 
greater  (in  proportion  to  the  horizontal  scale)  the  "curve"  from  1850  to  iqio  would 
have  been  so  much  more  nearly  vertical  as  to  tend  to  obscure  the  even  more  phenomenal 
increase  in  wealth  in  the  last  eight  years.  The  ratio  of  scales  used  in  the  graph  may 
be  considered  fair  to  fact  in  that  it  shows  the  wealth  to  have  been  constantly  increasing 
and  to  have  "shot  up"  especially  in  the  last  few  years. 


78 


17-     Logarithmic    ruling    is    best    for    w 
certain  kinds  of  graphs. 

Logarithmic  ruling  permits  of  studies 
in  ratios  rather  than  in  arithmetical  dif- 
ferences. It  is  especially  adapted  to  the 
comparison  of  several  groups  of  related 
facts.  The  accompanying  graph  illus- 
strates  a  very  appropriate  use  of  loga- 
rithmic ruling  for  missionary  purposes. 
The  ruling  in  this  graph  is  sometimes 
known  as  "arithlog" — the  vertical  rul- 
ing is  on  a  logarithmic  scale,  while  the 
horizontal  ruling  is  arithmetical.  There- 
fore, in  reading  such  curves,  variation 
from  parrallclism  measures  variation  in 
relative  growth,  while  variation  from 
straight  lines  measures  variation  from 
geometrically  uniform  growth. 

The  accompanying  graph  illustrates 
the  strong  points  of  this  kind  of  ruling. 
The  differences  between  the  number  of 
communicants  and  the  number  of  for- 
eign missionaries  is  so  great  as  to  make 
it  quite  impracticable  to  show  them  both 
on  the  same  graph  if  made  on  ordinary 
coordinate  ruling.  It  may  be  noted  on 
this  graph  that  the  growth  in  the  for- 
eign mission  staff  has  been  most  irregu- 
lar, and  it  is  interesting  to  see  that  the 
native  staff  has  had  the  most  constant 
and  uniform  growth. 

Both  in  making  and  in  studying  such 
a  graph  it  should  be  remembered  that 
the  upper  two  "curves"  should  not  be 
expected  to  parallel  the  lower  "curves" 
throughout.  Rather  they  should  "lag 
behind,"  since  the  foreign  staff  sent  out 
in  1900,  say,  cannot  be  expected  to  bear 
fruit  in  communicants  at  once.  In  the 
nature  of  the  case,  the  growth  in  communicants  should  be  expected  to  be  greater  (propor- 
tionately) than  the  growth  in  foreign  missionaries  insofar  as  new  converts  themselves 
carry  the  Gospel  to  the  unevangelized. 

It  is  clear  that  the  logarithmic  graph  is  almost  indispensable  to  the  careful  student 
of  missions  for  the  visualization  of  related  facts.  For  publicity  and  conference  pur- 
poses it  may  not  be  so  well  adapted,  because  the  general  public  has  not  yet  learned  to 
read  such  graphs.  They  are  exceedingly  simple,  however,  and  may  be  expected  to  come 
into  much  more  general  use. 


-"' 

"*"" 

/ 

^-"" 

^<s^c 

^^' 

jgS^ 

^ 

r*^~ 

_^» 

6000 

_ 

f-"^1-' 

f 

— -"" 

^sffc* 

*-"~~ 

— - SES857" 

^-"" 

Comparison  of  Data  Reported  by  the  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Societies  in  Canada  and  the  United  States. 
(Income    is    indicated    in    thousands   of    dollars.) 


Maps 

The  paragraphs  under  this  title  treat  both  of  maps  and  of  the  employment  of  maps 
in  diagrams   ("cartograms").     The  principles  here  set  forth  apply  to  both. 

18.  Only  maps  made  on  an  equal-area  projection  and  on  the  same  scale  can  be 
used  in  making  comparisons  between  areas. 


79 


tt  V- 


The  accompanying  "cartogram" 
tells  directly  to  the  eye  what  would 
not  be  remembered  if  told  in  words. 
Obviously,  these  various  maps  could 
not  thus  be  superimposed  upon  the 
map  of  Africa  if  they  were  not  all 
made  on  the  same  scale  and  on  pro- 
jections that  represent  equal  areas 
anywhere  on  the  earth's  surface  by 
equal  areas  on  the  map.  Mercator's 
projection,  for  example,  is  entirely 
useless  for  such  purposes. 

It  is  evident  that  whenever  com- 
parisons between  "densities"  (such  as 
population)  are  to  be  made,  it  is  de- 
sirable to  use  an  equal  area  projec- 
tion. Otherwise  certain  areas  (usual- 
ly those  nearest  the  poles),  are  very 
disproportionately  large,  and  the 
other  areas  appear  to  a  disadvantage. 
An  equal  area  projection  is  not  es- 
sential to  a  "density"  map,  but  it 
adds  to  the  fairness  of  the  presenta- 
tion. 

19.  In  "density"  maps,  intensity 
of  color  or  shading  should  be  pro- 
portionate to   the   density. 

Graded  tints  of  one  color  are  the 
very  best  scheme  and  should  be  used 
whenever  possible.  And  if  dots  or 
lines  are  used  this  principle  should 
be  followed  just  as  strictly. 

20.     When  showing  a  map  of  a  small  area,  an  inset  map  of  the  large  unit  of  which 
it  is  a  part  should  accompany  it  with  the  small  area  indicated. 


Africa  contains  about  12,000,000  square  miles.  Nearly 
4,000,000  more  square  miles  than  North  America;  and  is 
larger  than  Europe,  India,  China,  Western  and  Southern 
Australia   combined,    by   nearly   3,000,000   square   miles. 


Many  missionary  maps  are  of 
little  or  no  use  because  it  is  not 
clear  what  "unknown"  regions 
are  represented.  The  simple  ex- 
pedient of  inserting  an  inset  map 
will  make  it  unnecessary  to  con- 
sult an  atlas  to  learn  what  one  is 
looking  at. 


21.     Pin  maps  are  useful  for  keeping  geographical  information  up  to  date. 

Maps  which  are  mounted  on  soft  composition  board  and  into  which  small  colored 
glass-headed  pins  are  pushed  clear  in  to  the  head,  serve  many  purposes.  Obviously  they 
may  be  kept  up  to  date  by  adding,  removing  or  properly  relocating  the  pins.     Copies  of 

80 


such  a  map  may  be  had  at  any  time  by  photographic  processes,  some  of  which,  such  as 
photostat  prints,  are  quite  inexpensive.  The  pin  maps  are  adapted  to  both  amateur  re- 
quirements and  to  work  requiring  painstaking,  scientific  accuracy. 

Conclusion 

The  occasion  and  the  audience  for  which  it  is  prepared  should  determine  the  graphic 
interpretation  of  fact,  to  the  last  detail.  The  effectiveness  of  the  visualization  of  missions 
for  popular  gatherings,  conferences  and  in  the  printed  page  could  be  greatly  increased  if 
more  attention  were  given  to  the  guiding  principles  of  graphics. 

Very  little  study  has  been  given  to  the  visualization  of  data  for  the  careful  student 
of  missions.  Diagrams  or  graphs  of  certain  fundamental  missionary  facts  ought  to 
become  standard  and  as  indispensable  to  the  missionary  administrator  as  are  Babson's 
charts  to  business  men.  Some  will  object,  saying  that  the  missionary  deals  with  intan- 
gibles. It  is  granted.  So  does  the  business  man,  to  a  greater  degree  than  some  suppose. 
Nevertheless,  there  are  many  tangible  quantities  with  which  missionaries  and  board  secre- 
taries deal,  and  the  visualization  of  these  will  contribute  greatly  to  the  handling  of  the 
less  tangible. 

The  limits  of  space  preclude  suggestions  as  to  methods  of  preparation  of  diagrams, 
graphs  and  maps,  and  as  to  the  most  satisfactory  and  inexpensive  means  of  reproducing 
them  in  quantities.  The  variety  of  resources  available  is  very  great  and  rapidly  increas- 
ing. Some  of  these  methods  are  not  described  in  the  literature  on  the  subject.  The 
Bureau  of  Statistics  and  Research  stands  ready  to  give  such  help  and  suggestion  as  it 
can  to  those  who  are  making  missionary  studies  or  who  wish  to  make  copies  of  visual- 
ized material  for  publicity  and  conference  purposes. 

Selected  Bibliography 

Brinton,  W.  C.  Graphic  Methods  for  Presenting  Facts.  370  pp.  New  York.  Engineer- 
ing Magazine  Company,  1914.  $5.00.  Generously  illustrated,  with  suggestive,  non- 
technical comments.  Covers  wide  range  of  subject  matter  equally  well  arranged  for 
those  who  wish  to  consult  it  on  a  single  point,  and  for  those  who  wish  to  master 
the  whole  subject  of  graphics. 

Routsahn,  E.  G.  The  A  B  C  of  Exhibit  Planning.  234  pp.  New  York.  Russell  Sage 
Foundation,  1918.  $1.50.  For  those  who  are  planning  exhibits  of  any  kind  what- 
ever, this  book  offers  most  practical  suggestions.  Helpful  in  the  visualization  of 
both  statistical  and  non-statistical  facts.  Much  exhibit  effort  is  wasted  for  lack  of 
attention  to  the  matters  discussed  in  this  text.  Well  illustrated.  Contains  valuable 
bibliography. 

Secrist,  Horace.  An  Introduction  to  Statistical  Methods.  482  pp.  New  York.  The 
Macmillan  Company.  $2.00.  Chapters  VI  and  VII  (on  "Diagrammatic  Presenta- 
tion" and  "Graphic  Presentation"  respectively)  give  an  excellent  introduction  to  the 
technical  phases  of  the  graphic  illustration  of  statistical  facts. 


81 


A  TABLE  OF  COUNTRIES 

The  following  table  of  countries  with  their  areas,  populations,  governments  and  pre- 
vailing religions,  is  presented  for  general  reference.  Brevity  of  space  makes  added  details 
and  finer  distinctions  impossible.  The  data  is  taken  largely  from  the  Statesman's  Year 
Book,  1918.  This  has  been  supplemented  with  a  few  estimates  as  to  areas  where  definite 
information  could  not  be  secured.     A  few  minor  areas  have  been  omitted. 

It  should  be  noted  that  for  the  areas  affected  by  the  war,  the  political  divisions  as 
they  existed  in  1914  were  taken  as  the  basis. 


Asia 

Country                            Area  Population             Government 

British    Malaysia    129,798  3,633.000        British   Control 

Ceylon     25,332  3,592,883        British   Control 

China    3,913,560  320,650,000*       Republic 

Chosen     84,738  16,913,224        Japanese 

Province 

French  Indo-China    256,000  16,990,229        French  Control 

India     1,802,629  315,156,396        British   Control 

Japan     1761,000  59,771,334        Monarchy 

Persia    628,000  9,500,000        Monarchy 

Siam     195,000  8,819,686        Monarchy 

Turkish    Empire    710,224  21,273,900        Monarchy 

*  This  is  much  below  the  ordinary  estimate.  Most  authorities 
at  about  400,000,000. 

Latin  America 

Country                                 Area  Population   .  Government 

Argentine    Republic    1,153,119  7,885,237  Republic 

Bolivia     514,155  2,889,970  Republic 

British   Guiana    89,480  313,859  British  Colony 

Brazil   3,290,564  26,542,402  Republic 

Central   America    210,321  5,43T,797  Six  Republics 

Chile     289,829  3,870,002  Republic 

Colombia    440,846  5,071,101  Republic 

Cuba     44,215  2,627,536  Republic 

Dutch  Guiana    46,060  91,622  Dutch  Colony 


82 


Prevailing 
Religion 
Mohammedanism 
Buddhism 
Buddhism 
Hinduism 
Confucianism 
Buddhism 
Taoism 
Buddhism 
Ancestor    worship 
Buddhism 
Taoism 
Hinduism 
Mohammedanism 
Buddhism    * 
Buddhism 
Shintoism 
Mohammedanism 
Buddhism 
Mohammedanism 

place  the  population 


Prevailing 
Religion 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Protestantism 
Hinduism 

Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Protestantism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Hinduism 
Mohammedanism 


Country  Area  Population        Government 

Ecuador    1 16,000  2,000,000  Republic 

French  Guiana   32,000  49,009  French  Colony 

Mexico    767,198  15,501,684  Republic 

Paraguay     165,000  1,000,000  Republic 

Peru     722,461  4,500,000  Republic 

Porto   Rico    3,606  1,118,012  U.  S.  Territory 

Uruguay    72,153  1,378,808  Republic 

Venezuela    398,594  2,827,762  Republic 

Africa 

Country*  Area      Population      Government 

Abyssinia    350,000      8,000,000    Monarchy 

Algeria      343,500     '  5,563,828    French    Province 

Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan  1,014,400      3,400,000    British  Control 

Angola    484,800  4,119,000  Portuguese  Colony 

Belgian    Congo    909,654  12,000,000  Belgian  Colony 

British   East  Africa...  246,822  4,038,000  British    Protectorate 

British  Somaliland    . . .  68,000  300,000  British    Protectorate 

Dahomey    39,ooo  911,749  French   Colony 

Egypt    350,000  12,569,000  British    Protectorate 

Eritrea    45,800  450,000  Italian  Colony 

French  Equatorial  Af- 
rica       669,000  9,000,000  French  Colonies 

French  Guinea  93,ooo  1,812,579  French  Colony 

French  Somaliland   . . .  5,790  208,000  French    Protectorate 

Gambia     4,500  138,000  British  Control 

German  East  Africa   .  384,000  7,680,132  German  Colony  (a) 

German  West  Africa  .  322,200  94,386  German  Colony  (b) 

Gold   Coast    80,000  1,503,386  British  Control 

Italian   Somaliland    . . .  139,430  450,000  Italian  Colony 

Ivory   Coast    125,000  1,417,029  French   Colony 

Kamerun    291,950  3,540,000  German  Protectorate 

Liberia    40,000  1,800,000  Republic 

Madagascar     228,000  3,153,511  French  Protectorate 

Mauritania 344,ooo  600,164  French  Protectorate 

Military    Territory    of 

the  Niger  502,000  850,094  French  Control 

Morocco     231,500  6,000,000  French  Protectorate 

Nigeria     336,000  17,500,000  British  Control 

Portuguese     East    Af- 
rica       426,712  3,120,000  Portuguese  Control 

Portuguese   Guinea     . .  13,940  289,000  Portuguese  Control 

Senegal     74,000  1,247,979  French  Colony 

Sierra  Leone 31,000      1,403,132    British  Control 

Togoland    33,7oo      1,032,346     German  Colony  (c) 

(a)  Under  British  Control. 

(b)  Under  Control  of  the  Union  of  South  Africa. 

(c)  Under  French  and  British  Control. 

83 


Prevailing 
Religion 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 
Roman  Catholicism 


Prevailing 
Religion 
Coptic 
Christianity 
Mohammedanism 
Mohammedanism 
Coptic 
Christianity 
Paganism 
Paganism 
Paganism 
Mohammedanism 
Paganism 
Mohammedanism 
Coptic 
Christianity 
Mohammedanism 

Paganism 
Paganism 
Mohammedanism 
Paganism 
Paganism 
Paganism 
Paganism 
Mohammedanism 
Paganism 
(c)  Paganism 
Paganism 
Paganism 
Christianity 
Mohammedanism 

Paganism 
Mohammedanism 
Mohammedanism 
Paganism 

Paganism 

Paganism 

Mohammedanism 

Paganism 

Mohammedanism 

Paganism 

Paganism 


Country  Area 

Tripoli    406,000 

Tunis     50,000 

Upper  Senegal  and  Ni- 
ger (Sudan)    301,000 


Country 

Dutch  East  Indies 

Philippine  Islands 


Population      Government 
529,000    Italian  Control 
1,953,000    French  Protectorate 

5,598,973    French  Control 
Islands 


Area  Population  Government 
735,000  48,000,000  Dutch  Colony 
114,400      9,000,000    United  States  Control 


Prevailing 
Religion 
Mohammedanism 
Mohammedanism 

Mohammedanism 
Paganism 

Prevailing 
Religion 
Mohammedanism 
Roman   Catholi- 
cism 
Mohammedanism 


RELIGIONS  OF  THE  WORLD 


This  table  has  been  prepared  by  taking 
a  general  average  from  the  three  following 
authorities:  Whitaker's  Almanac,  1917; 
Encyclopedia  Britanncia,  191 1;  Atlas  Hier- 
rarchus,  1913.  The  percentage  of  the  total 
population  of  the  earth  is  given  by  its 
nearest  unit. 

Population  of  the  Earth:  i,640,oooJooo. 


Religions  Adherents    Percentage 

Christians    585,000,000  36 

Taoists    and     Con- 

f ucianists   283,000,000  17 

Mohammedans     . . .  220,000,000  14 

Hindus     217,000,000  13 

Animists    139,000,000  8 

Buddhists    136,000,000  8 

Shintoists    33,000,000  2 

Jews     12,000,000  1 

Unclassified    15,000,000  1 


PROSPECTS  FOR  CALLS  FOR  NEW  MISSIONARIES 


Miss   Vernon    Halliday 


Thinking  in  harmony  with  the  facts  of 
present  world  happenings,  the  statesman- 
like leaders  of  the  Mission  Boards  have 
seen  an  opportunity  opening  before  the 
Christian  church  for  advance  greater  than 
ever  before.  If  the  home  base  officials  can 
do  the  advertising  necessary  and  can  make 
the  Church  face  its  increasing  responsibil- 
ity, the  advances  made  in  contribution  and 
offerings  of  life  for  missionary  service  in 
this  after-the-war  period  will  be  so  great 
compared  to  the  past  that  we  will  want  to 
shout  and  sing, 

"Saul  hath  slain  his  thousands,  and  David 
his  ten  thousands." 

A  tabulation  of  the  countries  to  which 
the  Mission  Boards  of  Canada  and  the 
United  States  last  year  hoped  to  send  rein- 
forcements showed  forty  different  govern- 
ments or  political  divisions.  With  post- 
war conditions,  there  is  no  doubt  that  more 
will  be  added :  Abyssinia,  unoccupied  states 
in  Brazil,  Siberia,  the  Mohammedan  parts 
of  European  Russia,  besides  more  exten- 
sive   Protestant    propaganda    among    nom- 


inally Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  peoples 
in  Europe  and  South  America. 

A  total  of  1023  men  and  women  were 
called  for  by  the  Mission  Boards  which 
sent  lists  to  be  published  in  the  Student 
Volunteer  Movement  Bulletin  last  year. 
These  were  divided  as  follows : 

Evangelistic    Workers    403 

Educational    Workers    348 

Medical — 'Doctors  and  Nurses 220 

Miscellaneous    52 

1023 

Though  the  miscellaneous  calls  are  but 
a  small  proportion  of  the  total  number, 
their  nature  illustrates  the  increasing 
breadth  of  the  missionary  campaign.  There 
were  calls  for  two  stenographers,  an  archi- 
tect, three  printers,  a  mission  treasurer, 
two  farmers  and  four  specialists  in  Sun- 
day School  work. 

Many  of  these  openings  have  not  been 
filled — partly  because  of  a  lack  of  qualified 
men  and  women,  partly  because  war  con- 


84 


ditions  prevented  sailings  and  partly  be- 
cause of  shortage  of  funds  in  some  Board 
treasuries  which  prevented  the  appoint- 
ment of  well  qualified  candidates  ready  to 
go. 

With  the  unfilled  positions  standing  over 
from  last  year,  the  usual  number  of  reen- 
forcements  needed  to  fill  vacancies  caused 
by  illness,  marriage  and  retirement,  and 
the  natural  expansion  expected  from  the 
newly    opened    doors    in    many   places,    we 


may  expect   in   1919  calls  for  many  more 
men  and  women  than  the  1023  in  1918. 

Let  us  hope  and  pray  that  with  ever  in- 
creasing improvement  of  methods  through- 
out the  work  of  the  church  and  greater 
cooperation  among  all  Boards  and  So- 
cieties we  here  at  home  shall  this  year 
come  up  to  the  hopes  and  expectations  of 
the  missionaries  on  the  field  in  sending  to 
them  the  numbers  and  kinds  of  reenforce- 
ments  for  which  they  have  been  pleading. 


85 


DIRECTORY 

PREPARED  BY  THE  BUREAU  OF  STATISTICS  AND 
RESEARCH 

Burton  St.  John,  Director 


DIRECTORY  OF  BOARDS  AND  SOCIETIES 

Rev.   Burton   St.   John 


The  Directory  of  Foreign  Mission 
Boards  and  Societies  has  been  slightly  re- 
arranged from  former  publications  with 
the  hope  that  this  will  facilitate  its  use 
for  reference. 

The  numbers  on  the  right  of  the  names 
of  the  Societies  are  carried  through  the 
statistical  tables  in  order  to  make  it  pos- 
sible easily  to  identify  the  official  names 
of  the  Societies  from  the  abbreviation  used 
in  the  tables. 

The  Societies  have  been  listed  according 
to  the  country  in  which  they  have  their 
headquarters.  The  Societies  in  Canada  are 
listed  first,  after  that  are  those  in  the 
United  States. 

Under  these  countries  the  five  groups 
have  been  arranged  to  conform  with  the 
principle  upon  which  the  Foreign  Missions 
Conference  is  organized. 

First,  are  the  Societies  having  a  definite 
denominational   constituency. 

Second,  are  interdenominational  Socie- 
ties, excepting  those  which  are  distinctly 
educational. 

Third,  are  the  interdenominational  Soci- 
eties which  are  educational.  In  the  latter 
two  groupings  the  term  "interdenomina- 
tional" is  used  to  signify  having  an  organ- 
ization which  is  controlled  by  or  which 
recognizes  official  responsibility  to  two  or 
more  denominations.  The  distinction  be- 
tween the  educational  and  those  which  are 
not  educational  is  merely  one  of  conven- 
ience. 

Fourth,  are  the  independent  Societies,  ex- 
cepting those  which  are  distinctly  educa- 
tional. 

Fifth,  are  the  independent  Societies 
which  are  educational. 

Among  the  independent  Societies  will  be 
found  not  a  few  which  are  auxiliary  to 
organizations  having  their  headquarters 
outside  the  United  States,  chiefly  in  Great 
Britain.    In   such   cases   the   name   of   the 


main  Society  and  its  office  is  given.  These 
however  are  placed  in  brackets. 

Auxiliary  Societies  or  those  having  any 
secondary  relation,  are  indicated  by  a 
smaller  type  whether  the  main  Societies  are 
in  the  United  States  or  not. 

Heretofore  the  denominational  Societies 
have  been  grouped  by  denominational  fam- 
ilies. Difficulties  of  this  arrangement  were 
numerous.  We  have  therefore  followed 
the  plan  of  arranging  the  societies  by  sin- 
gle denominations.  The  name  of  each  de- 
nomination has  been  so  printed,  however, 
that  the  leading  word  in  the  name  comes 
first.  By  this  plan  it  will  be  quite  easy 
for  any  one  to  arrange  his  own  grouping 
by  denominational  families. 

It  is  interesting  to  notice  that  there  are 
seven  organizations  in  Canada  and  twelve 
in  the  United  States  which  have  their  main 
headquarters  in  other  countries. 

It  should  be  noticed  that  a  few  Home 
Missionary  Societies  are  recorded.  This 
is  on  account  of  the  work  carried  on  by 
these  Societies  in  Latin  America.  It  has 
been  necessary  to  include  these  organiza- 
tions in  order  to  preserve  as  a  unity  the 
Latin  American  work. 

In  a  few  instances  historical  notes  have 
been  appended  to  the  directory  statement. 
For  example,  one  might  call  attention  to 
the  note  in  regard  to  the  Moravian  Soci- 
ety, "The  Society  of  the  United  Brethren 
for  Propagating  the  Gospel  among  the 
Heathen."  This  society  was  organized  in 
1745, — more  than  one-half  a  century  be- 
fore the  famous  Williamstown  Haystack 
Meeting.  The  fact  that  this  was  a  regu- 
larly organized  Mission  Board,  holding  a 
Government  charter  and  sending  out  many 
missionaries  long  before  the  date  generally 
spoken  of  as  the  beginning  of  Protestant 
missionary  interest  in  America  quite  uni- 
versally has  escaped  the  attention  of  the 
American  Christian  public. 


CANADA 


BAPTIST    CHURCH 

1 — Canadian  Baptist  Foreign  Mission 
Board    (1846) 

Office:  223  Church  Street,  Toronto,  On- 
tario. 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,   Mr.   J.    N.    Shenstone 
*Gen.   Sec,  Rev.  J.  G.  Brown,  D.D. 
Treas.,   Rev.   H.   E.    Stillwell,   B.A. 
Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 
Bolivia.     The  Non-Christian  World: 
Asia:   India 

la — Women's  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary 
Society    of   Ontario    (West)    (1876) 

Office:    33    Hawthorne  Ave.,   Toronto,    Ontario 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    Albert    Matthews 
*Cor.  Sec.  and  For.  Sec,  Miss  Martha  Rogers 
Treas.,    Mrs.    Glen    H.    Campbell 
Periodical:     "The    Canadian    Missionary    Link." 
Editor,    Miss    J.    M.    Norton.      Price,    $.25 

lit — Women's  Baptist  Foreign  Missionary 
Society  of  Eastern  Ontario  and  Que- 
bec  (1876) 

Office:     Sunnyside    Road,     Westmount,     Quebec 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.   H.   H.   Ayer 
*Cor.   Sec,   Mrs.   P.   B.   Motley 
Treas.,   Miss  F.  M.   Russell 
Periodical:    ."The    Canadian    Missionary    Link." 
Editor,   Miss  J.   M.  Norton.     Price,   $.25 

lc — United  Baptist  Woman's  Missionary 
Union  of  the  Maritime  Provinces 
(1906) 

Office:  Hantsport,  Nova  Scotia 
Executive    Officers: 
.Pres.,    Mrs.    David    Hutchison,    80    Main    St., 

St.  John,  New  Brunswick 
*Cor.  Sec,  Miss  M.  E.  Hume 
Treas.,  Mrs.  Mary  Smith,  Amherst,  Nova  Sco- 
tia 
Periodical:  "Tidings."     Editor,  Mrs.  J.  W.  Man- 
ning,  Wolfville,   Nova   Scotia.      Price,   $.25 
($.35   to  U.   S.  and  other  parts  of  Canada) 


CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND 
2 — Missionary   Society   of  the'   Church  of 
England  in  Canada   (1883) 

Office:   131   Confederation  Life  Building, 
Toronto,  Ontario 


Executive  Officers: 

*Gen.  Sec,  Rev.  Canon  S.  Gould,  M.D. 
Sec.    Anglican    L.M.M.,    Rev.    W.    E. 

Taylor,  M.A.,  Ph.D. 
Field   Sec,   Rev.   T.    B.   R.    Westgate, 

D.D. 
Accountant,  Mr.  R.  A.  Williams 
Gen.  Treas.,  Mr.  J.  A.  Worrell,  K.C., 
D.C.L. 
Periodical:   "The   Mission  World."     As- 
sociate  Editor,  Mrs.   W.   Cummings, 
D.C.L. 
Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 
Chile.      The    Non-Christian    World: 
Asia:  China,  India,  Japan,  Syria,  in- 
cluding   Palestine.      Africa:    Egypt. 
Also  work  in  Canada  among  Indians, 
Eskimo  and  White  Settlers 

2a — Woman's  Auxiliary  to  the  Missionary 
Society  of  the  Church  of  England  in 
Canada  (1886) 

Office:    196   Osgoode    Street,   Ottawa,   Ontario 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    P.    P.    Hall 
*Cor.  Sec,  Miss  Mary  R.  Bogert 
Treas.,  Mrs.  Donaldson,  7  McMaster  Ave.,  To- 
ronto 
Periodical:   "The  Letter  Leaflet."     Editor,  Mrs. 
Willoughby  Cummings,  D.C.L.     Price,  $.25 

CONGREGATIONAL   CHURCHES 
3 — Canadian  Congregational  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary   Society    (1881) 

Office :  Lyon  Avenue,  Guelph,  Ont. 

Executive  Officers: 
*Sec,  Rev.  W.  D.  Spence 
Ed.  Sec,  Rev.  A.  F.  Pollock,  Granby, 
Quebec 

Periodical :  "The  Canadian  Congrega- 
tionalist."  Editor,  Rev.  E.  D.  Sil- 
cox,  4  Sussex  Avenue,  Toronto. 
Price,  $1.25    ($1.50  outside   Canada) 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Af- 
rica: Angola 

Note:  This  Society  is  in  affiliation  with 
the  American  Board  of  Commission- 
ers for  Foreign  Missions 


90 


4 — O  a  n  a  d  a      Congregational      Woman's 
Board  of  Missions   (1886) 
Office:  4  Sussex  Avenue,   Toronto,  On- 
tario 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Mrs.  S.  H.  E.  Moodie 
*Cor.  Sec,  Miss  L.  M.  Silcox 
Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  J.  H.  Wickson 
Treas.,  Miss  Emily  Thompson 
Periodical :    "Monthly    Leaflet."      Editor, 
Mrs.      M.      M.      Savage,      Montreal. 
Price,  $.20. 
Note :    This  Society  is  in  affiliation  with 
the  American  Board  of  Commission- 
ers for  Foreign  Missions 

HOLINESS  MOVEMENT   CHURCH 
5 — Missions  Board  of  the  Holiness  Move- 
ment Church   (1895) 
Office:  Iroquois,  Ontario 

Secretary,    Rev.   J.    W.   Campbell 
Periodical :  "The  Holiness  Era" 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China.     Africa:   Egypt 

MENNONITE  BRETHREN   CHURCH 

6 — Mennonite  Brethren  in  Christ  Mission- 
ary Society,  Ontario  Conference 

Office  :    Stouf  ville,   Ontario 

Secretary,  Rev.  Samuel  Goudie 

METHODIST  CHURCH 

7 — Missionary    Society   of   the    Methodist 
Church,   Canada   (1834) 

Office :  299  Queen  Street,  West,  Toronto, 

Ontario.     Cable :   Wesleyana 
Executive  Officers : 
Gen.  Sec.   Home  Dept,  Rev.  Chas.   E. 

Manning 
Asst.  Sec.  Home  Dept.,  Rev.  A.  Lloyd 
Smith,    M.A. 
*Gen.  Sec.  For.  Dept.,  Rev.  James  En- 
dicott,   D.D. 
Asst.    Sec.   For.   Dept.,   Rev.  Jesse   H. 

Arnup,    BA. 
Sec.    Young    People's    Forward   Move- 
ment,  Rev.   F.   C.    Stephenson,   M.D. 
Hon.  Treas.,  Mr.  G.  W.  Watson 
Periodical :    "The    Missionary    Outlook." 
Editor,  Rev.  C.  E.  Manning.     Price, 

$-5° 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  Japan.     Also  work  in  Canada 

7a — Woman's    Missionary    Society    of    the 
Methodist  Church,   Canada 

Office:    52    Markland    Street,    Hamilton,    Ontario 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.   W.   E.    Ross 
*For.    Sec,    Mrs.    S.    S.    Strachan 
Rec.    Sec,    Mrs.    Walter    T.    Brown,    B.A. 
Treas.,    Mrs.    N.    A.    Powell 
Periodical;     "The     Missionary     Outlook."       Ed- 
itor,  Miss  E.   J.   H.   McGuffin.     Price,  $.50 
($.40    to    clubs    of    six) 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 
8 — Board    of    Foreign,    Missions,    Presby- 
terian Church  in  Canada  (1843) 

Office:  439  Confederation  Life  Building, 

Toronto,  Ontario 
Executive  Officers : 
Chmn.,  Rev.  Principal  Alfred  Gandier, 

D.D. 
Sec,  Rev.  R.  P.  Mackay,  D.D. 
*Asst.    Sec,    Rev.    A.     E.    Armstrong, 

M.A. 
Treas.,  Rev.  J.  Somerville,  D.D. 
Periodical :    "The    Presbyterian   Record." 
Editor,   Rev.   E.    Scott,   D.D.,   Y.   M. 
C.    A.     Building,    Montreal.      Price, 
$.90 
Fields:    Latin    America:     West    Indies: 
Trinidad.      South    America:    British 
Guiana.     The  Non-Christian  World: 
Asia:  China,  Chosen,  Formosa,  India 
8a — Woman's    Missionary    Society    of    the 
Presbyterian       Church      in       Canada 
(Eastern    Section)     (1876) 
Office:    The    Manse,    Scotsburn,    Nova    Scotia 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,   Mrs.   G.   E.   Forbes 
*Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.    Harry    Burns 
Treas.,    Mrs.    D.    Blackwood 
Periodical:  "The  Message."      Editor,  Mrs.  Wm. 
MacNab.      Price,    $.25 
8to — Women's  Missionary  Society   (Western 
Division)      Presbyterian     Church     in 
Canada    (1877) 
Office:     628     Confederation    Life     Building,    To- 
ronto,    Ontario 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.   J.    J.    Steele 
*Cor.    Sec,    Miss    Bessie    MacMurchy 
Intern'l.    Sec,    Mrs.    J.    A.     Macdonald 
Treas.,    Miss    Helen    Macdonald 
Periodical:    "The    Missionary    Messenger."      Ed- 
itor,     Mrs.      John      Mac  Gillivray.        Price, 
$.25 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL 

[Mission  to  Lepers 

Office :    20    Lincoln    Place,    Dublin,    Ire- 
land] 
9 — Mission  to  Lepers,  Canadian  Committee 

Office:     Confederation     Life    Building,     Toronto, 

Ontario 
Secretary,    Miss    Lila    Watt 
Periodical:      "Without     the      Camp."        Editor, 

W.     H.     P.    Anderson,     London,    England. 

Price,    $.25 

10 — Foreign  Department  of  the  Dominion 
Council  of  the  Young  Women's 
Christian  Association  of  Canada 
(1902) 

Office :  332  Bloor  Street,  West,  Toronto, 

Ontario.      Cable :    Emissa'rius 
Secretary,  Miss  Rose  Beatty 
Periodical :    "The    Association    Outlook." 

Editor,   Miss  Una  Saunders.     Price, 

$.50 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 

China,  India,  Japan 


91 


[Women's     Christian     Medical     College, 

Ludhiana 
Office:  Ludhiana,  Punjab,  India] 
11 — Toronto    Committee    of    the    Women's 
Christian  Medical  College,  JLudhiana, 
Punjab,   India 
Office:    68    Macpherson    Avenue,    Toronto,    On- 
tario 
Executive    Officers: 

Hon.    Pres.,    Mrs.    Grant    Helliwell 
Pres.,    Dr.   J.    Gray   Wildman 
*Sec,   Dr.   L.   S.   M.   Hamilton 
Treas.    and    Lit.    Sec,    Dr.    Margaret    Patter- 
son, 97   Walmer   Road 

INDEPENDENT 

[Ceylon  and  India  General  Mission 

Office:  121   Stapleton  Hall  Road,  Stroud 
Green,  London,   N.,  England] 
12— Ceylon  and  India  General  Mission,  Ca- 
nadian  Council 

Office:     33     Richmond    Street,    West,     Toronto, 
Ontario 

Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Rev.    I.    R.    Dean 
*Sec.-Treas.,    Rev.    A.    W.    Roffe 

Periodical:       "Darkness       and       Light.  (Bi- 

monthly.)      Editor,    Mr.    David    Gardiner, 
London,    England.      Price,  $.50 

Fields:    The    Non-Christian    World:    Asia:    Cey- 
lon,  India 

[China  Inland  Mission 
Office:  Grosvenor  House,  The  Ridgeway, 
Wimbledon,  England] 
13 — China    Inland    Mission,    Council    for 
North  America    (Toronto)    (1888) 
Office:  507  Church  Street,  Toronto,  Ont 

Cable:   Inland 
Executive  Officers: 
Home  Director,  Rev.  Henry  W.  Frost 
Act.  Sec,  Rev.  E.  A.  Brownlee 
Treas.,  Rev.  Robert  Wallace 
*Pub.  Sec,  Mr.  Frederic  F.  Helmer 
Periodical:    "China's   Millions."     Editor, 
Mr.    Frederic    F.    Helmer.      Price, 
$.50 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 

[Evangelical    Union   of    South    America 
(1911) 

Office:    8    Essex    St.,    Strand,    London, 
W.C..  England] 

14 Evangelical   Union   of   South  America, 

North  American  Branch 

Office:    35     Isabella    Street,    Toronto,    Ontario. 
Cable:    Regions,    Toronto. 
Sec.-Treas.,    Rev.    George    Smith 

Periodical:    "The    Neglected    Continent."       Ed- 
itor,   Rev.    George    Smith.      Price,    $.35 

Fields:    Latin    America:    South    America:    Ar- 
gentine   Republic,    Brazil,    Chile,    Peru 

15 — Board  of  Management  of  the  Grwalior 
Presbyterian  Mission  (1904) 

Office:    175    Bloor    St.,    East,    Toronto, 
Canada 
Secretary,  Mr.  John  Stenhouse 


Periodical:  "The  Journal  of  the  Gwalior 

Presbyterian  Mission" 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 

India 

[Inland-South-America  Missionary  Un- 
ion 

Office:  130  George  St.,  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land] 
16 — Council  in  Canada  for  the  Inland-South- 
America  Missionary  Union  (1911) 

Office:  33  Richmond  St.,  West,  Toronto,  On- 
tario 

Executive  Officers: 

Chmn.,    Mr;   A.    G.   Malcolm 
*Sec.-Treas.,    Rev.   A.   W.   Roffe 

Periodical:  "Inland-South-America."  Editor, 
Mrs.  Margaret  Hay,  130  George  St., 
Edinburgh,    Scotland.      Price,    $.25 

Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America:  Argen- 
tine   Republic,    Brazil,    Paraguay 

17 — Canadian  McAU  Association 

Office:  28  Beatty  Avenue,  Toronto,  On- 
tario 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Griffith  Thomas 

Vice.    Pres.,    Mrs.    C.    T.    Stark,    Miss 

Copp,   Mrs.   Cowan,  Miss   Carty 
*Cor.  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  Hamilton 
Rec  Sec,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Walker 
Treas.,  Miss  Mary  M.  Caven 
Fields:   Europe:   France 

[General  Mission  Committee  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  South 
Africa    (1824) 

Office:  "Mvera,"  Stellenbosch,  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  Province,  Union  of 
South  Africa] 
18 — Canadian  Committee  of  the  Nyasaland 
Mission  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
Church   of   South   Africa    (1914) 

Office:    33    Richmond   Street,    West   Toronto 

Executive    Officers: 

Chmn.,   Mr.  J.   H.   S.  Kerr 
*Sec.-Treas.,    Rev.  A.   W.   Roffe 

Note:  This  is  an  aiding  Committee  of  the  Nyas- 
aland Mission  and  has  no  work  for  which 
it    is    primarily    responsible 

19 — Canadian  Committee  of  the  San  Pe- 
dro Mission  to  the  Indians  of  South 
America 

Office:  33  Richmond  Street,  West,  To- 
ronto,   Ontario 

Executive  Officers: 
*Treas.,  Rev.  A.  W.  Roffe 
Sec,    Miss    Anna    Steckley,    Bethesda, 
Ont. 

Fields:  Latin-America:  South  America: 
Argentine  Republic,  Bolivia 

Note:  The  San  Pedro  Mission  conducts 
work  in  Argentine  Republic  and  Bo- 
livia. The  Director  is  on  the  field. 
The  above  committee  will  probably 
become  the  permanent  home  base 
committee  of  the  mission 


92 


20 — Sudan  Interior  Mission  (1901) 

Office:  858  College  Street,  Toronto,  On- 
tario.    Cable:    Evangel,   Toronto 
Executive  Officers : 

*Gen.  Director,  Rev.  Rowland  V.  Bing- 
ham 


Sec,  Mr.  Ernest  Jones 

Periodical :  "The  Evangelical  Chris- 
tian." Editor,  Rev.  Rowland  V. 
Bingham.     Price,  $1.25 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Af- 
rica: Nigeria 


UNITED  STATES 


ADVENT   CHRISTIAN 
21 — American     Advent    Mission     Society 
(1897) 
Office:  160  Warren  Street,  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts.   Cable :    Crisis 
Executive  Officers: 

Pres.,  Rev.  Henry  Stone 
*Sec.  and  Treas.,  Rev.  George  E.  Tyler 
Periodical :  "Prophetic  and  Mission  Rec- 
ord."    Editor,  Rev.  George  E.  Tyler. 
Price,  $.50 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
Japan,  China,  India 
21a — Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Mission 
Society    of    the    Advent    Christian 
Denomination    (1897) 
Office:  5  Whiting  Street,  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts.    Cable :  Shram 
Executive  Officers : 

*Pres.    and    Treas.,     Mrs.     Maude    M. 
Chadsey 
Clerk,  Mrs.  N.  E.  Fellows 
Periodical:  "All  Nations  Monthly."     Ed- 
itor, Mrs.  Maude  M.  Chadsey.    Price, 
$-35 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India.      Also    work    in    the    United 
States 

ADVENTIST,   SEVENTH-DAY 
22 — General   Conference   of   the   Seventh- 
Day  Adventist  Denomination  (1863) 

Office :  Takoma  Park  Station,  Washing- 
ton,   District    of    Columbia.      Cable : 
Adventist,  Washington 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  A.  G.  Daniells 
*Sec,  Rev.  W.  A.  Spicer 
Asso.  Sec,  Rev.  J.  L.  Shaw,  M.A. 
Field  Sec,  Rev.  W.  W.  Prescott,  M.A. 
Treas.,  Rev.  W.  T.  Knox 
Periodical :    "The    Advent    Review    and 
Sabbath  Herald."  Editor,  Rev.  Fran- 
cis M.  Wilcox.     Price,  $2.50 
Fields:    Europe:    Austria-Hungary,    Bel- 
gium,   Bulgaria,    Denmark,    France, 
Germany,  Great  Britain,  Greece,  Hol- 
land,    Italy,     Montenegro,     Norway, 
Portugal,  Roumania,  Russia,   Serbia, 
Spain,    Sweden,    Switzerland.     Latin 


America:  Mexico.  West  Indies:  Ba- 
hama Islands,  Cuba,  Haiti,  Jamaica, 
Lesser  Antilles,  Porto  Rico,  Santo 
Domingo.  Central  America:  Brit- 
ish Honduras,  Costa  Rica,  Guate- 
.  mala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Pan- 
ama, Salvador.  South  America:  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  Bolivia,  Brazil, 
British  Guiana,  Chile,  Colombia, 
Ecuador,  Paraguay,  Peru,  Uruguay, 
Venezuela.  The       Non-Christian 

World,  Asia:  British  Malaysia, 
China,  Chosen  (Korea),  India, 
Japan,  Persia,  Siberia,  Syria,  includ- 
ing Palestine;  Turkish  Empire,  ex- 
cepting Syria.  Africa:  Algeria,  Bas- 
utoland,  British  East  Africa,  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  Province,  Egypt,  Eritrea, 
German  East  Africa,  Gold  Coast, 
Mauritius,  Natal,  Nigeria,  Nyasaland, 
Orange  Free  State,  Rhodesia,  Sierra 
Leone,  Transvaal.  Oceania:  Dutch 
East  Indies,  Philippine  Islands, 
Polynesia.  Also  work  in  Australia, 
New  Zealand,  and  the  United  States 

BAPTISTS,   GENERAL 
23 — Foreign    Missionary    Society    of    the 
General     Association     of     General 
Baptists  in  the  United  States  (1903) 
Office:  Oakland  City,  Indiana 
Treas.,  Rev.  W.  P.  Dearing 
Periodical :    "The    General    Baptist   Mes- 
senger" 
Field:  The  Non-Christian  World,  Guam 

BAPTIST  NATIONAL   CONVENTION 
24 — Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  National 
Baptist  Convention  (1880) 

Office:  701    S.   19th  Street,  Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania 
Executive  Officers: 

Chmn.,   Rev.  A.   R.   Robinson,   D.D. 
*Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  L.  G.  Jordan,  D.D. 

Rec  Sec,  Rev.  J.  R.  Bennett,  D.D. 
Periodical :  "The  Mission  Herald" 
Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies: 
Haiti,  Lesser  Antilles,  Santo  Do- 
mingo. Central  America:  Costa 
Rica.  South  America:  British  Gui- 
ana, Dutch  Guiana.     The  Non-Chris- 


93 


tian  World:  Africa:  British  East 
Africa,  Cape  of  Good  Hope  Prov- 
ince,  Liberia,   Natal 

24a — Woman's    Convention    Auxiliary    Na- 
tional Baptist   Convention    (1900) 

Office:      Training      School,       Lincoln      Heights, 

Washington,     District    of     Columbia 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    S.    W.    Layton 
*Cor.   Sec,    Miss  N.    H.    Burroughs 

Treas.,    Mrs.    M.    V.    Parrish 
Periodical:     "The     Miss/ion     Herald."       Editor, 
Rev.    L.    G.   Jordan.      Price,    $.50 

BAPTIST  NORTHERN  CONVENTION 

25 — American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  So- 
ciety (1814) 

Office :    Ford    Building,    Boston,    Massa- 
chusetts.    Cable :    Tavoy,   Boston 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Villers,  D.D. 
*Home    Sec,    Rev.    John    Y.    Aitchison, 

D.D. 
For.    Sec,    Rev.    James    H.    Franklin, 

D.D,  Rev.  Joseph  C.  Robins 
Assist.  Sec,  Rev.  William  B.  Lipphard 
Treas.,   Mr.   George  B.   Huntington 
Joint  District  Sees.,   Rev.   G.   W.   Cas- 
sidy,  D'.D.,  Rev.  Charles  E.  Stanton, 
Rev.    John     S.     Stump,    D.D.,     Rev. 
Frank   Peterson,    D.D.,    Rev.   A.    W. 
Rider,  D.D.,  Rev.  A.  M.  Petty,  D.D., 
Rev.  W.  A.  Hill,  Rev.  W.  G.  Russell, 
D.D.,  Rev.  R.  E.  Farrier,  D.D. 
Periodical:     "Missions."       Editor,     Rev. 
Howard  B.  Grose,  D.D.     Price,  $.75 
Fields:      Europe:      Belgium,      Denmark, 
France,    Germany,    Norway,    Russia, 
Spain,   Sweden.     The  Non-Christian 
World:    Asia:    China,    India,   Japan. 
Africa:  Angola,  Belgian  Congo.  Oce- 
ania:   Philippine   Islands 

25a — Woman's    American    Baptist    Foreign 
Mission  Society    (1871) 

Office:     Foreign     Department,     Ford      Building, 
Boston,    Mass.       Home    Administration    De- 
partment,  450   E.   30th   Street,    Chicago,   Il- 
linois 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    W.    A.    Montgomery 
For.    Vice    Pres.,    Mrs.    H.    W.    Peabody 
Home   Vice    Pres.,    Mrs.    Andrew    MacLeish 
Home    Sec,    Miss    Eleanor    Mare 
*For.     Sec,     Miss    Nellie    G.     Prescott,     Ford 
Bldg.,    Boston,    Mass. 
Asso.    For.    Sec,   Miss   Helen    K.    Hunt 
Field    Sec,    Miss    Ella    D.    MacLaurin 
Publisher,    Miss   Frances  K.    Burr 
Treas.,    Mis£   Alice   E.    Stedman 
Periodical:    "Missions."       Editor,    Rev.    Howard 
B.   Grose,   D.D.        Price,   $.75 

25b — Free     Baptist     Woman's     Missionary 
Society    (1873) 

Office:    Providence,    Rhode    Island 
Hon.    Pres.,   Mrs.    Mary  A.    Davis 
Pres.,    Mrs.    Lucy    Phillips    Durgin 
Vice   Pres.,    Mrs.    Maud   West   Kenvon 


*Cor   Sec,  Miss  Lena  S.  Fenner 
Rec    Sec,    Miss  Nellsine   I.   Jose 
Treas.,   Miss   Edith   R.   Porter 
Periodical:    "The    Missionary    Helper."      Editor, 
Mrs.    Nellie    Wade    Whitcomb.       Price,    $.50 

26 — American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So- 
ciety (1832) 

Office:  23   East  26th   Street,   New   York 

City.     Cable :  Abhomis 
Executive   Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  W.  S.  Abernethy,  D.D. 
*Exec    Sec,    Rev.    Charles    L.    White, 

D.D. 
Treas.,  Mr.  Frank  T.  Moulton 
Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  A.  M.  Bailey,  D.D. 
Sec.     for    English    Speaking    Missions 

and  for  Evangelism,  Rev.  Lemuel  C. 

Barnes,  D.D. 
Sec.     for     Education     and     for    Latin 

America,     Rev.     Gilbert     N.     Brink, 

D.D. 
Sec.    for    City    and    Foreign-Speaking 

Missions,  Rev.  Charles  A.  Brooks 
Edifice  Sec,  Rev.  F.  H.  Divine 
Chairman    Board    of    Managers,    Mr. 

D.    G.    Garabrant,   Bloomfield,    N.  J. 
Rec.    Sec.    Board    of    Managers,    Rev. 

C.   A.   Brooks 
Periodical :     "Missions."      Editor,     Rev. 

H.  B.  Grose,  D.D.     Price,  $.75 
Fields:    Latin   America:    Mexico.     West 

Indies:    Cuba,   Porto  Rico.     Central 

America:  Nicaragua,  Salvador.    Also 

work  in  the  United  States 

27 — Woman's     American     Baptist     Home 
Mission  Society  (1877) 

Office :  2969  Vernon  Avenue,  Giicago,  Il- 
linois 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,   Mrs.  John  Nuveen 
*Cor.  Sec,  Mrs.  Katherine  S.  Westfall 
Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  S.  C.  Jennings 
Treas.,  Mrs.  Washington  Laycock 
Periodical :  "Missions."     Editor,  Rev.  H. 

B.  Grose,  D.D.1     Price,  $.75. 
Fields:    Latin  America:    Mexico.     West 
Indies:    Cuba,   Porto  Rico.     Central 
America:  Salvador,  Nicaragua.    Also 
work  in  the  United  States 

1 A    special    department    "Tidings"    is    edited    by 
Miss  Alice   T.   Anderson 

BAPTIST  SCANDINAVIAN 
28 — Scandinavian  Independent  Baptist  De- 
nomination (1893) 
Office:  P.  O.  Box  325,  Britt,  Iowa 

Sec,  Rev.  John  Edgren 
Periodicals :      "Vittnet."      Editors,    Rev. 
John  Edgren,  Rev.  A.  T.  Norstrom. 
Price,  $.50.    "Sanningens  Van."    Ed- 


94 


itor,  Rev.  N.  P.  Truedson,  Grandy, 
Minn.  Price,  $.50 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Af- 
rica: Natal.  Asia:  China.  Also 
work  in  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada, and  aids  work  in  Denmark, 
Norway  and  Sweden 

BAPTIST   SEVENTH  DAY 
29 — Seventh  Day  Baptist  Missionary  So- 
ciety (1842) 

Office:  Westerly,  Rhode  Island 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,    Rev.    Clayton    H.    Burdick 
*Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  Edwin  Shaw,  1134  East 
7th   Street,   Plainfield,  New  Jersey 
Rec.   Sec,  Mr.  A.   S.  Babcock 
Treas.,  Mr.   S.  H.  Davis 
Periodical :   "The*  Sabbath   Recorder" 
Fields:  Europe:   Holland.     Latin  Amer- 
ica:    British     Guiana.       The     Non- 
Christian  World,  Asia:  China.    Oce- 
ania: Java 

29a — "Woman's  Executive  Board,  Seventh 
Day  Baptist  General  Conference 
(1884) 

Office:     Milton,     Wisconsin 

Secretary,    Mrs.    J.    H.    Babcock 
Periodical:    "Sabbath    Recorder,    Missionary    De- 
partment."     Editor,    Mrs.    G.    E.    Crosley 

BAPTIST  SOUTHERN  CONVENTION 

30 — Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Convention  (1845) 
Office:     1 103     Main     Street,     Richmond, 

Virginia.     Cable :    Ray,    Richmond 
Executive  Officers : 

Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  J.  F.  Love 
*Associate   Sec,   Rev.  T.   B.   Ray,  D.D. 

Treas.,  Mr.  R.  R.  Gwathmey 
Periodical :  "Home  and  Foreign  Fields." 
Edited  and  published  by  the  Sunday 
School  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
tist Convention,  Nashville,  Tennes- 
see 
Fields:  Europe:  Austria-Hungary,  Italy. 
Latin  America:  Mexico.  South 
America:  Argentine  Republic,  Bra- 
zil, Chile,  Uruguay.  The  Non- 
Christian  World:  Asia:  China, 
Japan.     Africa:  Nigeria 

30a — Woman's  Missionary  Union  (Auxili- 
ary to  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion)   (1888) 

Office:     is     West     Franklin     Street,     Baltimore, 

Maryland 
Executive    Officers: 
*Cor.    Sec,    Miss    Kathleen    Mallory 
Treas.,    Mrs.    W.    C.    Lowndes 
Periodical:      "Royal      Service."        Editor,      Mrs. 

W.    R.    Nimmo.      Price,    $.35 
(Note:     This   Society   is  auxiliary  to   the   South- 
ern   Baptist    Convention,    which    operates    with    re- 


spect to  foreign  missions  through  the  Foreign 
Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion, and  with  respect  to  home  missions  through 
the  Home  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention.  The  Woman's  Missionary  Union 
raises  money  for  both  of  these  Boards,  but  it  is* 
primarily  auxiliary  to  the  body  which  created 
them    rather    than    to    the    Boards    themselves.) 

31 — Home  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern 
Baptist    Convention    (1845) 

Office :    1004    Healey    Building,    Atlanta, 

Georgia 
Cor.  Sec,  Dr.  B.  D.  Gray 
Periodical :   "Home  and   Foreign   Fields" 
Fields:    Latin    America:     West    Indies: 

Cuba.      Central    America:     Panama. 

Also   work  in  the  United   States 

BRETHREN       CHURCH       (CONSERVA- 
TIVE) 
32 — General  Mission  Board  of  the  Church 
of  the  Brethren   (Dunkers)    (1884) 
Office :    Elgin,    Illinois.      Cable :    Glenroy 

Sec,  Rev.  J.  H.  B.  Williams 
Periodical :  "The  Missionary  Visitor." 
Editor,  J.  H.  B.  Williams.  Price, 
$.50 
Fields:  Europe:  Denmark,  Sweden.  The 
Non-Christian  World:  Asia:  China, 
India 

BRETHREN  CHURCH   (PROGRESSIVE) 

33 — Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Brethren  Church    (1900) 

Office:  5045  N.  Smedley  St.,  Philadel- 
phia,  Pa. 

Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  J.  Allen  Miller,  D.D,  Ash- 
land,  Ohio 
♦See,  Rev.  Alva  J.  McClain 
Treas,    Rev.    Louis    S.    Bauman,    1905 
E.  5th  St,  Long  Beach,  Cal.  _ 

Periodical :  "The  Brethren  Missionary" 
(Quarterly).  Editor,  Rev.  Louis  _S. 
Bauman,  Long  Beach,  California. 
Price,   $.25 

Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 
Argentine  Republic.  The  Non- 
Christian  World:  Africa:  French 
Sudan   (Tchad  Territory) 

BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST  (TUNKERS) 

34 — Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Brethren 
in  Christ  of  the  United  States  of 
America  and  Canada  (Tunkers) 
(1896) 

Office :  Washington  Boro,  Pennsylvania 
Sec,  Mr.  C.  N.  Hostetter    _ 

Periodical :  "Evangelical  Visitor."  Ed- 
itor, Mr.  George  Detwiler,  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.  .  Price,  $1.25 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India.     Africa:   Rhodesia,  Transvaal 


95 


BRETHREN  (PLYMOUTH) 
35 — Brethren  Missionaries 

Office:   ioo  Sherman  Place,  Jersey  City, 

.N-   J-  .  .  , 

Periodical :  "Voices  from  the  Vineyard." 

Editor,     Mr.      R.     J.      MacLachlan. 

Price,  Free. 

Fields:  Europe:  Russia,  Spain,  Sweden. 
Latin  America:  The  West  Indies: 
Lesser  Antilles.  Central  America: 
Guatemala.  South  America:  Argen- 
tine, Venezuela.  The  Non-Chris- 
tian World:  Africa:  Algeria,  Mauri- 
tius, Sudan.     Asia:  China,  India 

Note:  This  is  not  a  Society,  strictly 
speaking.  The  Missionaries  are  not 
under  supervision  of  a  central  or- 
ganization. "Voices  from  the  Vine- 
yard" acts  as  an  agency  in  transmit- 
ting funds   to  the  missionaries 


CHRISTIAN  AND  MISSIONARY  ALLI- 
ANCE 

36 — Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance 
(1897) 

Office:  6oo  Eighth  Avenue,  New  York 
City 

Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,    Rev.    A.    B.    Simpson,    D.D. 
♦Foreign  Sec,  Rev.  R.  H.  Glover,  M.D. 
Gen.  Sec,  Rev.  W.  M.  Turnbull,  D.D. 
Treas.,  Mr.  David  Crear 

Periodical :  "The  Alliance  Weekly."  Ed- 
itor, Rev.  A.  B.  Simpson;  Associate 
Editor,  Rev.  J.  E.  Jaderquist.  Price, 
$2.00 

Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies: 
Jamaica,  Porto  Rico.  South  Amer- 
ica: Argentine  Republic,  Chile,  Ec- 
uador. The  Non-Christian  World: 
Asia:  China,  French  Indo-China,  In- 
dia, Japan,  Palestine,  Tibet.  Africa: 
Angola,  Belgian  Congo,  French  Sou- 
dan, Sierra  Leone.  Oceania:  Philip- 
pine Islands 


CHRISTIAN   CHURCH  t 
37— Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church  (1878) 
Office:  C.  P.  A.  Building,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

Cable :   Missioner,  Dayton 
Executive  Officers: 
*Sec,  Rev.  M  .T.  Morrill,  D.D. 
Rec   Sec,   Rev.  W.   H.   Denison,   D.D. 
Treas.,   Rev.   O.   S.   Thomas 
Periodical:   "The  Christian  Missionary." 

t'This    should    not   be   confused    with   the    "Dis- 
ciples   of    Christ,"    also    called    Christians 


Editors,  Rev.  M.  T.  Morrill  and 
Rev.   O.    S.  Thomas.     Price,  $.50 

Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies: 
Porto  Rico.  South  America:  Brit- 
ish Guiana.  The  Non-Christian 
World:   Asia:   Japan 

Note :  The  Guiana  field  is  now  the  mis- 
sionary charge  of  the  Afro-Chris- 
tian Convention,  the  negro  branch  of 
the  Christian  Church 

37a — Woman's  Board  for  Foreign  Missions 
of  the  Christian  Church   (1886) 

Office:    Christian    Publishing    Association    Build- 
ing,  Dayton,    Ohio 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    M.    T.    Morrill 
-  Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.    Lulu   C.    Helfenstein 
Treas.,    Miss   Mary   A.    Rowell 


CHURCH  OF  GOD 

38 — Church    of    God    Foreign    Missionary 
Board 

Office:    2524    Gautt     Street,     Cleveland, 

Tenn. 
Executive  Officers : 

Gen.  Overseer,  Mr.  A.  J.  Tomlinson 
*For.  Miss.  Sec,  Mr.  J.  S.  Llewellyn 
Periodical :  "The  Church  of  God  Evan- 
gel."    Editor,  Mr.  A.  J.  Tomlinson. 
Price,  $1.00 
Fields :    Latin    America.     N on-Christian 
World:  Asia:  China.    Africa:  Egypt 
Note :  The  information  at  hand  does  not 
indicate  the  areas  of  Latin  America 
in  which  this   Society,  has  work 

39 — Missionary   Board   of  the   Church   of 
God 

Office :    Gospel    Trumpet    Company,    An- 
derson,   Indiana.      Cable :    Trumpet, 
Anderson. 
Sec,_Mr.  J.  W.  Phelps 

Periodical :  "Gospel  Trumpet."  Editor, 
Mr.   F.   G.   Smith.     Price  $2.00 

Fields:  Europe:  Denmark,  England, 
Germany,  Ireland,  Russia,  Scotland, 
Sweden,  Switzerland.  Latin  Amer- 
ica: West  Indies:  Jamaica,  Lesser 
Antilles.  Central  America:  Panama. 
South  America:  British  Guiana. 
The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  India,  Japan,  Syria.  Africa: 
Egypt.  Oceania:  Fiji  Islands.  Also 
work  in   Australia 

CHURCHES    OF    GOD,    GENERAL    EL- 
DERSHIP 
40 — Mission  Board  of  the  General  Elder- 
ship of  the  Churches  of  God. 
Office :  8t8  North  Cory  St.,  Findlay,  Ohio 

Exec.  Sec,  Rev.  J.  L.  Updegraph 
Periodical :  "The  Church  Advocate."   Ed- 


96 


itor,    Dr.    S.    G.    Yahn,    Harrisburg, 
Pa.     Price,  $2.00 
Field:   The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India    (Bengal) 

40a — Woman's    General  Missionary   Society 
of  the  Churches  of  God   (1903) 
Office:    Martinsville,    111. 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    George    W.    Stoner,    Mt.    Pleas- 
ant,    Pa. 
Vice    Pres.,     Mrs.     S.    G.     Yahn,     Harrisburg, 

Pa. 
Rec.    Sec,    Mrs.    Ross    J.    Geddes,    Columbia 
City,    Ind. 
*Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.    G.    M.    Paxton 
Treas.,     Farmers    Loan    and    Trust    Company, 
Columbia    City,    Indiana 
Periodical:     "The     Church    Advocate."       Editor, 

Dr.    S.    (I.    Yahn.      Price,    $2.00. 
Field:     India 


CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES 

41 — American  Board  of  Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions  (1810) 
Office :  14  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts 
Executive   Officers  : 

Pres.,    Prof.    E.    C.    Moore,    D.D. 

Cor.  Sees.,  *Rev.  James  L.  Barton, 
D.D.,  Rev.  Cornelius  II.  Patton, 
D.D.,  Rev.  Edward  Lincoln  Smith, 
D.D. 

Ed.  Sec.,  Rev.  William  E.  Strong, 
D.D. 

Asso.  Sees.,  Rev.  Enoch  F.  Bell,  Rev. 
D.  Brewer  Eddy 

Pub.  Ag.,  Mr.  John  G.  Hosmer 

Dis.  Sees.,  Rev.  A.  N.  Hitchcock,  D.D., 
Rev.    H.   H.  Kelsey,   D.D. 

Treas.,  Mr.  Frank  H.  Wiggin 
Periodical :  "The  Missionary  Herald." 
Editor,  Rev.  William  E.  Strong,  D.D. 
Price,  $.75 
Fields:  Europe:  Albania,  Austria-Hun- 
gary, Bulgaria,  Greece,  Serbia,  Spain. 
Latin  America:  Mexico.  The  Non- 
Christian  World:  Asia:  Ceylon, 
China,  India,  Japan,  Turkish  Em- 
pire, except  Syria.  Africa:  Angola, 
Natal,  Portuguese  East  Africa, 
Rhodesia,        Transvaal.  Oceania: 

Micronesia,   Philippine  Islands 

41a — Woman's    Board    of    Missions     (1868) 
Office:     14     Beacon     Street,     Boston,     Massachu- 
setts.      Cable:    Fernstalk,    Boston 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    C.    H.    Daniels 
*Home    Sec,    Miss    Helen    B.    Calder 
For.     Sec,     Miss    Kate     C.     Lamson 
Treas.,     Mrs.    Frank    G.    Cook 
Periodical:    "Life   and   Light    for    Woman."     Ed- 
itor,   Miss   Alice    M.    Kyle.      Price,    $.60 

41b — Woman's    Board    of    Missions    of    the 
Interior    (1868) 

Office:    19    South    La    Salle    Street,    Chicago,    Il- 
linois.     Cable:    Wobodin 


Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    George    M.    Clark 
*Sec,    Mrs.    Lucius    O.    Lee 
Treas.,    Mrs.    S.    E.    Hurlbut 

Periodical:     ".Mission     Studies."        Editor, 
Mary    I.    Lyman.      Price,    $.50 


41c — Woman's    Board    of   Missions    for   the 
Pacific 

Office:    525-760    Market    Street,    San    Francisco, 

California 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    Ernest    Evans 
'Home    Sec,    Mrs.    H.    M.    Tenney 
Office    Sec,    Miss    Elizabeth    S.    Benton 
Treas.,    Mrs.    W.    W.    Ferrier 
Periodical:    "Our   Work."      Editor,   Mrs.   W.   W. 
Ferrier.      Price,    $.25 


41d — Trustees  of  the  Endowment  Fund  of 
the  American  College,  Madura,  India 
(1906) 

Office:    287    Fourth    Avenue,    New    York    City 
Executive    Officers: 
*Sec,    Rev.    Edward    Lincoln    Smith,    D.D. 
Treas.,    Mr.    Frank    H.    Warner,    52    Vander- 
bilt   Avenue,    New   York  City 


41e — Trustees    of    Central    Turkey    College, 
Aintab    (1876) 

Office:     14     Beacon     Street,     Boston,     Massachu- 
setts.     Cable:    Fernstalk,    Boston 
Secretary,    Rev.    Enoch   F.   Bell 


41f — Trustees   of  Euphrates   College  Funds 
(1878) 

Office:     14     Beacon     Street,     Boston,     Massachu- 
setts.      Cable:    Fernstalk,    Boston 
Secretary,    Rev.    James   L.    Barton,    D.D. 


41g — Trustees     of     Jaffna     College     Funds 
(1877) 

Office:     14    Beacon     Street,     Boston,    Massachu- 
setts 
Secretary,    Rev.    James    L.    Barton,    D.D. 

Periodical:    "Jaffna   College   Miscellany."      (Cey- 
lon) 


41h — Board  of  Trustees  of  St.  Paul's  Insti- 
tute (1887) 

Office:     14    Beacon    Street,     Boston,     Massachu- 
setts 
Secretary,    Rev.    James    L.    Barton,    D.D. 


42 — American       Missionary       Association 
(1846) 

Office :    287   Fourth   Avenue,   New   York 

City 
Executive   Officers : 

Pres.,   Henry  C.   King,  LL.D. 
*Cor.   Sec,  Rev.  George  L.  Cady,  D.D. 
Ass.    Sees.,   Rev.   Rodney  W.   Roundy, 

Rev.   Samuel  Lane  Loomis,  D.D. 
Treas.,   Mr.   Irving   C.   Gaylord 
Periodical :  "The  American  Missionary." 
Editor,     Rev.     A.     F.     Beard,     D.D. 
Price,  $.50 
Fields:    Latin    America:     West    Indies: 
Porto     Rico.       Also     work     in     the 
United   States 


97 


DISCIPLES    OF     CHRIST     (Also     called 

Cliristian) 
43 — Foreign  Christian  Missionary  Society 

(1875) 

Office :  222  West  4th  Street,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio 

Executive   Officers : 

Pres.,   Rev.   A.   McLean 
Sees.,   Rev.   F.   M.   Rains,   D.D.,   *Rev. 
Stephen  J.  Corey,  LL.D.,  Rev.  A.  E. 
Corey,  D.D.,  Mr.   R.  A.  Doan,   Rev. 
Bert  Wilson,  Rev.  C.  M.  Toeum 
Treas.,  Mr.  C.  W.  Plopper 

Periodical:  "The  World  Call."  Editors, 
Mr.  W.  R.  Warren  and  Mrs.  Effie 
L.   Cunningham.     Price,  $1.00 

Fields:  Europe:  Denmark,  Great  Brit- 
ain, Norway,  Sweden.  The  Non- 
Christian  World:  Asia:  China  (Tib- 
etan Border),  India,  Japan,  Persia. 
Africa:  Belgian  Congo.  Oceania: 
Philippine   Islands 

44 — Cliristian  Woman's  Board  of  Missions 
(1874) 
Office:  College  of  Missions  Building,  In- 
dianapolis,   Indiana 
Executive  Officers : 
*Pres.,  Mrs.  Anna  R.  Atwater 
Vice  Pres.,  Mrs.  Ida  W.  Harrison 
Sees.,  Mrs.  Effie  Cunningham,  Mrs.  J. 
McDaniel  Stearns,  Miss  Daisy  June 
Trout 
Sec,  Y.  B.  D.,  Mrs.  Ellie  K.  Payne 
Sec.    of    Mission    Circles,    Mrs.    Frank 

L.  Johnson 
Treas.,  Mrs.  Susanne  Moffett 
Periodical:   "The  World  Call."     Editors, 
Mr.   W.   R.   Warren   and   Mrs.   Effie 
L.  Cunningham.     Price,  $r.oo 
Periodical :    "King's    Builders."      Editor, 

Mrs.  Ellie  K.  Payne.  Price,  $.25 
Fields:  Latin  America:  Mexico.  West 
Indies:  Jamaica,  Porto  Rico.  South 
America:  Argentine  Republic.  The 
Non-Christian  World:  Asia:  China, 
India.  Africa:  Belgian  Congo.  Also 
work  in  the  United  States,  Canada 
and  New  Zealand 

EPISCOPAL  PROTESTANT 
45 — Domestic  and  Foreign  Missionary  So- 
ciety   of    the    Protestant    Episcopal 
Church    in    the    United    States    of 
America  (1820) 
Office :   281    Fourth   Avenue.    New   York 

City 
Executive   Officers : 
Pres.,  Rt.  Rev.  Arthur  S.  Lloyd,  D.D. 
*For.  Sec,  John  W.  Wood,  D.C.L. 
Dom.   Sec,  Rev.   Francis  S.  White 


Latin   America    Sec,    Rev.    Arthur    R. 

Gray,   D.D. 
Rec  Sec,  Rev.  Franklin  J.  Clark 
Ed.  Sec,  Rev.  Charles  E.  Betticher 
Edu.  Sec,  William  C.  Sturgis  Ph.D. 
Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  R.  Bland  Mitchell 
Treas.,   Mr.   George  Gordon   King 
Assist.  Treas.,  Mr.  E.  Walter  Roberts 
Assist,    to    the    Treas.,    Mr.    Chas.    A. 
Tompkins 
Periodical :    "The    Spirit    of    Missions." 
Editor,    Rt.    Rev.    Arthur    S.    Lloyd, 
D.D.      Price,   $1.00 
Fields:    Latin   America:    Mexico.      West 
Indies:     Cuba,     Haiti,     Porto     Rico, 
Santo    Domingo.      Central   America: 
Panama.      South    America:     Brazil. 
The    Non-Christian     World:     Asia: 
China,      Japan.        Africa:      Liberia. 
Oceania:    Philippine    Islands.      Also 
work   in   the   United    States   and   the 
Hawaiian   Islands 

45a — Woman's  Auxiliary  to  the  Domestic 
and  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  In 
the  United  States  of  America  (1871) 

Office:     281     Fourth    Avenue,     New    York    City. 

Cable:    Fenalong,    New    York 
Executive    Officers: 
*Gen.    Sec,    Miss    Grace    Lindley 
Educ.    Sec,    Miss    Emily    C.    Tillotson 
Organizing    Sec,    Mrs.    George    Biller 
Jun.    Sec,    Miss    Frances    H.    Withers 
Candidate      Sec,      Deaconess      Henrietta      R. 
Goodwin 
Periodical:   "Spirit  of  Missions.''      Editor,   Miss 
Emily    C.t  Tillotson.      Price,    $1.00 

EPISCOPAL  REFORMED 
46 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Re- 
formed Episcopal  Church  (1894) 

Office :    2067    East    Cumberland    Street, 

Philadelphia,    Pa. 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  William  Tracy,  D.D. 
*Sec,  Mr.  H.  H.  Sinnamon 
Treas.,     Rev.     Charles    F.     Hendricks, 
B.D. 
Periodical :   "The    Episcopal    Recorder." 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India 

46a — Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Reformed  Episcopal  Church 
(1889) 

Office:    North    nth    Street,    Philadelphia,    Penn- 
sylvania 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    William    A.    Freemantle 
Rec.   Sec,   Mrs.   S.   B.   Ray 
*Cor.   Sec.  and  Treas.,   Miss  Marie  L.   Brearley 

EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION 

47 — Missionary  Society  of  the  Evangelical 
Association  of  North  America  (1838) 
Office:    Woodland   Avenue,    S.E.,    Cleve- 
land,  Ohio.     Cable:    Evangel 


98 


Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  T.  C.  Meckel 
*Sec.  and  Treas.,  Rev.  George  Johnson 

Field  Sec,  Rev.  B.  R.  Wiener 
Periodicals :  ".hvangelischer  Missions- 
bot'e."  Editor,  Rev.  T.  C.  Meckel. 
Price,  $.25.  "Missionary  Messen- 
ger." Editor,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Gamerts- 
felder.  Price,  $.25 
Fields:  Europe:  Germany,  Switzerland. 
The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  Japan.  Also  work  in  the 
United  States  and  Canada 

47a — Woman's  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Evangelical  Association   (1880) 

Office:    Naperville,    111. 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    E.    M.    Spreng 
*Rec.    Sec.    Miss    L.    Ethel    Spreng 
Treas.,    Miss   E.   L.    Horn 

EVANGELICAL,  UNITED 

48 — Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society 

of   the   United   Evangelical   Church 

(1891) 

Office :     Evangelical     Building,     Harris- 
burg,  Pa. 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  Rev.  U.  F.  Swengel,  D.D. 
Vice  Pres.,  Rev.  S.  L.  Wiest 
Rec.   Sec,  Rev.  J.   Q.  A.   Curry,  D.D. 
*Cor.   Sec,   Rev.   B.    H.'  Niebel,  D.D. 

Treas.,  Mr.  Jeremiah  G.  Mohn 
Periodicals :  "The  Evangelical."  Editor, 
Rev.  H.  B.  Hartzler,  D.D.,  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.  Asso.  Ed.,  Rev.  W.  H. 
Fouke,  D.D.  Price,  $2.00.  "Mission- 
ary Tidings"  and  "Missionary  Gem." 
Editor,  Miss  Emma  D.  Messinger. 
Price,  $.40  and  $.20  respectively 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China.  Also  work  in  the  United 
States 

48a — Woman's  Home  and  Foreig-n  Mission- 
ary Society  of  the  United  Evangeli- 
cal Church  (1891) 

Office:    1 1 14    Illinois  Avenue,    Ottawa,    Illinois 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    W.    J.    Grubler 
*Sec,    Mrs.    Emma    F.    Divan 
Treas.,    Mrs.    J.    G.    Finkbiner 
Periodical:       "Missionary      Tidings."         Editor, 
Miss  Emma  D.   Messinger.      Price,   $.40 

EVANGELICAL  SYNOD 
49 — Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Evan- 
gelical   Synod    of    North    America 
(1865) 
Office:   1920  G  Street,  N.  W.,  Washing- 
ton,  District  of  Columbia 
Executive  Officers : 

*Pres.  and  Sec,  Rev.  Paul  A.  Menzel 
Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  Samuel  Lindenmeyer 
Treas.,  Rev.  Tim  Lehman 


Periodicals :  "Fliegende  Missions-Blat- 
ter," "Our  Work  in  India" 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India 

FRIENDS  (HICKSITE) 

50 — Foreign     Missionary     Association     of 
Friends  of  Philadelphia   (1882) 

Office :    Cheltenham,    Pennsylvania 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,    Mr.    W.    W.    Haviland,    Lans- 

downe,   Pa. 
Gen.  Sec,  Mrs.  William  H    Collins 
*Cor.  Sec,  Miss  Mary  M.  Haines 
Rec  Sec,  Miss  S.  M.  Longstreth 
Treas.,  Miss  Lydia  W.  Rhoads 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
Japan 

FRIENDS  (ORTHODOX) 
51 — American  Friends'   Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  (1894) 
Office:    National    Bank    Building,    Rich- 
mond,   Indiana.     Cable :    Fremi 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  Mr.  George  H.  Moore 
Vice  Pres.,  Mr.  Charles  M.  Woodman 
*Gen.   Sec,  Mr.  B.  Willis  Beede 
Hon.  Sec,  Mr.  Charles  E.  Tebbets 
Treas.,  Mr.  Edgar  F.  Hiatt 
Periodical :  "The  American  Friend."   Ed- 
itor, Mr.  Walter  C.  Woodward.     Price, 
$2.00 
Fields:   Latin   America:    Mexico.      West 
Indies:    Cuba,    Jamaica.      The    Non- 
Christian    World:    Asia:    Palestine. 
Africa:    British   East   Africa 

51a — Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Union  of 
Friends  in  America  (1887) 

Office:    Beloit,   Ohio 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    C.    E.    Vickers 
*Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.    Louise    Urton    Ellett 
Treas.,     Miss    Emma    G.    Randolph 
Periodical:      "Friends'      Missionary      Advocate." 
Editor,     Mrs.     Lenora    N.     Hobbs,     Bloom- 
ingdale,    Ind.      Price,    $.50 
Note:    This    Society    is    auxiliary    to    the    other 
Friends    Missionary    Societies    also 

52 — Board    of   Missions    of    the    Friends' 
Church  of  California  (1895) 

Office :    1425    Bank    Street,    South    Pasa- 
dena,   California 
Supt.,  Mr.  Benjamin  S.  Coppock 

Fields:  Latin  America:  Central  Amer- 
ica: Guatemala,  Honduras.  Also 
work  in  the  United  States 

53 — Friends'    Foreign  Missionary   Society 
of  the  Ohio  Yearly  Meeting  (1890) 
Office:  740  Auld  Street,  Alliance,  Ohio 
Executive  Officers : 
*Cor.  Sec,  Miss  Rachel  Pirn 


99 


Treas.,  Elbert  L.  Benedict 

Periodical :  "Friends'  Oriental  News." 
Editor,  Miss  Esther  H.  Butler. 
Price,  $.35 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,   India 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Yearly 
Meeting  of   Friends   for   New  Eng- 
land (1888) 

Office :  564  Forest  Avenue,  Portland, 
Maine 

Note :  This  Society  became  amalgamated 
with  the  American  Friends'  Board 
of   Foreign   Missions   in   1918 

HEPHZIBAH  FAITH  MISSIONARY  AS- 
SOCIATION 

54 — Hephzibah  Faith  Missionary  Associa- 
tion   (1896) 
Office :   Tabor,   Iowa 
Executive  Officers : 
*Pres.,  Elder  L.   B.  Worcester 
Vice  Pres.,  Elder  J.  M.  Zook 
Sec,  Mrs.  A.  M.  Dye 
Treas.,   Elder  D.  S.  Devore 
Periodicals:     "Good     Tidings."       (Semi- 
monthly). "John-Three-Sixteen." 
(Weekly.) 
Fields:    Latin    America:    Mexico.      The 
Non-Christian    World:    Asia:    India, 
Japan.     Africa:    Natal 

HOLINESS  CHURCH,  INTERNATIONAL 
APOSTOLIC 

55 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  In- 
ternational Apostolic  Holiness 
Church  (1897) 

Office :  1810  Young  Street,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio 

Executive  Officers : 
*Chmn.,  Rev.  George  B.  Kulp 
Treas.,  Rev.  M.  G.  Standley 

Periodicals :  "God's  Revivalist  and  Mis- 
sionary Advocate."  Editors,  Rev. 
M.  G.  Standley,  Mrs.  M  G.  Stand- 
ley,  Mrs.  M  W.  Knoff.  Price,  $1.00. 
"The  Apostolic  Missionary."  Editor, 
Rev.  S.  S.  Nelson,  832  Worth  Ave., 
Greensboro,   N.    C. 

Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies: 
Lesser  Antilles;  South  America: 
British  Guiana.  The  Non-Christian 
World:  Africa:  Cape  of  Good  Hope 
Province,   Natal,   Swaziland 

LUTHERAN  BRETHREN 
56 — Board  of  Missions  of  the  Church  of  the 
Lutheran  Brethren  (1905) 

Office :    1516    Boulevard    Avenue,    Grand 
Forks,  North  Dakota 
Sec,  Rev.  E.  M.  Broen 


Periodical :    "Broderbaandet." 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China  and  Africa 

LUTHERAN  DANISH 
57 — Danish   Evangelical  Lutheran   Church 
in  America  (1872) 
Office:   Dwight,   Illinois 
Executive   Officers  : 
Sec,   Rev.  Aug.   Faber 
*For.  Sec,  Rev.  J.  C.  Aaberg 
Periodicals :   "Kirkelig   Samler,"  "Danne- 
virke,"    "Ungdom,"    "Boernevennem" 
Note :   The  money  raised  by  this  Society 
is    expended    through    Danish    Mis-- 
sionary  Societies,  mainly  in  India 

LUTHERAN,  DANISH  UNITED 
58 — Mission  Board   of  the  United  Danish 
Evangelical     Lutheran     Church     in 
America  (1892) 
Office:  R.  F.  D.  No.  5,  Audubon,  Iowa 

President,   Rev.   G.   B.   Christiansen 
Periodical :   "Dansk  Luthersk  Kirkeblad" 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
Japan.     Also  work  for  Indians  in  the 
United   States 

LUTHERAN  FREE  CHURCH 
59 — Lutheran  Board  of  Missions  (Lutheran 
Free  Church  of  U.  S.  A.)    (1895) 

Office :     Augsburg     Seminary,     Minneap- 
olis,    Minnesota.      Cable :     Missions, 
Minneapolis 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,   Rev.  Johan  Mattson 
*Sec,   Prof.   Andreas   Helland 

Treas.,  Prof.  J.   H.  Blegen 
Periodical :  "Folkebladet" 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China.     Africa:   Madagascar 

LUTHERAN,  JOINT  SYNOD  OF  OHIO 

60 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Joint  Synod  of  Ohio  and 
Other  States  (1818) 

Office :    306   Germania   Street,    Columbus, 
Ohio 
Secretary,  Rev.  J.  H.   Schneider 

Periodicals :  "Kirchenzeitung,"  "The 
Lutheran    Standard" 

Note :  Funds  raised  for  Foreign  Missions 
are  sent  to  support  workers  in  In- 
dia 

LUTHERAN  NORWEGIAN 

61 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Nor- 
wegian Lutheran  Church  of  America 
(1917) 

Office:  425  South  4th  Street,  Minneap- 
olis. Minn.     Cable :   Madakina 


Executive  Officers : 
Chmn.,   Rev.  J.   R.   Birkelund,   M.D. 
Vice  Chmn.,  Rev.  J.  N.  Sandven 
*Miss\  Sec,  Rev.  M.  Saeterlie 
Rec.   Sec,   Prof.  M.  J.   Stolee 
Treas.,   Rev.   Peter  Taugjerd 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China.      Africa:    Madagascar,    Natal. 
Also  work  in  Alaska  and  among  the 
Chippewa  Indians 
Note:  This  Society  is  a  consolidation  of 
the     following    three    organizations : 
United  Norwegian  Evangelical  Luth- 
eran Church   of   America,   Board  of 
China     Mission     of      Hauges     Nor- 
wegian  Evangelical   Lutheran  Synod 
of  America,  Eoreign  Mission  Board 
of    the    Synod    for    the    Norwegian 
Evangelical  Church 

LUTHERAN  SYNOD  OF  IOWA 

62 — Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  Iowa 
and  Other  States  (1854) 

Office :  Waverly,  Iowa 

Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,   Rev.   F.   Richter,   D.D.,   Clinton, 

Iowa 
Vice   Pres.,  Rev.   C.   Proehl,   Mandota, 
Illinois 
*Secretary,    Rev.    Johs.    Becker,    Wav- 
erly,  Iowa 
Treas.,    Rev.    J.    Haeffner,    Muscatine, 
Iowa 

Periodicals :  "Kirchenblatt."  Editor, 
Rev.  F.  Richter,  D.D.,  Clinton,  Iowa. 
Price,  $1.00.  "Lutheran  Herald." 
Editor,  Rev.  E.  Rausch.  Price,  $.50. 
"Die  Missionsstunde."  Editor,  Rev. 
C.  Taubert,  Leola,  South  Dakota. 
Price,  $.25 

Note :  The  funds  of  the  Society  go  to  the 
support  of  work  under  the  General 
Council  (now  United  Lutheran)  ; 
the  Leipzig  Mission  in  East  Africa, 
the  Gossner  Mission  in  India  and  the 
Rhenish  Mission  in  New  Guinea. 
As  yet  it  has  sent  out  no  foreign 
missionaries 


Periodicals :  "Der  Lutheraner."  Editor, 
Prof.  L.  Fuerbringer,  Concordia 
Seminary,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
Price,  $1.00.  "Lutheran  Witness." 
Editor,  Prof.  Theo.  Graebner,  Con- 
cordia Seminary,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 
Price,  $1.00 

Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,    India 

LUTHERAN  UNITED 
Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  United  Luth- 
eran Church  (1918) 

Note :  This  Society  is  the  result  of  the 
consolidation  of  the  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions  of  the  General  Coun- 
cil of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church,  the  Board  of  Missions  for 
Porto  Rico  and  Latin  America  of  the 
General  Council  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church,  the  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions  of  the  General  Synod 
of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church 
and  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions 
of  the  United  Synod  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  of  the 
South 

Woman's  Missionary  Society  of  the  United 
Lutheran  Church   (1918) 

Note:  This  Society  is  the  result  of  the  con- 
solidation of  the  Women's  Missionary  So- 
cieties auxiliary  to  the  three  Boards  which 
joined  to  form  the  Foreign  Mission  Board 
of   the    United    Lutheran    Church 

64 — China  Missionary  Society  of  the  Au- 
gustana  Synod  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church  of  North  America 
(1902) 

Office :  1739  Eleventh  Avenue,  Moline,  Il- 
linois 

Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,   Rev.   O.  J.  Johnson,   D.D.,  St. 
Peter,  Minn. 
*Cpr.   Sec,  Rev.   Adolph  Hult 

Periodical :  "Kina  Missionaren."  Edi- 
tor, Rev.  A.  F.  Aimer,  New  London, 
Minn.     Price,    $.25 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 


LUTHERAN       SYNODICAL       CONFER-       65— Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Gen- 


ENCE 
3 — Board    of    Foreign    Missions    of    the 

Evangelical     Lutheran     Synod     of 

Missouri,    Ohio    and    Other    States 

(1893) 
Office:  2243  South  Jefferson  Avenue,  St. 

Louis,    Missouri.      Cable :    Concord- 

sem 
Pres.    and    Gen.    Sec,    Rev.     Richard 

Kretzschmar 


eral  Council  of  the  Evangelical  Lu- 
theran Church  in  North  America 
(1869) 

Office:    1716    Arch    Street,    Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania.     Cable :    Drach 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  Rev.  L.  G.  Abrahamson,  D.D. 
Vice  Pres.,  Rev.  Prof.  C.  Theo.  Benze, 

D.D. 
*Gen.  Sec,  Rev.  George  Drach 


Treas.,  Mr.  James  M.  Snyder 
Periodical :    "The    Foreign    Missionary." 

Editor,   Rev.    George   Drach.     Price, 

$.25 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 

India,  Japan 
Note:    This    Society    has    been    merged 

into   the   Foreign   Mission   Board   of 

the  United  Lutheran  Church 

65a — Woman's  Missionary  Society  of  the 
General  Council  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church  in  -North  America 
(1911) 

Office:      1016     Wayne     Street,     Erie,     Pennsyl- 
vania 
Executive    Officers : 
*Pres.,    Miss    Zoe    I.    Hirt 
Rec.    Sec,    Miss    Florence    Beaver 
Treas.,    Miss   Laura   V.    Keck 
Periodical:    "Lutheran    Mission    Worker."      Ed- 
itor,   Mrs.   F.   A.   Kahler,   998   Main   Street, 
Buffalo,    New    York.      Price,    $.35 
Note:    This    Society    has    been    merged    into    the 
Woman's       Missionary       Society       of       the 
United    Lutheran    Church 

66 — Board  of  Missions  for  Porto  Rico  and 
Latin  America  of  the  General  Coun- 
cil   of    the    Evangelical    Lutheran 
Church  in  North  America  (1898) 
Office:    576    Orchard    Avenue,    Bellevue, 
Pennsylvania 
Sec,  Rev.  B.  F.  Hankey 
Fields:    Lathi    America:     West    Indies: 

Porto  Rico 
Note:  This  Society  has  been  merged  into 
the    Foreign    Mission   Board    of    the 
United  Lutheran  Church 
67 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Gen- 
eral    Synod     of     the     Evangelical 
Lutheran    Church    in    the     United 
States  of  America  (1869) 
Office:  21   West   Saratoga   Street,   Balti- 
more, Maryland 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  Ezra  K.  Bell,  D.D. 
*Sec.  and  Treas.,  Rev.  L.  B.  Wolf,  D.D. 
Periodical:    "Lutheran   Church   Work." 
Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 
British   Guiana.     The  Non-Christian 
World:     Asia:     India.    Africa:     Li- 
beria 
Note :  This  Society  has  been  merged  into 
the   Foreign    Mission    Board    of    the 
United   Lutheran    Church 
67a — Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Mission- 
ary Society  of  the  General  Synod  of 
the  Evang-ellcal  Lutheran  Church  in 
the  United  States  of  America  (1879) 
Office:    Lutherville,    Maryland 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    J.    G.    Traver,    Hartwick    Semi- 
nary,   New    York 
First     Vice     Pres.,     Mrs.     Iva     A.     Baltzley, 

Ph.D.,    Omaha,    Nebraska 
Cor.   Sec,  Miss  Mary  Hay  Norris 
Rec.    Sec,    Miss   Margaret    D.    H.    Lilly 


*Sec,    Mrs.    Helen    C.    Beagle 
Treas.,    Miss    M.    Margaret    Miller 
Periodical:    "Lutheran    Woman's    Work."      Ed- 
itor,    Mrs.    J.     F.     Seebach,    Hollidaysburg, 
Pennsylvania.       Price,    $.50 
Note:    This    Society    has   been   merged    into   the 
Woman's       Missionary       Society       of      the 
United    Lutheran     Church 

68 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
United  Synod  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church  in  the  South  (1892) 
Office  :P.  O.  Box  87,  Columbia,  South 
Carolina.  Cable:  Brown,  Columbia, 
S.  C. 
Executive  Officers: 

Pres.,  Rev.  M.  J.  Epting,  D.D. 
*Gen.  Sec,  Rev.  C.  L.  Brown,  D.D. 
Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  W.  C.  Schaeffer,  Jr. 
Treas.,  Mr.  John  A.  Cline 
Periodical :    "Lutheran    Church    Visitor." 
Editor,    Rev.    J.    W.    Horine,    D.D. 
Price,     $1.50.       "Tidings."       Editor, 
Mrs.  E.  C.  Cronk.     Price,  $.35 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 

Japan 
Note :  This  Society  has  been  merged  into 
the    Foreign    Mission   Board   of    the 
United  Lutheran  Church 

68a — Woman's  missionary  Conference  of 
the  United  States  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church  in  the  South  (1904) 

Office:    Marian,    Virginia 

Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,     Mrs.     M.     O.     J.     Kreps,     Columbia, 
South    Carolina 
*Cor.   and   Statistical   Sec,   Mrs.  E.  H.   Copen- 
haver 
Treas.,     Mrs.    J.    L.    Kiser.    Hickory,    North 
Carolina 

Periodical:  "Lutheran  Church  Visitor."  Ed- 
itor, Mrs.  M.  O.  J.  Kreps,  Woman's  Mis- 
sionary    Department.       Price,     $1.50 

Periodical:  "Tidings."  Editor,  Mrs.  E.  C. 
Cronk.      Price,    $.35 

Note:  This  Society  has  been  merged  into  the 
Woman's  Missionary  Society  of  the  Unit- 
ed  Lutheran    Church 

MENNONITE  and  AMISH  MENNONITE 
69 — Mennonite    Board    of    Missions    and 
Charities    (1899) 

Office :   Dakota,   Illinois 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,   Rev.  C.  Z.  Yoder 
*Sec,  Bishop  J.   S.   Shoemaker 
Treas.  and  Financial  Agent,  Mr.  G.  L. 

Bender 
Field  Worker,  Bishop  S.  E.  Allgyer 
Periodicals :  "The  Gospel  Herald."     Ed- 
itor, Bishop  Daniel  Kauffman.  Price, 
$1.25.     "Christian  Monitor."     Editor, 
Rev.  H.  Frank  Reist.     Price,  $1.00 
Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 
Argentine      Republic        The      Non- 
Christian  World:  Asia:  India.    Also 
work  in  the  United  States 


MENNONITE  BRETHREN 

70 — Foreign  Missions  of  the  Conference  of 

the  Mennonite  Brethren  Church  of 

North  America  (1900) 

Office :  Mountain  Lake,  Minnesota 

Secretary,  Rev.  N.  N.  Hiebert 
Periodical :    "Zions-Bote."      Editor,    Rev. 

A.    L.    Schellenberg.      Price,    $1.00 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 

China,    India.      Also    work    in    the 

United  States 

MENNONITE  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST 
71 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania   Conference    of    the    Men- 
nonite Brethren  in  Christ  (1883) 
Office:    819    Gordon    Street,    Allentown, 
Pennsylvania 
Secretary,  Rev.  C.  H.  Brunner 
Periodical :    "The    Eastern    Gospel    Ban- 
ner."    (Weekly.)     Editor,  Rev.  C.  H. 
Brunner.     Price,  $1.50 
Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 
Argentine        Republic.     The       Non- 
Christian  World:  Asia:  China 
Note :  This  Society  works  through  other 
organizations — the       Christian       and 
Missionary   Alliance,   and  the   China 
Inland  Mission 

72 — United  Orphanage  and  Mission  Society 
Office:  727  Wolf  Avenue,  Elkhart,  Indi- 
ana 
Secretary,  Rev.  A.  B.  Yoder 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 

The  Turkish  Empire 
Note :  The  work  on  the  field  of  this  So- 
ciety has  been  suspended  on  account 
of  the  War.  It  has  given  its  full 
energies  to  the  Armenian  and  Sy- 
rian Relief  Work  during  the  year 

MENNONITES,      CENTRAL      CONFER- 
ENCE and  DEFENSELESS 
73 — Congo  Inland  Mission   (1916) 

Office :   Meadows,  Illinois.     Cable :    C.   I. 

M. 
Secretary,  D.  N.  Claudon 

Periodical:  "Zion's  Call."  (Semi-month- 
ly.) Editor,  Mr.  Ben  Rupp.  Price, 
$1.00 

Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Af- 
rica: Belgian  Congo 

MENNONITE,       GENERAL       CONFER- 
ENCE 

74 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Gen- 
eral Conference  of   the  Mennonites 
of  North  Aiperica  (1880) 
Office :  Goessel,  Kansas 


Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  J.  W.  Kilewer 
*Sec,  Rev.  P.  H.  Richert 

Treas.,  Rev.  Gustav  Harder 
Periodical :     "The     Mennonite     Bundes- 

bote" 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  India.     Also  work  among  the 
North  American  Indians 

MENNONITE,  KRIMMER  BRUEDER- 
GEMEINDE 

75 — China  Mennonite  Mission  Society 
(1913) 

Office :  Hillsboro,  Kansas 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,   Rev.  John  L.  Friesen 
*Sec,  Rev.  D.  E.  Harder 
Periodical :    "Wahrheitdf  reund."     Editor, 

Mr.  D.  M.  Hofer.     Price,  $r.oo 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 
76 — Board    of    Foreign    Missions    of    the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  (1819) 

Office:    150    Fifth    Avenue,    New    York 

City 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson 

Cor.     Sees.,     S.    Earl    Taylor,    LL.D., 
*Rev.   Frank  Mason'  North,  D.D. 

Treas.,   Rev.   George  M.  Fowles,  D.D. 

Asst.   Treas.,   Rev.   George   S.    Suther- 
land 

Staff  Sees.,  Rev.  George  Heber  Jones, 
D.D.,  Rev.  T.  S.  Donohugh,  Rev. 
B.  T.  Badley,  D.D.,  Rev.  Harry  Far- 
mer 
Fields:  Europe:  Austria-Hungary,  Bul- 
garia, Denmark,  France,  Germany, 
Italy,  Norway,  Russia,  Sweden, 
Switzerland.  Latin  America:  Mex- 
ico. Central  America:  Panama. 
South  America:  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, Bolivia,  Chile,  Paraguay,  Peru, 
Uruguay.  The  Non-Christian  World: 
Asia:  British  Malaysia,  China, 
Chosen  (Korea),  India,  Japan.  Af- 
rica: Algeria,  Angola,  Belgian  Con- 
go, Liberia,  Madeira  Islands,  Portu- 
guese East  Africa,  Rhodesia,  Tunis. 
Oceania:  Dutch  East  Indies,  Philip- 
pine  Islands 

76a — Woman's  Poreig-n  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
(1869) 

Office:     150     Fifth    Avenue,     New    York    City. 

Cable:    Formis 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    William    Fraser    McDowell 


IO3 


*Sec,    Miss    Amy    G.    Lewis 
Treas.,    Miss   Florence    Hooper 
Periodical-       "Woman's       Missionary       Friend." 
Editor,    Mrs.   Elizabeth    C.    Northup.     Price, 
$.50 
Fields:   Europe:  Bulgaria.    Italy,    France.     Latin 
America:    Mexico.      South   America:   Argen- 
tine   Republic,    Peru.    Uruguay.      The  Non- 
Christian     World:    Asia:     British     Malaysia, 
China,      Chosen      (Korea),      India,      Japan. 
Africa:   Algeria,    Angola,    Portuguese    East 
Africa,    Rhodesia,    Tunis.       Oceania:    Phil- 
ippine   Islands 

77 — Board  of  Home  Missions  and  Church 
Extension  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church  (1819) 

Office:   17th  and  Arch  Streets,  Philadel- 
phia, Pennsylvania 
Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  D.  D.  Forsyth,  D.D. 
Periodical :    "Quarterly    Bulletin" 
Fields:    Latin    America:     West    Indies: 
Porto  Rico.   Also  work  in  the  United 
States 

78 — Woman's  Home  Missionary  Society  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
(1880) 

Office:  150  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Wilber  P.  Thirkield 
*Cor.   Sec,   Mrs.   May  Leonard  Wood- 
ruff 
Rec.  Sec,  Mrs.  D.  D.  Thompson 
Treas.,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Jennings 
Periodical :   "Woman's   Home  Missions." 
Editor,    Mrs.    Levi    Gilbert.      Price, 
$.50.     "Children's     Home    Missions." 
Price,  $.20 
Fields :    Latin    America:     West    Indies: 
Porto  Rico.     Also  work  in  the  Unit- 
ed States 

METHODIST   EPISCOPAL,   AFRICAN 
79 — Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Depart- 
ment    of    the     African    Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  (1844) 

Office :  62  Bible  House,  New  York  City. 
Cable :   Amechurch,  New  York 

Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Bishop  J.  Albert  Johnson,  D.D. 
*Cor.  Sec-Treas.,  Rev.  James  W.  Ran- 
kin, D.D. 

Periodical :  "Voice  of  Missions."  Editor, 
Rev.  James  W.  Rankin.     Price,  $1.00 

Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies:  Ba- 
hama Islands,  Haiti,  Jamaica,  Santo 
Domingo.  South  America:  British 
Guiana,  Dutch  Guiana,  French  Gui- 
ana. The  Non-Christian  World: 
Africa:  Cape  of  Good  Hope  Prov- 
ince, Liberia,  Natal.  Orange  Free 
State,  Sierra  Leone,  Transvaal.  Also 
work  in  the  United  States 


79a — Women's  Home  and  Foreign  Mission- 
ary Society  of  the  African  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  (1892) 

Office:    Charleston,    South   Carolina 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    S.    G.    Simmons 
•See,    Mrs.    S.    J.    Channel 
Periodical:      "The      Women's      Missionary      Re- 
corder" 
79b — Woman's  Parent  Mite  Missionary  So- 
ciety of  the  African  Methodist  Epis- 
copal  Church    (1874) 
Office:    Holmesburg,    Pennsylvania 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,     Mrs.    Mary    F.    Handy 
*Sec,    Mrs.    M.    S.    C.    Beckett 
Treas.,    Mrs.    B.    K.    Hurst 
Periodical:      "The      Women's      Missionary      Re- 
corder" 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  ATRICAN 
ZION 

80 — Missionary  Society  of  the  African 
Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church 
(1892) 

Office:    123 1    Cornell   Avenue,    Indianap- 
olis,  Indiana 
Corresponding   Secretary:   Rev.  J.   W. 
Wood,  D.D. 

Periodical :  "The  Missionary  Seer."  Ed- 
itor, Rev.  J.  W.  Wood.     Price,  $.50 

Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies:  Ba- 
hama Islands,  Santo  Domingo.  South 
America:  British  Guiana.  The  Non- 
Christian  World:  Africa:  French 
Congo,  Gold  Coast,  Liberia,  Sierra 
Leone.  Also  work  in  the  United 
States 

80a — Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Mission- 
ary Society  of  the  African  Methodist 
Episcopal  Zion  Church. 

Office:     624     South     16th     Street,     Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania 
Secretary,   Mrs.  Annie  A.   Blackwell 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL,  SOUTH 
81 — Board  of  Missions  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  South  (1846) 

Office:    810    Broadway,    Nashville,    Ten- 
nessee 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  Mr.  John   R.   Pepper 
Vice  Pres.,  Bishop  W.  R.  Lambuth 
*Gen.  Sec,  Rev.  W.  W.  Pinson,  D.D. 
Sees.  Foreign  Department,  Rev.  E.  H. 
Rawlings,  D.D.,  Miss  Mabel  Howell, 
Miss   Esther   Carr 
Home  Mission  Sees.,  Rev.  O.  E.  God- 
dard,  D.D.,  Mrs.  R.  W.  MacDonell, 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Downs 
Educational    Sees.,    Rev.    C.    G.    Houn- 

shell,    Mrs.    Hume   R.    Steele 
Treas.,  Mr.  J.  D.  Hamilton 
Assist.  Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  H.  E.  Ross 
Periodical :     "The     Missionary     Voice." 
Editor,     Mr.     Robert     B.     Eleazer. 
Price,  $.50 


104 


Fields:  Latin  America:  Mexico.  West 
Indies:  Cuba.  South  America:  Bra- 
zil. The  Non-Christian  World: 
Asia:  China,  Chosen  (Korea),  Japan. 
Africa:  Belgian  Congo.  Also  work 
in    the    United    States 

81a — Woman's  Missionary  Council  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South 
(1846) 

Office:    810    Broadway,    Nashville,    Tenn. 
Executive    Officers: 
*Pres.,    Miss    Belle    H.    Bennett 
Sec.    Oriental    Fields,    Miss    Mabel    K.    Howell 
Sec.    Latin   America   and  Africa,    Miss   Esther 

Case 
Treas.,  Mrs.  F.  H.  E.  Ross 
Periodicals:  "The  Missionary  Voice"  (joint 
with  Board  of  Missions).  Editors,  Mrs. 
R.  B.  Eleazer,  Mrs.  E.  B.  Chappell.  Price, 
$.50.  "The  Young  Christian  Worker." 
Editor,  Miss  Sara  Estelle  Haskin.  Price, 
$.25 

METHODIST,  FREE 

82 — General  Missionary  Board  of  the  Free 
Methodist  Church  of  North  America, 
(1882) 

Office:  1 132  Washington  Boulevard,  Chi- 
cago, Illinois.  Cable:  Tidings,  Chi- 
cago 

Executive  Officers: 

Pres.,  Bishop  Walter  A.  Sellew 
*Sec,  Rev.  John   S.   MacGeary 
Field  Sec,  Rev.  F.  L.  Baker 
Treas.,  Rev.  George  W.  Saunders 

Periodical :  "The  Free  Methodist."  Ed- 
itor, Rev.  J.  T.  Logan.     Price,  $1.50 

Periodical :  "Missionary  Tidings."  Ed- 
itor, Miss  Adella  P.  Carpenter. 
Price,  $.50 

Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies: 
Santo  Domingo.  Central  America: 
Panama  (Canal  Zone).  The  Non- 
Christian  World:  Asia:  China,  In- 
dia, Japan.  Africa:  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  Province,  Natal,  Portuguese 
East  Africa,  Transvaal.  Also  work 
in  the  United  States 

82a — Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Free  Methodist  Church  of 
North  America    (1882) 

Office:    Oneida,    New    York 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    Mary   L.    Coleman 
*Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.   C.   T.    Bolles 
Treas.,    Mrs.    Lillian   C.   Jensen 
Periodical:     "Missionary    Tidings" 

METHODIST,  PRIMITIVE 
83 — American  Auxiliary  of  the  Primitive 
Methodist    Foreign    Missionary    So- 
ciety (1896) 
Office:   33   North   Market   Street,  Mount 
Carmel,  Pennsylvania 
Secretary,   Rev.   James   Iley 


Periodical :  "The  Herald."  Editor,  Rev. 
J.  T.  Barkby.  Price,  free  to  contrib- 
utors 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Af- 
rica: Cape  of  Good  Hope  Province, 
Nigeria,  Orange  Free  State,  Rho- 
desia,  Rio   Muni,   Transvaal 

Note:  This  is  auxiliary  to  the  Primitive 
Methodist  Foreign  Missionary  Soci- 
ety of  England.  The  fields  given 
are   those   of  the  parent   Society 

METHODIST,  PROTESTANT 
84 — Board    of    Foreign    Missions    of    the 
Methodist  Protestant  Church  (1834) 

Office:   316  North  Charles   Street,  Balti- 
more, Maryland 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  F.  W.  Varney,  D.D. 
*Cor.   Sec,   Rev.  Fred  C.   Klein 
Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  J.  C.  Broomfield,  D.D. 
Gen.  Treas.,  Rev.  C.  H.  Beck,  D.D. 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India,   Japan 

85 — Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church 
(1879) 

Office :   Catonsville,  Maryland 
Executive   Officers : 

Pres.,  Mrs.   E.   C.   Chandler 
*Rec  Sec,  Mrs.  Henry  Hupfield 
Cor.   Sec,  Mrs.  D.  S.  Stephens 
Treas.,  Mrs.  L.  K.  East 
Periodical :    "The    Woman's    Missionary 
Record."     Editor,  Mrs.  J.  F.  McCul- 
loch,     Greensboro,     North    Carolina. 
,  Price,  $.50 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,   Japan 

METHODIST,  UNION  AMERICAN 
86 — Board    of    Foreign    Missions    of    tho 
Union    American    Methodist    Epis- 
copal Church  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada  (1914) 
Office :  766  Line  Street,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Secretary,  Rev.  Orlando  S.  Watts 
Periodical :  "The  Union  Recorder."     Ed- 
itor,   Rev.    Orlando    S.    Watts,    766 
Line    Street,    Camden,   N.   J.     Price, 

^■5°    .  .  .    . 

Note :  This  society  was  organized  in 
1914  by  the  direction  of  the  Church, 
but  on  account  of  the  war  has  been 
delayed  opening  its  work .  on  the 
field.  It  is  expected  that  a  mission 
will  be  begun  in  Africa  very  soon 
after  peace  has  been  declared 


105 


METHODIST,  WESLEYAN 
87 — Missionary   Society  of   the  Wesleyan 
Methodist    Connection    of    America 
(1889) 
Office:   Sheridan,  Indiana 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Mr.  E.  G.  Dietrich 
*Sec,  Rev.  Eber  Teter 

Treas.,  Mr.  J.  S.  Willett 
Periodical:   "Wesleyan  Methodist" 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India.     Africa:   Sierra  Leone.     Also 
work  in  the  United  States 

87a — Women's  Home  ana  Foreign  Mission- 
ary Society  of  the  Wesleyan  Metho- 
dist Church 

Office:    Houghton,    New    York 
Executive    Officers: 
*Pres.,    Mrs.    Francene    A.    McMillan 

Cor.    Sec.    Mrs.    Carrie    L.    Graves 

Treas.,    Mrs.    Clara    Wilson 

METROPOLITAN  CHURCH  ASSOCIA- 
TION 

88— Burning  Bush  Mission   (1909) 
Office:    Fountain    Spring    House,    Wau- 
kesha,  Wisconsin.     Cable:    Harvey 
Secretary,  Mrs.  E.  L.  Harvey 
Periodical:    "The    India   Burning    Bush" 
(India).     Editor,  Mr.  J.  S.  Whipple. 
Price,     Three     Rupees      ($1.50     to 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India 

MORAVIAN  CHURCH 
89— Mission    Board    of    the    Evangelical 
Church  of  the  Brethren  (The  Morav- 
ian Church)    (1732)    (International) 
Office:    20    Church     Street,     Bethlehem, 
Pennsylvania 
Secretary,    Rev.    Paul    de    Schweinitz, 
D.D. 

89a — Society  of  the  United  Brethren  for 
Propagating-  the  Gospel  Among1  the 
Heathen    (1745) 

Office:    20    Church    Street,    Bethlehem,    Pennsyl- 
vania 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Bishop   C.   L.    Moench,    D.D. 
*Vice      Pres.      and      Treas.,      Rev.      Paul      de 
Schweinitz,   D.D. 
Sec,    Rev.    John    S.    Romig,    D.D. 
Periodical:      "The     Moravian."        Editor,      Rev. 

Chas.  D.  Kreider.  Price,  $1.50 
Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies:  Jamaica, 
Lesser  Antilles,  Santo  Domingo.  Central 
America:  Nicaragua 
Note:  The  above  are  the  fields  in  which  the 
American  Moravians  are  particularly  in- 
terested. They  contribute  also  to  the 
support  of  all  the  work  of  the  Church 
throughout    the    world 

This  was  doubtless  the  first  Foreign 
Missionary  Society  organized  in  America, 
which  worked  for  others  than  North 
American    Indians 


NEW  JERUSALEM  CHURCH 

90 — Board  of  Home  and  Foreign  Missions 

of   the  General  Convention  of   the 

New  Jerusalem  in  the  United  States 

of  America. 

Office:    3   West  29th   Street,   New   York 

City 
Executive   Officers : 

Pres.,  Mr.  Ezra  Hyde  Alden 
*Sec,  Rev.  Paul  Sperry,  1437  Q  Street, 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Treas.,  Lloyd  A.  Frost 
Periodical:    "The   New   Church   Messen- 
ger."    Editor,    Rev.    John    S.    Saul. 
Price,  $3.00   (weekly  issue) 
Note :  This  Society  assists  work  in  Swe- 
den,  Denmark,   France,   Switzerland, 
Germany,     Austria-Hungary,     Spain, 
British    Guiana    and    New    Zealand. 
A  missionary  in  Japan  is  maintained 

PENIEL  MISSIONS 
91 — Peniel  Missionary  Society  (1895) 
Office:  227  South  Main  Street,  Los  An- 
geles, California 
Secretary,   Rev.  T.   P.  Ferguson 
Periodical :  "Peniel  Herald" 
Fields :    Latin    America:     West    Indies: 
Porto    Rico.      South    America:    Bo- 
livia.      The    Non-Christian     World: 
Asia:   China,  India.     Africa:   Egypt. 
Also  work  in  the  United  States 

PENTECOST  BANDS  OF  THE  WORLD 

9£— Pentecost  Bands  of  the  World  (1896) 
Office:    no   Virginia   Avenue,    Indianap- 
olis, Indiana 
Miss.    Sec,    Miss    Stella   Bare 
Periodical :  "The  Heart  of  Light" 
Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies:  Ja- 
maica.    The   Non-Christian   World: 
Asia:    India,   Japan.     Also   work   in 
the  United  States 

PENTECOSTAL  CHURCH 

93 — General  Foreign  Missionary  Board  of 

the  Pentecostal  Church  of  the  Naz- 

arene   (1897) 

Office :  2109  Troost  Avenue,  Kansas  City, 

Missouri 
Executive  Officers : 

Gen.  Sup.,  Rev.  H.  F.  Reynolds,  D.D. 
*Sec.  and  Treas.,  Rev.  E.  G.  Anderson 
Periodical :  "Other  Sheep."     Editor,  Rev. 

E.  G.  Anderson.  Price,  $.25 
Fields :  Latin  America:  Mexico.  West 
Indies:  Cuba.  Central  America: 
Guatemala.  The  Non-Christian 
World:  Asia:  China,  India,  Japan. 
Africa:  Cape  Verde  Islands.  Swa- 
ziland. Also  work  in  the  United 
States 


106 


PRESBYTERIAN,        ASSOCIATE        RE- 
FORMED 
94 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  As- 
sociate      Reformed       Presbyterian 
Church  (1873) 
Office :    Due   West,   South   Carolina 
Executive   Officers: 

Pres.,  Rev.  F.  Y.  Pressly,  D.D. 
.  *Sec,  Rev.  G.  G.  Parkinson,  D.D. 
Periodical :     "The    Associate     Reformed 

Presbyterian" 
Fields:    Latin    America:    Mexico.      The 
Non-Christian   World:   Asia:   India 

PRESBYTERIAN,  ASSOCIATE  SYNOD 

95 — Associate  Presbyterian  Church  (1882) 
Office:   210  South   Second  Street,  Albia, 
•  Iowa 

Secretary,  Rev.  A.  M.  Malcolm 
Periodical :        "Associate        Presbyterian 
Magazine."     Editor,  Rev.  D.  J.  Ma- 
son, Washington,  Iowa.     Price,  $2.00 

PRESBYTERIAN,   CUMBERLAND 
96 — Woman's   Board   of   Missions   of   the 
Cumberland     Presbyterian     Church 
(1880) 
Office:  American  Trust  Building,  Evans- 

ville,  Indiana 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Mrs.  Johnie  Massey  Clay 
*Sec.  and  Treas.,  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Graf 
Periodical :    "Cumberland    Presbyterian." 
(Weekly.)      Price,   $1.50.     "Cumber- 
land   Presbyterian    Banner"    (Week- 
ly).    Price,  $1.50 
(Mrs.  Walter  Crawford  edits  a  Woman's 
Missionary     Board     Department     in 
each    of   the   church   periodicals) 
Fields :  The  N on-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 

PRESBYTERIAN   IN   UNITED   STATES 
(SOUTH) 

97 — Executive  Committee  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  United  States  (South)    (1861) 
Office:  P.  O.  Box  158,  Nashville,  Tennes- 
see 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,   Rev.  James   L.  Vance,   D.D. 
*Exec.    Sec,    Rev.    Egbert    W.    Smith, 
D.D. 
For.    Cor.    Sec,    Rev.    S.    H.    Chester, 

D.D. 
Field  Sec,  Rev.  H.  F.  Williams,  D.D. 
Educ  Sec,  Rev.  John  I.  Armstrong 
Treas.,  Mr.  Edwin  F.  Willis 
Periodical :     "The    Missionary     Survey." 
Editor,    Dr.     S.     H.     Chester,    D.D. 
Price,  $75 


Fields :  Latin  America:  Mexico.  West 
Indies:  Cuba.  South  America:  Bra- 
zil. The  Non-Christian  World: 
Asia:  China,  Chosen  (Korea), 
Japan.  Africa:  Belgian  Congo 
97a — Woman's  Auxiliary  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church  in  the  United  States 
(South)    (1912) 

Office:     520-521     Ltelmar     Building,     St.     Louis, 
Mo. 
Superintendent,    Mrs.    W.    C.    Winsborough 

Periodical:  "The  Missionary  Survey."  Editor, 
Mr.  Wade  C.  Smith,  6  N.  6th  St.,  Rich- 
mond,   Va. 

PRESBYTERIAN  IN  THE  U.  S.  A. 
(NORTH) 

98 — Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America  (1837) 

Office:    156    Fifth    Avenue,    New    York. 

Cable:  Inculcate  N.  Y. 
Executive   Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  George  Alexander,  D.D. 

Sees.,  Robert  E.  Speer,  D.D.,  Rev.  Ar- 
thur J.  Brown,  D.D.,  Rev.  A.  W. 
Halsey,  D.D.,  *Rev.  Stanley  White, 
D.D. 

Asso.  Sees.,  Rev.  Wm.  P.  Schell,  Rev. 
George  T.  Scott,  Rev.  Orville  Reed, 
Ph.D. 

Field  Sees.,  Rev.  Chas.  E.  Bradt,  D.D., 
Rev..  Weston  T.  Johnson,  Mr.  J.  M. 
Patterson 

Hon.  Edu.  Adviser,  T.  H.  P.  Sailer, 
Ph.D. 

Edu.  Sec,  Mr.  B.  C.  Millikin 

Sec.  for  Specific  Work,  Rev.  George 
H.  Trull 

Treas.,  Mr.  Dwight  H.  Day 

Asso.  Treas.,  Mr.  Russell  Carter 
Periodicals:  "All  the  World."  Editor, 
Rev.  A.  W.  Halsey,  D.D.  Price,  free 
to  any  one  contributing  $5.00.  "The 
New  Era."  Editor,  Mr.  James  B. 
Wootan,  Business  Manager,  Mr. 
Horace  P.  Camden.  Price,  $1.00 
Fields:  Latin  America:  Mexico.  Central 
tral  America:  Guatemala.  South 
America:  Brazil,  Chile,  Colombia, 
Venezuela.  The       Non-Christian 

World:  Asia:  China,  Chosen  (Ko- 
rea), India,  Japan,  Persia,  Siam, 
Syria.  Africa:  Kamerun,  Rio  Muni. 
Oceania:   Philippine  Islands 

98a — Woman's  Board  of  Forelg-n  missions 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  New 
York  (1870) 

Office:    156  Fifth  Avenue,   New  York  City 
Executive    Officers: 
*Pres.,    Miss    Alice    M.    Davison 
Rec.    Sec,    Miss   M.    L.    Blakeman 
Treas.,    Mrs.   James  A.    Webb,   Jr. 
Periodical:     "Woman's    Work."       Editor,     Mrs. 
Henry   R.   Elliott.      Price,   $.50 


107 


98b — "Woman's  Occidental  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
(1873) 

Office:    35    Santa    Ana    Avenue,    San    Francisco, 

California 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    H.    B.    Pinney 
Rec.    Sec,    Miss  Jennie    Partridge 
*Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.    G.    A.    Kennedy 
Treas.,    Mfs.    E.    G.    Denniston 
Periodical:    "Woman's    Work" 

98c — Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church   (1870) 

Office:    soi    Witherspoon    Building,    Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania 
Executive    Officers: 
*Pres.,    Mrs.    John    Harvey    Lee 
Rec.    Sec,    Mrs.    Richard   M.    Pearce 
Treas..    Miss    Anna    Vlachos 
Periodical:     "Woman's     Work."       Editor,     Mrs. 
Henry   R.   Elliott.      Price,   $.50 

98d — Woman's  Presbyterian  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions  of  the  Southwest 
(1877) 

Office:    816   Olive   Street,   St.   Louis,   Missouri 
Executive   Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    W.    H.    Bissland 
*Rec    Sec,    Mrs.    H.    S.   Brookes     . 
Treas.,    Mrs.    B.    F.    Edwards 
Periodical:     "Woman's    Work."       Editor,     Mrs. 
C.   R.   Hopkins.      Price,  $.50 

98e — Woman's  North  Pacific  Presbyterian 
Board  of  Missions  (1888) 

Office:    454    Alder    Street,    Portland,    Oregon 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    John   W.    Goss 
*Rec    Sec,    Mrs.    B.    A.    Thaxter 
Treas.,    Mrs.    C.    M.    Barbee 
•  Periodical:    "Woman's    Work" 

98f — Woman's  Presbyterian  Board  of  Mis- 
sions of  the  Northwest  (1870) 

Office:    17    North   State   Street,    Chicago,   Illinois 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    Oliver    R.    Williamson 
*Rec    Sec,    Mrs.    A.    V.    Powell 
Treas.,    T.    E.    D.    Bradley 
Periodical:     "Woman's     Work."       Editor,     Mrs. 
Henry  R.   Elliott.      Price,   $.50 

99 — Board  of  Home  Missions  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America  (1892) 

Office:  156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
City.      Cable:    Olintreas,   New   York 

Executive  Officers : 
*Gen.  Sec,  Rev.  John  A.  Marquis,  D.D. 
Western  Sec,   Rev.   Baxter  P.   Fuller- 
ton,  D.D. 

Periodical :  "The  New  Era."  Editor,  Mr. 
James  B.  Wootan,  Business  Man- 
ager, Mr.  Horace  P.  Ca.mden.  Price, 
$1.00 

Fields :  Latin  America:  West  Indies: 
Cuba,  Porto  Rico.  Also  work  in  the 
United  States 

100 — Woman's  Board  of  Home  Missions  of 
the    Presbyterian    Church    in     the 
United  States  of  America  (1878) 
Office:    156    Fifth    Avenue,    New    York 
City.     Cable:    Mallaben 


Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Mrs.  F.  S.  Bennett 
*Gen.  Sec,  Miss  Edna  R.  Voss 
Periodical :  "The  Home  Mission  Month- 
ly."     Editor,   Miss   Theodora   Finks. 
Price,  $.50 
Fields:    Latin    America:     West    Indies: 
Cuba,  Porto  Rico.    Also  work  in  the 
United  States 

PRESBYTERIAN,    REFORMED 
101 — Board    of    Foreign   Missions    of    the 
Synod  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian 
Church  in  North  America    (Coven- 
anter)   (1856) 
Office:     2517     North     Franklin     Street, 
Philadelphia,    Pa.      Cable :    Metheny, 
Philadelphia 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  S.  A.  S.  Metheny,  M.D. 
Vice  Pres.,  Rev.  J.  C.  McFeeters,  D.D. 
Treas.,  Mr.  Joseph  M.   Steele 
*Cor.    Sec,    Rev.    Findley    M.    Wilson, 
D.D. 
Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  F.  M.  Foster,  Ph.D. 
Trans.  Agt,  Mr.  Wm.  G.  Carson 
Periodical:  "Olive  Trees."     Editor,  Rev. 
McLeod      Milligan      Pearce,      D.D. 
Price,  $1.00 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  Cyprus,  Syria,  including  Pal- 
estine;   Turkish    Empire,    excepting 
Syria 

PRESBYTERIAN,      REFORMED,      GEN- 
ERAL SYNOD 
102 — Board    of   Foreign   Missions    of    the 
Reformed    Presbyterian    Church    in 
North  America    (General   Synod) 
Office:   2219   Madison   Square,    Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  Rev.  John  Parks,  5923  Washing- 
ton Avenue,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
*Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  R.  W.  Chesnut,  Ph.D. 
Treas.,  A.  B.  McMillan,   Sparta,  111. 

PRESBYTERIAN,   UNITED 
103 — Board    of   Foreign   Missions    of   the 
United     Presbyterian     Church     of 
North  America  (1850) 
Office:  200  North   15th  Street,   Philadel- 
phia, Pa.     Cable:  Evangelism,  Phila- 
delphia 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  M.  G.  Kyle,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
*Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  W.  B.  Anderson,  D.D. 
Asso.  Sec,  Rev.  Mills  J.  Taylor 
Hon.  Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  Chas.  R.  Watson, 
D.D. 


108 


Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  C.  S.  Cleland,  D.D. 
Treas.,  Mr.  Robert  L.  Latimer 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India.     Africa:   Anglo-Egyptian   Su- 
dan, Egypt 
103a — Women's  General  Missionary  Society 
of    the    United    Presbyterian    Church 
of  North  America   (1883) 
Office:     Publication     Building,     9th     St.,     Pitts- 
burgh,   Pa.      Cable:    Opus 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    J.    D.    Sands 
Rec.    Sec,    Mrs.   J.    H.    Maxwell 
*For.    Sec,    Mrs.    H.    C.    Campbell,    340    S.    Hi- 
land   Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Treas.,    Mrs.    J.    B.    Hill 
Periodicals:     "Women's    Missionary    Magazine." 
Editor,    Mrs.    George    Moore,    Xenia,    Ohio. 
Price,    $1.00.      "Junior's    Missionary    Maga- 
zine."       Editor,     Miss     Carrie     M.     Reed. 
Price,    $.25 

PRESBYTERIAN,       WELSH       CALVIN- 

ISTIC  METHODIST 
104 — Missionary  Society  of  the  Calvinistic 
Methodist    Church    in    the    United 
States  of  America 
Office:   411    Hawthorne    Place,    Madison, 

Wis. 
Executive  Officers : 
*Sec,    Rev.   Edw.    Roberts 

Treas.,  Rev.  E.  J.  Jones,  D.D. 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India 

REFORMED   CHURCH,    CHRISTIAN 
105 — Board    of   Heathen  Missions   of  the 
Christian  Reformed  Church 

Office:     2050     Francis     Avenue,     S.     E., 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  Ralph  Bolt 
*Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  Henry  Beets,  LL.D. 
Treas.,  Rev.  John  Dolfin 
Periodical :  "The  Banner."     Editor,  Rev. 

Henry  Beets,  LL.D.     Price,  $1.50 
Note:  This  Society  is  now  investigating 
China  and  the  Sudan  with  a  view  to 
establishing  its  first  foreign  mission 
in  one  of  those  fields 

REFORMED    IN   AMERICA 
106 — Board    of    Foreign   Missions    of   the 
Reformed  Church  in  America  (1832) 

Office :  25  East  22nd  Street,   New  York 
City.     Cable :    Synodical,   New   York 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,   Rev.  Henry  E.   Cobb,   D.D. 
Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  J.  H.  Whitehead 
*For.    Sec,    Rev.    Wm.    I.    Chamberlain, 
Ph.D. 
•        Home  Sec,  Mr.  F.  M.  Potter 
Treas.,  Mr.  Howell  S;  Bennet 
Periodicals :   "The   Mission   Field."     Ed- 
itor,   Mr.    W.    T.    Demarest.      Price, 
$.50.     "Neglected  Arabia" 


Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  India,  Japan,  Turkish  Em- 
pire, excepting  Syria 

106a — Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America 
(1875) 

Office:    25    East    22nd    Street,    New    York    City. 

Cable:    Synodical 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    F.   A.    Baldwin 
*Cor.    Sec,    Miss    Eliza    P.    Cobb 
Treas.,    Miss    Katharine    Van    Nest 


REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  THE  UNITED 

STATES 
107 — Board    of    Foreign    Missions    of    the 
Reformed    Church    in    the    United 
States    (1838) 
Office:  Fifteenth  and  Race  Streets,  Phil- 
adelphia,  Pa.      Cable:   Allenbarth 
Executive   Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  James  I.  Good,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
Vice  Pres.,  Hon.  Horace  Ankeney 
*Sec,  Rev.  Allen  R.  Bartholomew,  D.D. 
Treas.,  Rev.  Albert  S.  Bromer 
Treas.  Emeritus,  Joseph  L.  Lemberger, 
Ph.M. 
Periodical :   "The   Outlook  of   Missions." 

Price,  $.50 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  Japan 

107a — Woman's  Missionary  Society  of  the 
General  Synod  of  the  Reformed 
Church   in  the   United    States    (1887) 

Office:    14    Clinton    Avenue,    Tiffin,    Ohio 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    W.    R.    Harris 
*Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.    B.    B.    Krammes 
Treas.,    Mrs.    Lewis    L.    Anewalt 
Periodical:     "The    Outlook    of    Missions."       Ed- 
itor,    Mrs.     Edward     F.     Evemeyer,    29    N. 
Third     St.,     Easton,     Pennsylvania.       Price, 
$.50 
Note:      This    Society    is    also    auxiliary    to    the 
Board   of   Home   Missions  of  the   Reformed 
Church    in    the    United    States,    which    has 
no    work   covered    by    this    survey 

[Salvation  Army 
Office :    Queen    Victoria    Street,    London, 
E.C.   (England)] 
108 — Salvation  Army 

Office:    122    West    14th    Street,    New   York   City 
Executive    Officers: 

Terr.    Commissioner,    Commander    Eva    Booth 
*Field    Sec,    Colonel    Alexander    M.    Damon 
Fields:     Latin     America:     Argentine     Republic. 
The    Non-Christian     World:    Asia:    China, 
India.     Africa:    Natal.      Oceania:    Java 

SCANDINAVIAN    ALLIANCE 
109 — Scandinavian    Alliance    Mission    of 
North  America  (1891) 

Office :    20   N.    Ashland    Boulevard,    Chi- 
cago, 111.     Cable :   Sam,  Chicago 
Secretary,  Prof.  Fridolf  Risberg,  D.D. 


109 


Fields:  Latin  America.  South  Amer- 
ica: Venezuela.  The  Non-Chris- 
tian World:  Asia:  China,  India, 
Japan.  Africa:  Swaziland,  Trans- 
vaal 

SCHWENKFELDEB 

110 — Home    and   Foreign    Board    of   Mis- 
sions of  the  Sdrwenkfelder  Church 
in  the  United  States  of  America 
Office :    2509    N.    30th    St.,    Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  John  H.  Schultz 
*Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  H.  K.  Heebner 

Treas.,  Win.  K.  Heebner 
Periodical :  "The  Schwenkf  eldian."  Ed- 
itor, S.  K.  Brecht,  611  Reformed 
Church  Building,  15th  and  Race 
Sts.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China   (Shansi) 

SWEDISH         EVANGELICAL         FBEE 

CHUBCH 
111 — Swedish  Evangelical  Free  Church  of 
the  United  States  of  North  Amer- 
ica  (1895) 
Office :  1407  Seventh  Street,  South,  Min- 
neapolis,   Minn. 
Secretary,  Rev.  E.  A.  Halleen 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 

SWEDISH      EVANGELICAL      MISSION 

COVENANT 
112 — Swedish  Evangelical  Mission  Coven- 
ant of  America  (1885) 

Office :  56  West  Washington  Street,  Chi- 
cago, 111.  Cable:  Covenant,  Chicago 
President,  Rev.  H.  G.  Hjerpe 

Periodical :  "Forbundets  Veckotidning." 
(Covenant  Weekly.)  Editor,  Rev. 
D.   Marcelius.     Price,  $1.50 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China.  Also  work  in  the  United 
States 

UNITED  BBETHBEN 
113 — Foreign   Missionary    Society   of    the 
United  Brethren  in  Christ  (1853) 

Office :    404    Otterbein     Press    Building, 
Dayton,     Ohio.       Cable:      Forward, 
Dayton 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,   Bishop  W.   M.  Bell,  D.D,   1450 
Fairmont    St.,    Washington,    District 
of  Columbia 
*Gen.  Sec,  Rev.  S.  S.  Hough,  D.D. 
Rec  Sec,  Mr.  G.  A.  Lambert,  Ander- 
son, Ind. 
Treas.,  Mr.  L.  O.  Miller 


Fields:  Latin  America:  West  Indies: 
Porto  Rico.  The  Non-Christian 
World:  Asia:  China,  Japan.  Af- 
rica,: Sierra  Leone.  Oceania:  Phil- 
ippine Islands 

113a — Woman's    Missionary    Association,   of 
the  United  Brethren  in  Christ  (1875) 

Office:    Otterbein   Press    Building,    Dayton,    Ohio 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    L.    R.    Harford 
*Gen.    Sec. -Treas.,    Mrs.    Alva    Kauffman 
.  Rec.   Sec,   Mrs.   W.   O.   Fries 
Periodical:      "The      Evangel."        Editor,      Miss 
Vera    B.    Blinn.      Price,    $.50 


UNITED  BBETHBEN  (OLD  CONSTITU- 
TION) 
114 — Domestic,  Frontier  and  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary    Society     of     the     United 
Brethren  in  Christ  (1853) 
Office:   Huntington,  Indiana 

Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  J.  Howe 
Periodical :  "The  Missionary  Monthly." 
Editors,  Rev.  J.  Howe,  Mrs.  F.  A. 
Loew.  Price,  $.50 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Af- 
rica: Sierra  Leone.  Also  work  in 
the  United  States 

114a — "Woman's  Missionary  Association  of 
the  United  Brethren  (1875) 

Office:    Ubee   P.   O.,    Huntington,    Indiana 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,   Mrs.   M.   M.  Titus 
*Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.    F.    A.    Loew 

Rec.    Sec,   Mrs.    Ida   Sellers 

Treas.,    Mrs.    Effie    Kanage 

UNIVEBSALIST 

115 — Universalist  General  Convention 
(1890) 

Office:    12    National    City    Bank,    Utica, 

New  York 
Secretary,  Rev.  W.  H.  Skeels 
Periodical :    "The    Universalist    Leader." 

Editor,    Rev.    F.    A.    Bisbee,    D.D. 

Price,  $2.00 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 

Japan.     Also    work    in    the    United 

States 

115a/ — Women's  National  missionary  Asso- 
ciation of  the  Universalist  Church 
(1869) 

Office:    359    Boylston    Street,    Boston,    Mass. 
Executive    Officers: 

Pres.,    Mrs.    Marietta    B.    Wilkins,    52    Essex 

St.,    Salem.    Mass. 
Rec.    Sec.   Mrs.   Ethel   M.   Allen,   185  W.  9th 
Ave.,   Columbus,    Ohio 
*Cor.    Sec,    Mrs.    Marian   W.   Lobdell,   Middle-   . 
port,    New    York 
Periodicals:     "The    Women's    Missionary    Bulle- 
tin."       Editor,      Mrs.      M.      B.      Wilkins. 
Price,    $.10.       (Free    to    members.)       "The 
Universalist   Leader."      Editor,    Rev.   F.   A. 
Bisbee,    D.D.      Price,    $2.00 


INTERDENOMINATIONAL       (EXCEPT- 
ING EDUCATIONAL) 
116 — American  Bible  Society   (1816) 

Office :  Bible  House,  Astor  Place,  New 
York  City.  Cable:  Bible  House, 
New  York 

Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Mr.  James   Wood 
*Cor.  Sec,  Rev.  William  I.  Haven,  D.D. 
Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  L.  B.  Chamberlain 
Treas.,   Mr.   William   Foulke 

Periodical :  "Bible  Society  Record."  Ed- 
itor, The  Secretaries.     Price,  $1.00 

Fields:  Europe:  Bulgaria,  Greece  (other 
countries  by  correspondents).  Latin 
America:  Mexico.  West  Indies: 
Cuba,  Guadelupe,  Haiti,  Martinique, 
Porto  Rico,  Santo  Domingo,  Virgin 
Islands.  Central  America:  Costa 
Rica,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nica- 
ragua, Panama  (Canal  Zone),  Sal- 
vador, South  America:  Argentine 
Republic,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  Chile,  Co- 
lombia, Ecuador,  Paraguay,  Peru, 
Uruguay,  Venezuela.  The  Non- 
Christian  World:  Asia:  China, 
Chosen  (Korea),  Japan,  Siam,  Syria, 
including  Palestine ;  Turkish  Em- 
pire, excepting  Syria.  Africa:  An- 
glo-Egyptian Sudan,  Angola,  Egypt, 
Kamerun,  Liberia,  Natal,  Portuguese 
East  Africa.  Oceania:  Micronesia, 
Philippine  Islands,  Polynesia.  Also 
work  in  the  United  States 

117 — American  Tract  Society  (1825) 

Office :    Park    Avenue    and    40th    Street, 

New  York  City 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  Mr.  William  Phillips  Hall 
Vice.   Pres.,  Rev.  John  Henry  Jowett, 
M.A.,  D.D. 
*Gen.   Sec,  Rev.  Judson  Swift,  D.D. 
Rec.  Sec,  Rev.  Henry  Lewis,  Ph.D. 
Treas.,  Mr.  Louis  Tag 
Periodical :  "American  Messenger."     Ed- 
itor, Rev.  Henry  Lewis.     Price,  $.60 

118 — World's  Christian  Endeavor  Union 
Office:    41    Mt.    Vernon    Street,    Boston, 

Massachusetts 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,    Rev.    Francis    E.    Clark,    D.D., 

LL.D. 
*Sec,  William  Shaw,  LL.D. 
Periodical :     "The     Christian     Endeavor 
World."      Editor,     Prof.    Amos     R. 
Wells,  LL.D.,  Litt.D.     Price,  $2.00 
Note:  The  income  for  foreign  missions 
reported  by  this  Society  is  expended 
as  grants  in  aid  to  the  Christian  En- 


deavor    Organizations      in     France, 
Spain,   China,  Japan  and   India 

119 — Continuation  Committee  of  the  World 
Missionary    Conference,    Edinburgh 
Office :   25   Madison  Avenue,   New   York 
City 
Chairman,  John  R.  Mott,  LL.D. 

120 — Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of 
Christ  in  America 
Office:   105  East  22nd  Street,  New  York 

City.     Cable:   Fedcil,   New  York 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.   Frank   Mason   North 
*Gen.  Sec,  Rev.  Charles  S.  Macfarland 
Treas.,  Mr.  Alfred  R.  Kimball 

121 — Federation  of  Women's  Boards  of 
Foreign  Missions  of  North  America 
(1916) 

Office:    75    Midland    Avenue,    Montclair, 
New  Jersey 
Pres.,   Mrs.    H.   R.    Steele 
*Sec,  Mrs.  F.   P.  Turner 

Treas.,   Mrs.   DeWitt   Knox 
Periodical :   "The   Missionary  Review  of 
the  World."    Editor,  Mr.  D.  L.  Pier- 
son.     Price,  $2.50 

122 — Foreign  Missions  Conference  of 
North  America   (1893) 

Office:   25   Madison  Avenue,   New   York 

City 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,   Canon   S.   Gould,  M.D. 

1st     Vice     Chmn.,     Rev.     William     E. 

Strong,   D.D. 
2nd  Vice  Chmn.,  Rev.  T.  Bronson  Ray, 

D.D. 
Hon.  Sec,  Mr.  W.  Henry  Grant 
*Sec,  Rev.   George   Heber  Jones,   D.D. 
Treas..  Mr.  Alfred  E.  Marling 

122a — Committee  of  Reference  and  Counsel 

of   the   Foreign    Missions    Conference 
of   North   America,   Inc. 

Office:    2s    Madison    Avenue,    New    York    City. 

Cable:    Student,    New   York 
Executive    Officers: 

Chmn.,    Rev.    James    L.    Barton,    D.D. 
Vice    Chmn.,    Rev.    William    I.    Chamberlain, 
Ph.D. 
*Sec,    Mr.    Fennell   P.    Turner 
Rec.    Sec..   Rev.    Charles   R.    Watson,    D.D. 
Treas.,    Mr.   Alfred   E.    Marling 

123 — Committee  on  Cooperation  in  Latin 
America   (1913) 

Office:   25   Madison  Avenue,   New  York 

City.     Cable :  Student 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,  Rev.   Robert  E.   Speer,  D.D. 
*Exec  Sec,  Rev.  Samuel  G.  Inman,  25 
Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City 


Edit.  Sec,  Rev.  George  B.  Winton, 
D.D.,  221 1  Highland  Avenue,  Nash- 
ville,  Tennessee 

Educa.  Sec,  Webster  E.  Browning, 
Ph.D.,  Calle  Chana,  2126,  Monte- 
video, Uruguay 

124 — Laymen's       Missionary      Movement 
(1906) 

Office :    1    Madison    Avenue,    New    York 

City 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,  Mr.  James  M.   Speers 
Vice  Chmn,  Col.  E.  W.  Halford 
Treas,  Mr.  E.  E.  Olcott 
*Gen.   Sec,   Mr.   William  Millar 
Sees..  Mr.  W.  E.  Doughty,  Mr.  H.  F. 
Laflamme,   Mr.    Charles   V.   Vickrey, 
Mr.  E.  M.  Poteat,  Mr.  F.  J.  Michel, 
Mr.  John  P.   Worley,   Mr.   Frank  C. 
Jackson,  Mr.  E.  C.  Cronk,  Mr.  Clar- 
ence P.  Burgess,  Mr.  W.  E.  Hollo- 
way,  Mr.  F.  B.  Bachelor,  Mr.  E.  L. 
McCreery,   Mr.   A.   Lewis 
Periodical :  "Men  and  Missions" 

[Mission  to  Lepers  (1874) 

Office :    20    Lincoln    Place,    Dublin,    Ire- 
land] 
125 — Mission  to  lepers,  American  Commit- 
tee  (1874) 

Office:  156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 
Cable:  Wildanner,   New  York 

Executive    Officers : 
*American    Sec,    Mr.    W.    M.    Danner 
American    Treas,    Mr.    Fleming    H.    Revell 

Periodical:  "Without  the  Camp."  Editor,  Mr. 
W.    H.   P.    Anderson.      Price,    $.25 

Note:  This  Society  works  entirely  through 
other  organized  agencies  which  have  di- 
rect  charge    of    the    work    on    the   fields 

126 — Inter-Synodical  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Orient    Mission    Society    (1910) 
Office:   196  Berlin  Street,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres,   Rev.   N.  J.   Lohre 
*Sec,  Rev.  H.  Mackensen 
Treas,   Prof.  M.   O.  Wee,  1714  Como 
Ave,   S.E,   Minneapolis,   Minn. 
Periodical :     "The     Kurdistan     Mission- 
ary."     Editor,    Rev.    L    H.    Ziemer. 
Price,  $.25 

127— Directors  of  the  Methodist  Publish- 
ing House  in  China 
Office:    810    Broadway,    Nashville,    Ten- 
nessee 
Executive   Officers: 

Chmn.  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  Rev. 
W.   I.    Haven,    D.D. 
*Sec   of  the  Board  of   Directors,  Rev. 
George   Morgan,   D.D. 


Note:   This   Society  represents  the  pub- 
lishing   interests    in    China    of    the 
Board    of    Foreign    Missions   of   the 
Methodist  Episcopal   Church  and  of 
the  Publishing  House  of  the  Metho- 
dist  Episcopal    Church,   South 
128 — Missionary  Education  Movement   of 
the     United     States     and     Canada 
(1902) 
Office :    160    Fifth    Avenue,    New    York 
City.     Cable:   Movement,  New  York 
Executive   Officers  : 
Chmn,  Mr.  Samuel  Thorne,  Jr. 
Vice  Chmn,  Rev.  H.  Paul  Douglass 
Rec  Sec,  Rev.  F.  C.  Stephenson,  M.D. 
Sees,  *Mr.  John  K.  Doan,  Mr.  Frank- 
lin   D.    Cogswell,    Miss    Susan   Men- 
denhall,    Miss     Wilhelmina    Stocker, 
Mr.    James    B.    Mershon,    Rev.   John 
Cobb    Worley,     Rev.    Frederick    H. 
Means,  Rev.   H.   C.   Priest 
Treas,   Mr.   James   S.    Cushman 
129 — Student     Volunteer     Movement    for 
Foreign  Missions  (1886) 
Office :   25   Madison   Avenue,   New  York 

City.     Cable :    Student,  New  York 
Executive   Officers : 

Chmn,  John  R.  Mott,  LL.D. 
*Gen.  Sec,  Mr.  Fennell  P.  Turner 
Ed.  Sees,  Rev.  J.  Lovell  Murray,  Miss 

Helen  B.  Crane 
Candidate  Sees,  Rev.  Burton  St.  John, 

Miss  Vernon  Halliday 
Exec.  Sec,  Mr.  Thomas  S.  Sharp 
Bus.   Sec,  Mr.  William  P.   McCulloch 
Sec,  Miss  Mary  George  White 
Treas,  Mr.  James  M.  Speers 
Periodical :    "Student    Volunteer    Move- 
ment Bulletin" 
130 — World's   Sunday   School   Association 
(1889)    (International) 
Office :    1    Madison    Avenue,    New    York 

City.     Cable :   Daybreak 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn,  Mr.  H.  J.  Heinz 
*Gen.      Sec.      American     Section,     Mr. 

Frank  L.   Brown 
Periodical :  "The  Sunday  School  Times." 

Editor,  Mr.  Charles  G.  Trumbull 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  Japan.     Africa:  Egypt.     Also 
work    in     other     countries     through 
other   missionary  agencies 

131— World's    Woman's     Christian    Tem- 
perance Union   (1883) 

Office :   Evanston,   111. 
Executive   Officers : 

Pres,   Rosalind,    Countess   of    Carlisle, 
Castle   Howard,   York,   England 


Hon.  Sees.,  *Miss  Anna  Adams  Gordon, 
Evanston,  111.,  Miss  Agnes  E.  Slack 
Ripley,  Derbyshire,  England 
Treas.,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Sanderson,  Dan- 
ville,  Quebec,   Canada 

Periodical :  "The  Union  Signal."  Ed- 
itor, Miss  Julia  F.  Deane.  Price, 
$1.00 

Fields:  Latin  America:  Mexico.  South 
America:  Argentine  Republic,  Chile, 
Peru,  Uruguay.  The  Non-Christian 
World:  Asia:  India.  Africa:  Cape 
of  Good  Hope  Province 

132 — International      Committee      of      the 
Young     Men's     Christian     Associa- 
tions,  Foreign  Department    (1889) 
Office :  347  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 

City.     Cable:    Forsec,   N.   Y. 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,    Mr.   William   D.   Murray 

Gen.  Sec,  John  R.  Mott,  LL.D. 

Asso.  Gen.  Sec,  Mr.  F.   S.  Brockman 

Asso.  Gen.  Sees.  For.  Work.,  Mr. 
E.  T.  Colton,  Mr.  G.  S.  Eddy,  *Mr. 
E.   C.  Jenkins 

Home  Sees.  For.  Work,  Mr.  J.  M. 
Clinton,  Mr.  J.  E.  Manley,  Mr.  F.  J. 
Nichols,   Mr.   B.  B.   Wilcox 

Bus.  Sec,  Mr.  W.  E.  Holdren 

Treas.,   Mr.   B.   H.   Fancher 
Periodical :      "Foreign     Mail."       Editor, 

Mr.  J.  E.  Manley.  Price,  $.25 
Fields:  Europe:  Russia.  Latin  Amer- 
ica: Mexico.  West  Indies:  Cuba, 
Porto  Rico.  South  America:  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  Brazil,  Chile,  Uru- 
guay. The  Non-Christian  World: 
Asia:  Ceylon,  China,  Chosen  (Ko- 
rea), India,  Japan,  Syria,  including 
Palestine ;  Turkish  Empire,  except- 
ing Syria.  Africa:  Egypt.  Oceania: 
Philippine  Islands 

132a — Princeton  Mission  (1906) 

Office:    Princeton,    New   Jersey 

Secretary,   Mr.  Thomas  S.   Evans 
Periodical:      "Peking     Young     Men"      (China). 

Editor,    Rev.    R.    R.   Gailey 
Note:    This   mission    is   conducted    by   the   Phila- 

delphian    Society    of    Princeton    University. 

It     is     the     Peking,     China,     work     of     the 

Young    Men's    Christian    Association 

133 — Foreign  Department  of  the  National 
Board  of  the  Young  Women's 
Christian  Association  of  the  United 
States  of  America  (1906) 
Office:  600  Lexington  Avenue,  New 
York  City.  Cable:  Outpost,  New 
York 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,  Mrs.  James  A.  Webb,  Jr. 
*Exec  Sec,  Miss  Harriet  Taylor 


Special  Sees.,  Mrs.  Katherine  Willard 

Eddy,  Miss  Mary  McElroy 
Office  Sec,  Miss  Susan  M.  Clute 

Periodical :  "The  Association  Monthly." 
Editor,  Miss  Mary  Louise  Allen. 
Price,  $1.00  (foreign  postage,  $.40 
additional) 

Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 
Argentine  Republic.  The  Non- 
Christian  World:  Asia:  Ceylon, 
China,  India,  Japan,  Turkish  Empire, 
excepting  Syria 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL         (EDUCA- 
TIONAL) 
134 — Cairo  University   (1914) 

Office  :#  Land    Title    Building,    Philadel- 
phia, Pa.     Cable :  Victorious 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,  Rev.  J.  K.  McClurkin,  D.D. 
Sees.,  *Rev.  Charles  R.  Watson,  D.D., 

Mr.  George  Innes 
Treas.,  Mr.  E.  E.  Olcott 
Fields:   The  Non-Christian  World:  Af- 
rica: Egypt 
135 — Women's  Christian  College,  Madras, 
Board  of  Governors,  American  Sec- 
tion  (1915) 
Office :  25   East  22nd   Street,  New  York 
City.     Cable :    Synodical,   New   York 
Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.,  Rev.  James  L.  Barton,  D.D. 
*Sec,  Rev.  W.  I.  Chamberlain,  Ph.D. 
Periodical:    "The    Sunflower."      Editor, 
Miss     Eleanor     McDougall.       Price, 
free 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India 
136 — Trustees  of  the  University  of  Nan- 
king (1909) 
Office:    156    Fifth    Avenue,    New    York 

City 
Executive  Officers : 
*Pres.,  Robert  E.  Speer,  D.D. 
Vice  Pres.,  Rev.  A.  McLean,   D.D. 
Sec,  Mr.   R.   E.   Diffendorfer 
Treas.,  Mr.  Russell  Carter 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 
137_Trustees  of  Peking  University  (1888) 
Office:    150    Fifth    Avenue,    New    York 

City 
Executive  Officers: 
Pres.,    Rev.   William   P.    Merrill,   D.D. 
Vice  Pres.,  Mr.  Arthur  Perry 
*Sec,   Rev.   George   Heber  Jones,  D.D. 
'Treas.,  Mr.  E.  M.  McBrier 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 


113 


138 — Arthur    T.    Pierson    Memorial    Bible 
School  of  Seoul,  Korea  (1911) 

Office:    156    Fifth    Avenue,    New    York 
City.    Cable:  Missrev 
Secretary,  Mr.  Delavan  L.  Pierson 

139 — Union  Missionary  Medical  School  for 
Women,  South  India 

Office :  25   East  22nd   Street,   New  York 
City.     Cable :    Synodical,    New   York 
Executive  Officers : 
Chmn.   of    Board   of    Governors,    Rev. 
James  L.  Barton,  D.D. 
*Sec,    Rev.    William     I.     Chamberlain, 
Ph.D. 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India 


[Women's     Christian     Medical     College 
Ludhiana,  Punjab,  India 
Office:   Ludhiana,   Punjab,   India] 
140 — American   Committee   of  the  Women's 
Christian    Medical  College  ludhiana, 
Punjab,  India 
Office:    Kingston,    Pa. 
Executive    Officers: 

Chmn.,    Charles    M.    Jesup,    Esq.,    New    York 
*Cor.      Sec,      Miss     Elizabeth      S.      Loveland, 
Kingston.    Pa. 
Rec.    Sec.-Treas.,    Rev.    Frankin    B.    Dwight, 
289    Fourth    Avenue,    New    York 


INDEPENDENT    (EXCEPTING   EDUCA- 
TIONAL) 
141— Africa   Inland   Mission    (1895) 

Office :     356     Bridge     Street,     Brooklyn, 
New  York.     Cable :  Hearing,  Brook- 
lyn 
Executive  Officers : 
Gen.   Director,   Mr.    Charles   E.   Hurl- 
burt 
*Sec,  Rev.  Oliver  M.  Fletcher 
Director     Home     Council     for     North 
America,  Mr.  Orson  R.  Palmer,  2244 
N.   29th    Street,   Philadelphia,   Penn- 
sylvania 
Periodical :     "Inland     Africa."       Editor, 
Mr.  Walter  F.   Clowes.     Price,  $.50 
Fields :    The  Non-Christian   World :   Af- 
rica:   Belgian    Congo,    British    East 
Africa,   German   East  Africa 


[Algiers  Mission  Band  (1888) 

Office:  2  Rue  du  Croissant,  Algiers,  Al- 
geria! 
142 — Woman's      Algerian      Mission      Band, 
American   (1907) 

Office:    2300    Dexter    Street.    Denver,    Colorado 
Secretary,    Mrs.    J.    A.    Walker 

Periodical:  "Woman's  Algerian  Band  News 
Letter."  Editor,  Mrs.  J.  A.  Walker. 
Price,    free 


143 — American  and  Foreign  Christian 
Union   (1849) 

Office:   104  East  39th  Street,  New  York 
Citv 
Secretary,  Mr.  S.  W.  Thurber 

Fields:  Europe:   France 

Note :  The  American  and  Foreign  Chris- 
tian Union  maintains  the  Amer- 
ican Church  at  21  rue  de  Berri, 
Paris,  France,  and  also  acts  as  the 
fiduciary  agent  for  the  American 
Church  in  Berlin  which  during  the 
war  has  been  practically  disorgan- 
ized 

144 — National  Armenia  and  India  Relief 
Association  for  Industrial  Orphan 
Homes    (1895) 

Office:   345    East   25th    Street,   Brooklyn, 
New   York 
Secretary,  Miss  Emily  Crosby  Wheeler 

Periodical :  "The  Helping  Hand  Se- 
ries." Editor,  Miss  Emily  Crosby 
Wheeler.     Price,    $.10 

145— Bible  Faith  Mission  (1910) 

Office:    Bridgton,   Maine 

Cor.  Sec,   Mrs.  Sarah  K.  Taylor 

Periodical :  "Bible  Faith  Mission  Stand- 
ard" (America,  Bi-monthly).  Ed- 
itor, Mrs.  Sarah  K.  Taylor.  Price, 
$.25  with  "Bible  Faith  Mission 
Standard"  (India).  "Bible  Faith 
Mission  Standard"  (India,  Bi- 
monthly). Editor,  Mr.  C.  R.  Ve- 
dantachan.  Price,  $.25  with  "Bible ' 
Faith   Mission   Standard"    (America) 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
India 

[Bolivian  Indian  Mission   (1907) 
Office:    San   Pedro,   Charcss,   Bolivia! 
146 — New  York   Council  Bolivian   Indian 
Mission    (1916) 
Office:    309    West    57th    Street,    New   York   City 
Executive    Officers: 
*Sec,    Rev.     P.    M.    Spencer 
Treas.,    Mr.    L.    A.    Whittemore,    1976    Broad- 
way,   New   York   City 

146a — Pacific  Coast  Council  Bolivian  Indian 
Mission    (1917) 

Office:     Bible   Institute    of   Los   Angeles,    ^6-<;=;8 
South    Hope    Street,    Los    Angeles,    Califor- 
nia 
Sec.-Treas.,    Rev.    John    Hunter 


147 — Broad   Cast   Tract  Press   and   Faith 
Orphanage 

Office:    3137    Arapahoe    Street,    Denver, 
Colo. 
Secretary,  Pastor  Joshua  Gravett 


114 


Periodical :  "The  Ambassador."  Editor, 
Allen    N.    Cameron.      Price,   free 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China    (Hunan) 

148 — Central   American  Mission    (1890) 
Office:  Paris,  Texas 
Executive  Officers : 
*Chmn.,  Mr.  Luther  Rees 
Sec,   Rev.   C.   I.    Scofield,   D.D. 
Treas.,  Mr.  D.  H.  Scott 
Periodical :  "The  Central  American  Bul- 
letin" 
Field:  Latin  America:  Central  America: 
Costa    Rica,    Guatemala,    Honduras, 
Nicaragua,   Salvador 

[Ceylon     and     India     General     Mission 

(1892) 
Office:   121  Stapleton  Hall  Road,  Stroud 
Green,  London,   N,   England] 
149 — Ceylon     and     India     General   Mission, 
American  Council 
Office:     117    N.    Wabash    Avenue,    Chicago,    111. 
Executive   Officers: 

Pres.,    Rev.    P.    B.    Fitzwater,    D.D. 
*Sec. -Treas.,    Mr.     David    MacNaughtan 
Periodical:       "Darkness       and       Light."  (Bi- 

monthly.) Editor,  Mr.  David  Gardiner, 
121  Stapleton  Hall  Road,  Stroud  Green, 
London,   N.     Price,   $.50 

[China  Inland  Mission    (1865) 

Office :  Newington  Green,  Mildway,  Lon- 
don,  N.,   England] 
150 — China    Inland    Mission,    Council    for 
North      America      (Philadelphia) 
(1888) 

Office:  235-237  W.  School  Lane,  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania.  Cable:  In- 
land 

Executive   Officers : 

*Home     Director     and      Chmn.,      Rev. 
Henry   W.   Frost 
Sec.-Treas.,   Mr.    Roger   B.   Whittlesey 

Periodical:  "China's  Millions"  (Month- 
ly). Editor,  Mr.  Frederick  F.  Hel- 
mer,  507  Church  Street,  Toronto, 
Ontario,   Canada.     Price,   $.50 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 

Note:  The  Council  of  North  America  of 
the  China  Inland  Mission  includes 
both  the  Philadelphia  and  Toronto 
branches 

151 — Christian    Herald    Missionary    Fund 
(1907) 
Office:    Bible    House,    New    York    City. 
Cable:   Chrisherald 
Secretary,   Mr.  Theodore  Waters 
Periodical :   "Christian  Herald."     Editor, 
Mr.  Geo.  H.  Sandison.     Price,  $2.00 


152 — Women's  General  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Churches  of  God  (1890) 
Office:   Lock   Box  46,   Buda,   111. 
Executive  Officers : 
*Pres.,  Mrs.  Mary  B.  Newcomer 
Cor.     Sec,    Mrs.     E.    E.     Chamberlin, 

Princeton,   Iowa 
Treas.,    Mrs.    L.    May    Bealer,    North 
Liberty,  Iowa 
Periodical :     "The     Missionary     News." 
Editor,    Mrs.    Mary    B.    Newcomer. 
Price,  $.40 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 

India 
Note:  This  Society  is  now  independent. 
Formerly  it  was  officially  connected 
with   the    General    Eldership    of    the 
Churches   of    God 
153 — Evangel  Mission 

Office:  379  Witmer  Street,  Los  Angeles, 

California 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Mr.  T.  Ashton  Fry 
*Act.  Sec,  Mr.  C.  A.  Jeffers 
Periodical :      "The     Evangel."        Editor, 
Rev.   E.   P.  Burtt,  Shiu  Hing,  West 
River,   S.   China 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China    (Kwangtung) 
154 — Gospel  Missionary  Society  (1903) 
Office:   213   Maple   Street,   New  Britain, 
Conn. 
Treasurer,  Mr.  L.  H.  Taylor 
Periodical :    "The   Messenger" 
Fields:    The  Non-Christian   World:   Af- 
rica:  British   East  Africa 
155— Harvard  Mission  (1904) 

Office:     Phillips     Brooks     House,     Cam- 
bridge,  Massachusetts 
Executive   Officers : 
Chmn.,   Theodore   Roosevelt,  LL.D. 
Vice  Chmn.,  Mr.  G.  E.  Huggins 
*Sec,  The  Graduate  Secretary 
Treas.,  Mr.  Arthur  S.  Johnson 
Note:  This  Society  is  quiescent  for  the 
period  of  the  War 
156 — Bureau  of  Missions  of  the  National 
Association    for   the    Promotion    of 
Holiness   (1910) 
Office:    739    South    Leavitt    Street,    Chi- 
cago,   Illinois.      Cable :    Beatrice 
Secretary,  Mrs.   Beatrice  C.   Beezley 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China    (Shantung) 

[Inland-South-America     Missionary 

Union   (1902) 
Office:  18  Westhall  Gardens,  Edinburgh, 

Scotland] 


US 


157 — Council  In  the  United  States,  of  the 
the  Inland-South-America  Missionary 
Union    (1915) 

Office:    5029   Locust   Street,   Philadelphia,   Penn- 
sylvania 
Gen.    Sec,   Rev.  J.   R.   Schaffer 

Periodical:  "Inland-South-America."  Editor, 
Rev.    John    Hay.      Price,    $.30 

Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America:  Ar- 
gentine   Republic,    Brazil,    Paraguay 

158 — International  Medical  Missionary  So- 
ciety (1881) 

Office:   1663  69th  Street,  Brooklyn,  New 

York 
Secretary,   Rev.   George   H.   Dowkontt 

159 — International  Missionary  Union 
(1883) 

Office:   Clifton  Springs,  New  York 

■Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,    Rev.    J.    Sumner    Stone,    M.D., 
155    Pelham    Road,    New    Rochelle, 
New  York 
*Cor.  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  J.  Bostwick 
160 — International  Reform  Bureau   (1895) 

Office:    200   Pennsylvania    Avenue,    S.E., 
Washington,    District    of    Columbia. 
Cable:   Inrefbu 
Super.,   Rev.   Wilbur  F.   Crafts,  Ph.D. 

Periodical:  "The  Twentieth  Century- 
Quarterly."  Editor,  Rev.  Wilbur  F. 
Crafts,   Ph.D.     Price,  $.50 

Fields :_  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,  _  Chosen  (Korea),  Japan. 
Oceania:  Philippine  Islands.  Also 
work  in  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada 

Note:  This  Society  has  official  repre- 
sentatives in  the  fields  mentioned. 
It  also  works  throughout  Southern 
and  South  Eastern  Asia  and 
throughout  Latin  America 
161— Jebail  Settlement  (1905) 

Office :    i    Madison    Avenue,    New   York 
City 
Secretary,  Miss  Caroline  M.  Holmes 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
Syria 

162 — American  Hospital  at  Konia,  Asia 
Minor  (1898) 

Office:   7  East  42nd   Street,   New   York 

City 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  Mr.  Allison  Dodd 
Sec,  Mr.  Charles  E.  Manierre 
*Treas.,  Mr.  James  M.  Speers 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
Turkish  Empire    (Asia  Minor) 

[Lebanon  Hospital  for  the  Insane  (1896) 
Office:   35  Queen   Victoria   Street,  Lon- 
don,  W.C.,   England] 


163 — American  Committee  for  the  Lebanon 
Hospital  (1896) 

Office:    119    South    Fourth    Street,    Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania.      Cable:    Rhaines     ■ 
Secretary,    Mr.    Robert   B.    Haines,   Jr. 

164 — American  McAll  Association 
Office:    1710    Chestnut    Street,    Philadel- 
phia,  Pennsylvania 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,    Mrs.    Chas.   H.    Parkhurst 
First  Vice  Pres.,  Mrs.  Frank  B.  Kel- 

ley 
Sec.     Vice     Pres.,     Mrs.     George     E. 
Dimock 
*Cor.  Sec,  Mrs.  H.  L.  Wayland 
Rec    Sec,  Mrs.   Edward  Yates   Hill 
Gen.  Sec,  Miss  Harriet  Harvey 
Field  Sec,  Rev.  George  T.  Berry,  156 

Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 
Treas.,   Mrs.    Abraham   R.    Perkins 
Periodical :   "The  American  McAll  Rec- 
ord."    Editor,  Mrs.  Louise  Seymour 
Houghton.     Price,  $.25 

165 — Mandingo  Association,  Inc.  (1916) 

Office:  27  Cedar  Street,  New  York  City 

Sec-Treas.,  Rev.  Franklin  J.  Clark 
Fields:    The  Non-Christian   World:   Af- 
rica:  French  Guinea,  Sierra  Leone 

[General     Mission     Committee     of     the 
Dutch    Reformed    Church   of    South 
Africa    (1824) 
Office :    "Muera,"    Stellenbosch,    Cape    of 
Good  Hope  Province,  Union  of  South 
Africa] 
166 — American  Committee  of  the  Nyasaland 
Mission    of    Central    Africa    of    the 
Dutch    Reformed    Church    of    South 
Africa  (1917) 
Office:    Institute   Place,    Chicago,    Illinois 
Executive   Officers: 

Chmn.,    Rev.   A.    F.    Gaylord 
Sec,    Mr.    N.    H.    Camp 
Treas.,    Mr.    R.    Glendinning 
Note:    This    society    is    not    responsible    for    any 
definite    part    of   the    work,    but    contributes 
to  the  support  of  the  Nyasaland  Mission 

167 — Pan-Lutheran  Missionary  Society 
for  Latin  America  (1913) 

Office:    151 1    Arch    Street,    Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania 
Corresponding    Secretary,    Rev.    S.    D. 

Daugherty,  D.D. 
Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 

Argentine    Republic 

168 — Christian  Association  of  the  Univers- 
ity of  Pennsylvania  (Foreign  De- 
partment)   (1901) 

Office :  Christian  Association,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Cable:  Conchin 


116 


For.  Miss.  Sec,  Mr.  Edward  C.  Wood 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 

169 — American        Ramabai        Association 
(1896) 
Qffice :     299    Waterman     Street,     Provi- 
dence, Rhode  Island 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  Harlan  P.  Beach,  F.R.G.S. 
*Chmn.  Exec.  Committee,  Miss  Clemen- 
tina Butler 
Rec.  Sec,  Miss  Alice  H.  Baldwin,  233 
Fisher    Avenue,    Brookline,    Massa- 
chusetts 
Treas.,  Mr.  Edgar  C.  Linn,  1352  Bea- 
con St.,  Brookline,  Mass. 
Periodical:    "Mukti    Prayer    Bell."      Ed- 
itor,  Pundita  Ramabai.     Price,   free 
to    subscribers 

[Santal      Mission      of      the      Northern 
Churches    (1867) 

Office :   Dumka,   Santal   Parganas,   Bihar, 
India] 
170 — American    Committee    of    the    Santal 
Mission  (1891) 

Office:    Augsburg   Seminary,    Minneapolis,   Minn. 
Cable:    Santal 
Secretary,    Prof.   J.    H.    Blegen 

Periodical:   "Santhalmissionaeren."  Editor,  Prof. 
J.    H.    Blegen.      Price,    $.50 

Fields:     The    Non-Christian    World:    Asia:    In- 
dia 

[South  Africa  General  Mission  (1889) 
Office:    Box   988,    Cape    Town,    Cape   of 
Good     Hope     Province,     Union     of 
South   Africa] 
171 — American  Home  Council  of  the  South 
Africa  General  Mission   (1910) 
Office:    32    Court   Street,    Brooklyn,    New    York. 

Cable:     Saggmis,   Brooklyn 
Executive   Officers: 

Pres.,    Mr.    William    Phillips    Hall 
Vice    Pres.,    Rev.    J.    G.    Snyder 
*Sec,    Rev.    Wm.    H.    Hendrickson 
Rec.    Sec,    Mr.    E.    D.    Garnsey 
Treas.,    Mr.    W.    W.    Kouwenhaven 
Field   Sec,   Rev.   Arthur  J.    Bowen 
Periodical:   "The   South   African   Pioneer."    Ed- 
itor   Mrs.    James    Middlemiss.      Price.    $.50. 
"Diamonds    from    South    Africa."      Editor, 
Mrs.    Edgar    Faithfull.      Price,    $.25 
Fields:     The  Non-Christian    World:  Africa:  An- 
gola,    Basutoland,     Cape     of     Good     Hope 
Province,      Natal,      Nyasaland,       Rhodesia, 
Orange    Free    State,    Portuguese    East    Af- 
rica,   Swaziland,    Transvaal 

172— South  China  Boat  Mission  (1911) 
Office:  542  South  Dearborn  Street,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 
Executive  Officers : 

Director,  Miss  Florence  Drew 
*Home   Sec,   Mr.   Edward   Drew 
Fields :  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China 


173 — Rev.    D.    M.    Stearns'     Church    and 
Bible  Classes  (1900) 
Office:    167   Chelten   Ave.,    Germantown, 
Pennsylvania 
Secretary,   Miss   S.   C.   Dunkelberger 
Periodical:   "Kingdom  Tidings" 
Fields :    Latin    America:     West    Indies: 
Porto     Rico.       The     Non-Christian 
World:     Africa:      Morocco.  .     Also 
work  in  United  States  and  Europe 

[Sudan  United  Mission   (1904) 

Office:    16  Bridge   Street,  London,  E.C., 
England] 
174 — American  Council  of  the  Sudan  United 
Mission   (1906) 

Office:    25    Pine    Grove    Avenue,    Summit,    New 
Jersey.        Cable:      Kumm,      Summit,     New 
Jersey 
Act.  Sec,  Dr.  H.  K.  W.  Kumm 

Periodical:  "Newsletter."  Editor,  Miss  A. 
Coleman.      Price,   $.50 

Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Africa:  An- 
glo-Egyptian   Sudan,    Nigeria 

175=Foreign  Sunday  School  Association 
of  the  United  States  of  America 
(1878) 

Office:    1    Madison   Avenue,   New   York 
City 
President,  Rev.  Henry  C.  Woodruff 

Note :  This  Society  aids  various  mission- 
ary organizations  by  grants  for  Sun- 
day School  purposes 

176 — James  M.  Taylor  Interdenominational 
Missionary  "Work    (1909) 

Office :  807  Deery  Street,  Knoxville,  Ten- 
nessee 

Director,    Rev.    James    M.    Taylor,    D.D. 

Note:  This  is  a  fund  rather  than  a  so- 
ciety. All  monies  are  dispersed 
through  the  regular  Missionary  So- 
cieties 

177 — American  Waldensian  Aid  Society 

Office:  213  West  76th  Street,  New  York 

City 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rt.  Rev.  David  H.  Greer,  D.D. 
*Gen.   Sec,  Miss  Leonora  Kelso 
Cor.  Sec,  Mrs.  Richard  A.  Dorman 
Rec.      Sec,      Mrs.      Frank     Gardiner 

Moore 
Treas.,  Mr.  Eugene  Delano 

178 — Woman's  Union  Missionary  Society 
of  America  (1860) 

Office:  67  Bible  House,  New  York  City. 

Cable :  Wunsoc 
Executive  Officers: 
Pres.,  Mrs.  S.  J.  Broadwell 
*Cor.  Sec,  Mrs.  S.  T.  Dauchy 
Treas.,  Mr.  John  Mason  Knox 


117 


Asst.   Treas.,   Miss   Clara  E.   Masters, 
Miss  Elsie  E.  McCartee 
Periodical :  "The  Missionary  Link."    Ed- 
itor, Mrs.  F.  S.  Bronson.    Price,  $.50 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China,   India,   Japan 
179 — World's  Faith  Missionary  Association 
(1896) 
Office:  200  Mathews  Street,  Shenandoah, 

Iowa 
Executive   Officers : 
*Pres.,   Rev.    C.    S.    Hanley 
Vice    Pres.,    Rev.   J.    S.   Johnson 
Sec,   Mr.   R.  B.   Wilson 
Treas.,  Mrs.  C.  S.  Hanley 
Periodical:     "The     Missionary     World." 
Editor,    Rev.    C.    S.    Hanley.      Price, 
$.50  _    m 

Note:  This  Society  sends  no  mission- 
aries. It  supports  workers  under 
several    denominational    societies 

INDEPENDENT    (EDUCATIONAL) 
180 — Trustees    of    the    Canton    Christian 
CoUege  (1886) 
Office:    156    Fifth    Avenue,    New    York 

City.     Cable :    Cancriscol 
Executive  Officers : 

Hon.  Pres.,  Mr.  Herbert  Parsons 
Vice     Pres.,     Samuel     Train     Dutton, 

LL.D. 
*Sec  and  Treas.,  Mr.  W.  Henry  Grant 
Assist.  Sec,  Miss  Katharine  C.  Griggs 
Periodical :     "Bulletin     of     the     Canton 

Christian   College" 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China    (Kwangtung) 
181 — Trustees  of  the  American  College  for 
Girls  at  Constantinople    (1908) 
Office :  70  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Hon.   Chas.  R.  Crane 
Sec,  Mr.   Samuel   C.   Darling 
*Treas.,  Samuel  T.  Dutton,  LL.D. 
Periodical :        "Constantinople        College 

News" 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
Turkish   Empire 

182 — Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Gould  Mem- 
orial Home  and  Industrial  Schools, 
Borne,  Italy  (1875) 
Office :  45  Cedar  Street,  New  York  City 
Executive  Officers : 
*Pres.,    Mr.   Henry   B.    Barnes 
Treas.,  Mr.  Frederick  Dwight 
Fields :  Europe:  Italy 


183 — Board  of  Directors   of  the   Iconium 
CoUege  (1907) 
Office:    40    Flushing    Avenue,    Jamaica, 

Long  Island,  New  York 
Executive  Officers : 
Pres.,  David  J.  Burrell,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
*Sec,  Mr.  Martin  Ralph 
Field  Sec,  J.  O.  Wylie,  156  5th  Avenue, 

New  York  City 
Treas.,  Frederick  O.  Foxcroft 

184 — Trustees  of  Mackenzie  College,   Sao 
Paulo,  Brazil  (1892) 

Office:   5  West  82nd  Street,  New  York 

City 
Executive  Officers : 

Pres.,  Rev.  George  Alexander,  D.D, 
*Sec,  Rev.  D.   C.   MacLaren,   D.D. 
Periodical :    "Revista   de    Engenharia   do 

Mackenzie   College" 
Fields:  Latin  America:  South  America: 
Brazil 

185 — Trustees  of  Robert  College  (1864) 
Office:  99  John  Street,  New  York  City 
Executive  Officers : 
*Pres.,  Mr.  Cleveland  H.  Dodge 
Vice  Pres.,  Rev.  A.  F.  Schauffler,  D.D. 
Sec,    Rev.    A.    W.    Halsey,    D.D.,    156 

Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 
Rec    Sec,    Mr.    Wm.    D.    Murray,   68 
William  St.,  New  York  City 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
Turkish    Empire 

186 — Syrian    Protestant    College,    Beirut, 
Syria    (1863) 
Office:  99  John  Street,  New  York  City 
Executive   Officers : 
*Pres.,  Rev.  D.  Stuart  Dodge,  D.D. 
Treas.,    Mr.    William   M.    Kingsley 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
Syria 

187 — Yale     Foreign     Missionary     Society 
(1902) 

Office:  5  White  Hall,  New  Haven,  Con- 
necticut 
.  Executive  Officers : 

Chmn.  of  Board  of  Trustees,  Prof.  F. 

Wells  Williams 
Pres.,  Mr.  Clarence  H.  Kelsey 
*Sec-Treas.,  Amos  P.  Wilder,  Ph.D. 
Periodical:     "Yali     Quarterly."      Editor, 

A.  P.  Wilder,  Ph.D.    Price,  $.25 
Fields:  The  Non-Christian  World:  Asia: 
China  (Hunan) 


118 


MISSIONARY  •  SOCIETIES  OF  •  OTHER •  LANDS 


AUSTRALASIAN  SOCIETIES 

AUSTRALIA 

Baptist 

Australian  Board  of  Baptist  Foreign  Mis- 
sion (1912) 
Office:  201  Little  Collins  St.,  Melbourne, 
Australia 
Church  of  England    ' 
Australian  Board  of  Missions   (1850) 
Office:  242  Pitt  St.,  Sydney,  New  South 
Wales 
Methodist 

Methodist  Missionary  Society  of  Australia 
(18SS) 
Office:  139  Castlereagh  St.,  Sydney,  New 
South  Wales 
Presbyterian 

Board  of  Missions  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly  of   the   Presbyterian   Church   of 
Australia    (1901) 
Office:   Assembly   Hall,    156   Collins   St., 
Melbourne,  Victoria 
Independent 

South  Sea  Evangel  Mission   (1886) 
Office:    Gibbs    Chambers,    7    Moore    St., 
Sydney,   New   South  Wales 

NEW  ZEALAND 

Church  of  England 

Melanesian   Mission    (1849) 

Office :  Auckland 
Presbyterian 

Foreign  Missions  Committee  of  the  Pres- 
byterian   Church    of    New    Zealand 
(1869) 
Office :  8  Oban  St.,  Roslyn,  Dunedin 


BRITISH  AND  IRISH 
SOCIETIES 

ENGLAND 
Baptist 

Baptist  Missionary  Society   (1792) 
Office:   19  Furnival   St.,  London,  E.C. 


Christian 

Christian  Missions  in  Many  Lands   (1836) 

Office:    1   Widcombe   Crescent,   Bath 
Church  of  England 

Society   for  the   Propagation   of   the   Gos- 
pel in  Foreign   Parts    (1701) 
Office:     15     Tufton     St.,     Westminster, 
London,  fi.W. 
Church  Missionary  Society  for  Africa  and 
the   East    (1799) 
Office:     16    Salisbury    Square,    London, 
E.C. 
South  American  Missionary  Society  (1844) 
Office:  20  John  St.,  Bedford  Row,  Lon- 
don, W.C. 
Universities     Mission    to    Central    Africa 
(1858) 
Office:    9    Dartmouth    St.,    Westminster, 
London,   S.W. 
Church  of  England  Zenana  Missionary  So- 
ciety  (1880) 
Office :  Lonsdale  Chambers,  27  Chancery 
Lane,  London,  W.C. 
Jerusalem  and  the  East  Mission  (1888) 
Office:     Church     House,     Westminster, 
London,  S.W. 
Friends 

Friends'      Foreign      Mission      Association 
(1866) 
Office:    15   Devonshire    St.,   Bishopsgate, 
London,  E.C. 
Methodist 

Wesleyan    Methodist    Missionary    Society 
(1813) 
Office :  24  Bishopsgate,  London,  E.C. 
Primitive     Methodist    Missionary     Society 
(1842) 
Office:   Holborn  Hall,  London,  W.C. 
United   Methodist   Church   Missionary   So- 
ciety  (1857) 
Office :  202  Gravelly  Hill,  Birmingham 

Presbyterian 

Foreign  Missions  Committee  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  of   England    (1847) 
Office:  7  East  India  Ave.,  London,  E.C. 
Welsh     Calvanistic     Methodists'     Foreign 
Missions    (1840) 
Office :  16  Falkner  St.,  Liverpool 


119 


Independent 

London  Missionary  Society  (1795) 

Office:  16  New  Bridge  St.,  London,  E.C. 
British  and  Foreign  Bible   Society   (1804) 
Office:  Bible  House,  146  Queen  Victoria 
St.,  London,  E.C. 
Regions  Beyond  Missionary  Union   (1899) 
Office:   Harley  House,  Bow  Road,  Lon- 
don,   E. 
Evangelical     Union     of     South     America 
(1911) 
Office:    8-9   Essex    St.,    Strand,    London, 
W.C. 

IRELAND 

Presbyterian 

Foreign     Mission     of      the      Presbyterian 
Church  in  Ireland   (1840) 
Office:  Church  House,  Fisherwick  Place, 
Belfast 

Independent 

Qua  Iboe  Mission   (1887) 
Office:     108    Scqttish    Provident    Bldgs., 
Belfast 

SCOTLAND 

Presbyterian 

Church  of  Scotland  Foreign  Mission  Com- 
mittee  (1829) 
Office:  22  Queen   St.,   Edinburgh 
Foreign  Mission  Committee  of  the  United 
Free  Church  of  Scotland   (1900) 
Office:  121  George  St.,  Edinburgh 

Independent 

National  Bible  Society  of  Scotland  (1861) 
Office :  s  St.  Andrew  Square,  Edinburgh ; 
224  West  George  St.,  Glasgow 


CONTINENTAL  SOCIETIES 

DENMARK 

Danish   Missionary   Society    C1821) 

Office :    Strandagervej    24,   Hellerup,   Co- 
penhagen 
Danish  Mission  to  the  Orient   (1898) 
Office:  Prins  Constantins  Vej   5,  Copen- 
hagen 
Danish  Church  Mission  in  Arabia  (1904) 
Office :   Eckersberggade  8,  Copenhagen 

FINLAND 

Finnish  Missionary  Society    (1859) 

Office :   Helsingf ors 
Lutheran    Evangelical    Society   of    Finland 
(1873) 

Office :   Helsingf  ors 


FRANCE 

Paris      Evangelical      Missionary      Society 
(1822) 
Office:   102  Boulevard  Arago,   Paris 

GERMANY 

Berlin  Missionary  Society  (1824) 

Office :  Georgenkirchstrasse  70,  Berlin 
Rhenish  Missionary  Society   (1828) 

Office:   Missionshaus,  Barmen 
Leipzig      Evangelical      Lutheran      Mission 
(1836) 
Office :  Carolinenstrasse  19,  Leipzig 
Gossner  Missionary  Society  (1836) 

Office:  Handjerystrasse  19-20,  Friedenau, 
Berlin 
North  German  Missionary  Society   (1836) 

Office:   Bremen 
Rhenish-Westphalien   Deaconesses'   Society 
(1836) 
Office :    Kaiserswerth-on-the-Rhine 
Hermannsburg  Evangelical  Lutheran  Mis- 
sionary Society   (1840) 
Office:  Hermannsburg,  Hanover 
Jerusalem  Union    (1852) 

Office :  Wustrau,  Kreis  Ruppin 
Schleswig-Holstein     Evangelical    Lutheran 
Missionary      Society      at      Breklum 
(i877) 
Office :    Breklum,    Schleswig-Holstein 
Neukirchen  Mission  Institute   (1882) 

Office:  Kreis  Mors,  Neukirchen 
General  Society  for  Evangelical  Protestant 
Missions  of  Germany   (1884) 
Office :   Sedanstrasse  40,  Berlin-Steglitz 
Evangelical    Missionary    Society    for    Ger- 
man East  Africa    (1886) 
Office:   Bethel  bei  Bielefeld 
Society    for   Home   and   Foreign    Missions 
According  to   the   Principles   of   the 
Lutheran  Church   (1886) 
Office :    Neuendettelsau,   Bavaria 
Hildesheim   Missionary   Society   for   Blind 
Girls  in  China    (1890) 
Office :    Sedanstrasse  33,   Hildesheim 
Missionary  Society  of  the  German  Baptists 
(1890) 
Office:    Missionshaus,   Neuruppin 
Hannover      Free      Evangelical      Lutheran 
Church  Missionary  Society  (1892) 
Office :    Nettelkamp    bei   Wrested 
German  Orient  Mission    (1895) 
Office:  Gr.  Weinmeisterstrasse  50,  Pots- 
dam 
German  Aid  Society  for  Christian  Chanty 
in  the  East  (1896) 
Office :   Fiirstenbergerstrasse   151,  Frank- 
furt a.  Main 
Liebenzell  Mission    (1899) 
Office :    Liebenzell,    Wiirttemberg 


THE  NETHERLANDS 

Netherlands  Missionary  Society   (1797) 

Office:  Rechter  Rottekade  63,  Rotterdam 
Mennonite  Union   for  the   Propagation  of 
the  Gospel  in  the  Ultramarine  Pos- 
sessions of  the  Netherlands   (1847) 
Office :   Singel  454,  Amsterdam 
Netherlands  Missionary  Union   (1858) 
Office:  Westzeedijk  345,  Rotterdam 
Utrecht  Mission  Union 

Office:  Rechter  Rottekade  63,  Rotterdam 
Mission  of  the  Reformed  Churches  in  the 
Netherlands  to  the  Pagans  and  Mo- 
hammedans  (1892) 
Office:  Smilde 


NORWAY 

Norwegian   Missionary   Society    (1842) 

Office:  Stavanger 
Norwegian  Mission  Union   (1889) 
Office:   Bernt  Ankers  gate  4  II,   Chris- 
itania 
Norwegian  Lutheran  China  Mission  Asso- 
ciation   (1890) 
Office :    Fieldhaug,    Sinsenbakken,    Chris- 
tiania 

SWEDEN 

Evangelical    National    Society    in    Sweden 
(1856) 
Office:  Danderyd,  near  Stockholm 
Church  Mission  of  Sweden   (1874) 

Office :  Upsala 
Swedish   Missionary   Society    (1878) 

Office :  Barnhusgatan  10,  Stockholm 
Swedish    Baptist   Foreign    Missions    Com- 
mittee (1889) 


Office:  Tegnerogatan  13,  Stockholm 
Holiness  Union   (1885) 

Office:  Tarp,  Kumla 
Swedish  Alliance  Mission    (1900) 

Office :  Jonkoping 
Women     Missionary     Workers,     Sweden 
(1894) 

Office  :  3  Brunnsgatan,  Stockholm 

SWITZERLAND 

Basel      Evangelical      Missionary      Society 
(1815) 
Office :   Missionhaus,  Basel 
Swiss    Evangelical    Mission    to    Shangaan 
(Thonga)  Tribes   (1875) 
Office:  Chemin  des  Cedres,  Lausanne 

SOUTH  AFRICAN  SOCIETIES 

Baptist 

South  African  Baptist  Missionary  Society 

(1892) 
Office :  The  Manse,  Raylan  Street,  King 

William's  Town,  Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Province 
Methodist 

South  African  Missionary  Society  (1886) 
Office:    Ludeke,   via   Bizana,   Pondoland, 

Cape  of  Good  Hope  Province 
Reformed 
General  Mission  Committee  of  the  Dutch 

Reformed   Church   of   South   Africa 

(1824) 
Office:    "Mvera,"    Stellenbosch,   Cape   of 

Good  Hope  Province 
Independent 

South  African  General  Mission   (1889) 
Office :    Box   988,   Cape   Town,   Cape   of 

Good  Hope  Province 


STATISTICS 


THE  STATISTICS 

Burton  St.  John 

The  statistics  in  the  four  following  tables  give  the  leading  facts  concerning  the 
work  of  the  Societies  having  their  headquarters  in  Canada  and  in  the  United  States. 
It  should  be  observed  that  they  are  not  World  Statistics  in  the  sense  of  giving  a  record 
of  the  complete  missionary  occupation  for  Europe,  for  Latin  America,  or  for  the  Non- 
Christian  World. 

A  definite  method  of  procedure  has  been  adopted  in  the  gathering  of  these  statistics. 
The  annual  reports  of  the  Societies  are  first  examined  and  the  data  recorded  in  statis- 
tical forms.  After  this  the  forms  are  sent  to  the  responsible  officers  of  the  Societies, 
calling  attention  to  any  points  upon  which  the  facts  are  not  clear  or  upon  which  in- 
formation is  not  discovered.  These  reports  are  checked  up  by  the  secretaries  and  re- 
turned to  the  Statistical  Bureau.  The  statements  as  corrected  by  the  secretaries  are 
taken  as  final. 

The  statistics  are  presented  in  four  tables. 

I.  A  table  recording  the  incomes  of  the  Societies.  This  does  not  include  the  in- 
come from  the  mission  fields  but  only  from  Canada  or  the  United  States.  The  income 
is  divided  between  that  which  comes  from  living  donors  and  that  which  comes  from 
other  sources  such  as  legacies,  income  in  investments  and  bank  interest. 

II.  The  second  table  gives  a  record  of  the  missionary  work  in  Europe.  It  will  be 
observed  that  much  of  this  work  in  Europe  is  conducted  under  indigenous  leadership 
and  is  not  immediately  supervised  by  missionaries  from  America. 

III.  The  third  table  presents  the  work  in  Latin  America.  In  the  group  of  Socie- 
ties recorded  in  this  table  will  be  found  a  number  of  Home  Missionary  organizations 
which  have  Latin  American  work.  It  was  necessary  to  include  these  Societies  in  order 
not  to  break  up  the  unity  of  the  report  for  Latin  America. 

IV.  The  fourth  table  presents  the  work  in  the  Non-Christian  World.  A  glance  will 
indicate  the  fact  that  this  includes  the  large  bulk  of  the  missionary  endeavors  from 
Canada  and  from  the  United  States. 

In  the  Directory  will  be  found  the  record  of  a  number  of  missionary  organizations 
for  which  no  statistical  report  is  made.  Nearly  all  of  these  are  auxiliary  organizations 
which  are  so  closely  linked  with  the  work  of  the  main  Society  that  they  present  no  in- 
dependent report. 

Several  organizations  which  are  auxiliary  to  main  societies  in  countries  outside  of 
Canada  and  the  United  States,  chiefly  in  Great  Britain,  have  no  statistical  report  aside 
from  the  income,  since  they  do  not  appoint  missionaries.  In  a  number  of  such  organiza- 
tions, however,  there  will  be  found  a  record  of  the  missionary  staff  sent  out  from 
Canada  or  from  the  United  States.  These  should  not  be  confused  with  the  complete 
report  of  the  main  societies. 


125 


Table  I.     Incomes 


SOCIETY 

(Church  Membership  in  Parenthesis) 


From 
Living 
Donors 


Grand  Totals— Canada  and  U.  S 22,182,823 


CANADA 


Totals — Canada 

BAPTIST 

Baptist,  Canadian,  For.  Miss.  Bd 

Baptist  Wo.  For.  Miss.  Soc,  Ont.,  West 

Baptist  Wo.  For.  Miss.  Soc,  Ont.  andQ 

Baptist  Wo.  Miss.   Un.  Maritime 

CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND 

Church  of  England,  Miss.  Soc 

Ch.  of  England.  Wo.  Aux.  Miss.  Soc 

CONGREGATIONAL 

Congregational  Canadian  For.  Miss.  Soc 

Congregational  Canadian  Wo.  Bd.  Miss 

HOLINESS 

Holiness  Movement  Church 

MENNONITES 

Mennonite  Brethren,  Ont.  Conf.,  Miss.  Soc 

METHODIST 

Methodist  Church,  Canada,  Miss.  Soc 

Methodist  Ch.,  Canada,  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

PRESBYTERIAN 

Presbyterian  Ch.  Canada,  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Presby.  Ch.  Canada,  Wo.  Miss.  Soc.  (E) 

Presby.  Ch.,  Canada,  Wo.  Miss.  Soc.(W) 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL  (Excepting  Educa- 
tional) 

Lepers'  Miss.,  Canadian  Com 

Y.  W.  C.  A.,  Canada,  For.  Dept 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL  (Educational) 

Wo.  Christian  Medical  Col.,  Toronto  Com 

INDEPENDENT 

Ceylon  and  India  Gen.  Miss.,  Canadian  Br 

China  Inland  Miss.,  Canadian  Br 

Evangelical  Un.,  South  America,  N.  A.  Br 

Gwalior  Presbyterian,  Miss.  Bd 

Inland-South- America  Miss.  Un.,  Canada 

McAll  Assn.,  Canadian •. 

Nyasaland  Miss.,  Canadian  Com 

San  Pedro  Miss.,  Canadian  Com 

Sudan  Interior  Miss 

Reported  through  Societies  in  U.  S 


UNITED  STATES 

Totals — United  States 

ADVENT  CHRISTIAN  (30,975) 

Advent,  American  Miss.  Soc 

Advent  Wo.  Ho.  and  For.  Miss.  Soc 

ADVENTIST,  SEVENTH-DAY  (82,287) 

Adventist,  Seventh-Day  Denomination 

BAPTIST,  GENERAL   (33,427) 

Baptists'  General  For.  Miss.  Bd 

BAPTIST  NATIONAL  CONVENTION  (3,018,341) 

Baptist  National  For.  Miss.  Bd 

BAPTIST  NORTHERN  CONVENTION  (1,227,448) 

Baptist  American  For.  Miss.  Soc 

Baptist  American  For.  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

Baptist  Free  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

Baptist  American  Ho.  Miss.  Soc 

Baptist  American  Ho.  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

BAPTIST,  SCANDINAVIAN 
Baptist  Scandinavian  Denomination 


1,407,502 

149,190 

17,672 

4,715 

(a)  (b)  20,721 

(o)(c)  168,698 
(a)       86,763 

(d)     *I9,370 
(a)(<0    5.788 

10,050 

t4.500 

(a)     488,798 
(a)(e)  1 14,770 

381,618 
(a)  •  35,335 
(a)       94,656 


if)        13.499 

3,37 

2,003 

714 

25,887 

*7.5I3 

t4,ooo 

3.165 

*3.4S5 

2,444 

1,167 

28,171 

84,101 


(A)     949.597 

f2,000 

18,496 

1,381,036 
384,435 

6,434 
(a)  (*)  129,427 
(a)  (J)  26,284 


5.680 


,328,500 

137.670 
17,260 
4,700 
20,721 

168,698 
86,768 


9.500 

4.500 

456,384 
114,779 

353.506 
35,029 
94,656 


13.499 
3.37 

2,003 

714 
25,887 
6.633 
4,000 
3,158 
3.455 
2,444 
1,167 
28,171 
84,101 


18,897,940 

28,458 
17.096 

949,597 

2,000 

18,496 

1,185,356 

338,128 

6,426 

129,427 

26,284 


5,680 


From 
Other 
Sources 


5.368 
151 


32,414 
28,112 


5.07 
500 


195,680 
46,307 


,LN 

.  ,N 


,.N 

.LN 

.EN 
..N 
..N 
..L 
..L 


N 


(*)     Data  for  1917. 
(t)     Estimate. 
(**)  Data  not  available, 
(ft)  Incomplete  data. 

(a)  Expended  on  work  included  within  this  survey 

only. 

(b)  Total  income  140,833. 

(c)  Not  including  $1,1 11  for  Armenian  and  Syrian 


Work  carried  on  through  the  A.B.C.F.M. 

Total  income  $223,553- 

Not  including  $  1,932,  for  war  relief. 

Total  income  $17,946. 

In  addition  $63,732  was  contributed  in  Canada. 

Total  income  about  $1,400,000. 

Total  income  $251,473. 


126 


Table  I.    Incomes  (Continued) 


|| 

u  c 

II 

QZ 


SOCIETY 

(Church  Membership  in  Parenthesis) 


BAPTIST,  SEVENTH-DAY   (7,980) 

Baptist  Seventh-Day  Miss.  Soc 

Baptist  Seventh  Day  Wo.  Exec.  Bd 

BAPTIST,  SOUTHERN  CONVENTION  (2,711,591) 

Baptist  Southern  For.  Miss.  Bd 

Baptist  Southern  Wo.  Miss.   Un 

Baptist  Southern  Ho.  Miss.  Bd 

BRETHREN,  CHURCH  OF  (Conservative) 
(105,649) 

Brethren  Gen.  Miss.  Bd 

BRETHREN,  CHURCH  OF  (Progressive)   (24,260) 

Brethren  For.  Miss.  Soc 

BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST  (3,805) 

Brethren  in  Christ  For.  Miss.  Bd 

BRETHREN   (Plymouth)  (13,244) 

Brethren  Missionaries 

CHRISTIAN  AND  MISS.  ALLIANCE  (10,104) 

Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance 

CHRISTIAN  CHURCH   (117,853) 

Christian  Church  For.  Miss.  Bd 

Christian  Church  Wo.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

CHURCH  OF  GOD 

Church  of  God,  Miss.  Bd 

CHURCHES  OF  GOD  (General  Eldership)  (28,376) 

Churches  of  God,  Wo.  Gen.  Miss.  Soc 

CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES  (790,163) 

American  Bd.  Comm.  For.  Miss 

Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  Boston 

Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  Interior 

Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  Pacific 

American  College.  Madura,  Trustees 

Central  Turkey  College,  Aintab,  Trustees 

Euphrates  College,  Trustees : 

Jaffna  College,  Trustees 

St.  Paul's  Institute,  Trustees 

American  Miss.  Assn 

DISCIPLES  OF  CHRIST  (1,231,404) 

Christian,  For.  Miss.  Soc 

Christian,  Wo.  Bd.  Miss 

EPISCOPAL,  PROTESTANT  (1,098,173) 

Protestant,  Episcopal,  Dom.  For.  Miss.  Soc ( 

EPISCOPAL,  REFORMED  (11,050) 

Reformed  Episcopal  Bd.  For.  Miss.(**) 

Reformed  Episcopal  Wo.  For.  Miss.  Soc 

EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION  (120,756) 

Evangelical  Assn.  Miss.  Soc 

Evangelical  Assn.  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

EVANGELICAL  UNITED   (90,007) 

Evangelical  Un.  Ho.  and  For.  Miss.  Soc 

Ev.   Un.  Wo.  Ho.  and  For.  Miss.  Soc 

EVANGELICAL  SYNOD   (342,788) 

Evangelical  For.  Miss.  Bd.(6) 

FRIENDS  (Hicksite)  (17,170) 

Friends'  Philadelphia  For.  Miss.  Assn 

FRIENDS   (Orthodox)   (94,111) 

Friends'  American  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Friends'  Wo.  Miss.  Un 

Friends'  California  Bd.  Miss 

Friends'  Ohio  For.  Miss.  Soc 


(a)         8,648 
*2,I37 

(k)  1,020,653 

251,227 

(a)(1)  63,388 

(a)  (m)  172,014 

(n)       14,855 

*io,766 

t(o)     10,000 

(a) (p) 251, 506 

(</)       32,022 
n,550 

(a)       44,000 

(a)         6,000 

(r)  l,30i;02i 
(s)     238,753 
162,865 
25,356 
(t)  80 

(t)  3,640 

(t)  8,326 

(t)        16,316 
(t)  2,500 

(a)  (u)  17,701 

615.523 
(a)  (w)  212,683 

a)  (x)i  ,008,80s 

(y)       4.151 
4.151 

(a)       81,571 
(a)       39,623 

(a)       61,962 
(a)(z)  27,108 

41,426 

30,537 

(c)       60,726 

(a)       20,500 

(a)       12,700 

15,375 


From 
Living 
Donors 


1,013,419 
251,227 
63,388 

118,637 
14,711 
10,766 
10,000 

251,506 

29,169 

9,010 

44,000 

6,000 

876,074 

209,459 

157,252 

24,520 

80 

225 

196 


548,457 
212,683 


39,623 

56,758 
25,376 

39,995 

26,332 

60,408 
20,500 
12,700 
15.015 


From 
Other 
Sources 


6' 

•So.c 

§.  1 


53,377 

144 


2,853 
2,540 


424.947 
29,294 
5,6i3 


3,415 
8,130 
16,316 


99 
67,066 


5.204 
1,732 

1,43 

4.205 

318 


360 


y. 
I 
I 

.ELN 
.ELN 


..EN 
,.LN 

...N 
.ELN 
..LN 
..LN 


.ELN 

...N 


.ELN 
.ELN 
.ELN 

...N 


,EL(»)N 
LN 


.LN 

..N 


EN 

..N 


..N 
..N 
.LN 

..L 

,.N 


(*)     Data  for  1917. 

(J)    Estimate. 

(**)  Data  not  available. 

(tt)  Incomplete  data. 

(a)    Expended  on  work  included  within  this  survey 

only. 
(k)     Includes$iS3,266forthe  Judson  Centennial  Fund. 
(I)      Total  income  $694,157. 
(m)    Not  including  $26,528  for  war  relief. 


(») 


fa) 


This  does  not   include   Armenian    and    Syrian 

Relief. 
In  addition  $5,000  was  contributed  in  Canada. 
A   part   of   this   was   contributed   in    Canada. 

Much    was    contributed    by    a    constituency 

outside  the  membership  of  the  church. 
Not  including  $902  for  Armenian  and  Syrian 

Relief. 


(r)  In  addition  $7,985  was  contributed  in  Canada. 
(s)  In  addition  $1,965  was  contributed  in  Canada. 
(0      Income  independent  of  the  American  Board,  but 

included  in  the  total  reported  above. 
(u)    Total  income  $576,313. 
(»)     Latin  American  work  (Cuba)  reported,  but  was 

given  up  during  the  year. 
(w)    Total  income  $457,360.       A  small  amount  was 
contributed  in  Canada. 
Includes  expenditures  for  some  areas  included 
within    this    survey,    but    reported    by    the 
"Home  Mission"  department. 
Funds   contributed    by   the   Woman's    Society. 
Total  income  $46,057. 

Formerly  recorded  as  German  Evangelical. 
In  addition  $225  was  contributed  in  Canada. 


(-v) 


127 


Table  I.     Incomes 

(Continued) 

h 

il 

SOCIETY 

(Church  Membership  in  Parenthesis) 

Total 

From 
Living 
Donors 

From 
Other 
Sources 

Works  in 

E — Europe 
L — Latin  America 
N  — Non-Christian 
World 

54 

HEPHZIBAH  FAITH  MISS.  ASSN.   (352) 

(a)( 

M 

if) 
(g) 

(h) 
(i) 

CO: 

(a)( 
\a)\ 

(a){ 
(a) 
(a) 

(o)( 

(a)(o 

(a) 
(a) 

t3,000 

14,808 
t8,ooo 

i)    2,000 
IS. 000 
31,552 

tiS.ooo 

210,117 

24,638 
39,541 

*40,ii5 
92,349 
17.864 

141,538 
44,562 
37,274 

46,376 
*35.742 

1:0,500 

3,000 
14,808 
8,000 

2,000 
15,000 
31,552 
15,000 
205,807 
24,638 
39,541 

40,115 

87,855 
17,864 
134,012 
44,562 
37,274 

46.376 
35,742 
0,500 

...N 

55 

HOLINESS  CHURCH  (Internat'l  Apos.)  (5,276) 

.     LN 

56 

LUTHERAN  BRETHREN  (892) 

.  ..N 

57 

LUTHERAN,  DANISH  (14,562) 

58 

LUTHERAN,  DANISH  UNITED  (17,324) 

N 

59 

LUTHERAN  FREE  CHURCH  (28,180) 

N 

60 

LUTHERAN,  JOINT  SYNOD  OF  OHIO  (165,116) 

N 

61 

LUTHERAN,  NORWEGIAN  (320,129) 

4.3io 

N 

62 

LUTHERAN  SYNOD  OF  IOWA  (130,793) 

63 

LUTHERAN  SYN.  CONFERENCE  (777,438) 

N 

64 

LUTHERAN  UNITED  (962,380) 

N 

65 

4-494 

.     N 

66 

...L 

67 

7.526 

LN 

67a 

68 

N 

69 

MENNONITE  (34,965)  and 
MENNONITE,  AMISH  (7,893) 

LN 

70 

MENNONITE,  BRETHREN  (5,127) 

N 

71 

MENNONITE  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST  (4,737) 

LN 

72 

73 

MENNONITE,  CONF.  OF  DEFENCELESS  (1,171) 

10,000 

69,000 

*II,074 

,083,814 
,175,758 
V)  32,873 
)  II.385 

•n)  20,400 
^8,000 
■\8,825 

t)  22,120 
U.500 

)l,033,O39 

-110,267 
61,907 

3,883 

35,410 
31.083 

10,000 

69,000 

11,074 

3,011,709 

1,107,505 

32,873 

11,385 

20,400 
8,000 
8,825 

22,120 

2,500 

995,944 

94.703 
61,907 

3.883 

34.930 
31.083 

N 

74 

MENNONITE,  GENERAL  CONF.   (15,407) 

N 

75 

MENNONITE  (Krimmer  Brueder  Gemeinde)  (894) 

N 

76 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  (3,718,396) 

72,105 
68,163 

ELN 

76a 

ELN 

77 

L 

78 

L 

79 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL,  AFRICAN  (552,265) 

LN 

79a 

79  h 

80 

METHODIST  EPIS.  AFRICAN  ZION  (258,433) 

LN 

80a 

81 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL,  SOUTH  (2,108,061) 

37.095 
15,564 

LN 

82 

METHODIST,  FREE  (35,287) 

LN 

82a 

83 

METHODIST,  PRIMITIVE  (9,442) 

84 

METHODIST  PROTESTANT    (186,873) 

480 

N 

85 

Methodist  Protestant  Wo.  For.  Miss.  Soc 

N 

(*)     Data  for  1917. 
(t)    Estimate. 
(**)  Data  not  available, 
(ft)  Incomplete  data. 


Co) 


CO 


Expended  on  work  included  within  this  survey 

only. 
Expended  through  the  Danske  Missionsselskab. 
Expended  chiefly  through  European  Missionary 

Societies. 
One-half  the  contributions  for  the  biennium. 

Includes  $9,567  contributed  to  former  German 

missions.     In  addition  $1,655  was  contributed 

in  Canada. 


M 


One-half  the  contributions   for  the  "biennium. 
All  missionaries  and  funds  are  reported  also  by 

the  Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance. 
Work   closed   by   the    war.     All    contributions 
donated  to  the  Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief 
committee, 
(i)     Not  including  $62,249  for  war  relief. 
Ik)    Total  income  $1,020,000. 
U)     Total  income  $1,156,099. 
im)   Total  income  $55,394. 
(«)    Total  income  $42,120. 
(o)     Not  including  $4,341  for  war  relief. 


128 


Table  I.     Incomes  (Continued) 


SOCIETY 

(Church  Membership  in  Parenthesis) 


From 
Living 
Donors 


From 
Other 
Sources 


H. 


i§* 


•2e-a 


METHODIST,   UNION  AMERICAN   (3,624) 

Methodist,  Union  Am.  For.  Miss.  Soc 

METHODIST  WESLEYAN  (20,846) 

Methodist  Wesleyan  Am.  Miss.  Soc 

METROPOLITAN  CHURCH  ASSN.   (704) 

Burning  Bush  Mission 

MORAVIAN  CHURCH   (26,373) 

Moravian  Church 

NEW  JERUSALEM  GENERAL  CONV.  (6,352) 

New  Jerusalem  Ch.,  Bd.  Miss 

PENIEL  MISSIONS  (257) 

Peniel  Miss.  Soc 

PENTECOST  BANDS  OF  THE  WORLD  (218) 

Pentecost  Bands  of  the  World 

PENTECOSTAL  CHURCH   (32,475) 

Pentecostal  Ch.  Gen.  For.  Miss.  Bd 

PRESBYTERIAN  ASSO.  REFORMED  (15,124) 

Presbyterian  Assoc.  Ref.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

PRESBYTERIAN  ASSOCIATE  SYNOD   (490) 

Presbyterian  Associate  Church 

PRESBYTERIAN  CUMBERLAND   (72,056) 

Presbyterian  Cumberland  Wo.  Bd.  Miss 

PRESBYTERIAN  IN  THE  U.  S.  (South)  (357,566) 

Presby.  Exec.  Com.  For.  Miss.  (South) 

PRESBYTERIAN  IN  THE  U.  S.   A. 
(North)    (1,613,056) 

Presbyterian  For.  Miss.  Bd 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  For.  Miss.  ( New  York) 

Presby.  Wo.  Occidental  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Presby.  Wo.  For.  Miss.  Soc.  Philadelphia 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  For.  Miss.,  Southwest , 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  North  Pacific -r 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  Northwest 

Presbyterian  Home  Miss.  Bd 

Presbyterian  Home  Wo.  Bd.  Miss 

PRESBYTERAIN,  REFORMED   (8,185) 

Presbyterian  (Covenanter)  Bd.  For.  Miss 

PRESBYTERIAN,  REF.  GEN.  SYNOD  (2,386) 

Presbyterian,  Reformed,  Gen.  Syn.  Bd.  For.  Miss.  . 

PRESBYTERIAN,   UNITED   (160,726) 

Presbyterian  United  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Presbyterian   United  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

PRESBYTERIAN,  WELSH  CALVINISTIC 
METHODIST  (14,536) 

Calvinistic  Methodist  Miss.  Soc 

REFORMED,  CHRISTIAN   (38,668) 

Reformed,  Christian,  Bd.  For.  Miss 

REFORMED  IN  AMERICA  (144,166) 

Reformed  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Reformed  Wo.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

REFORMED  IN  THE  U.  S.   (340,671) 

Reformed  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Reformed  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

SALVATION  ARMY  (35,975) 

Salvation  Army 

SCANDINAVIAN  ALLIANCE 

Scandinavian  Alliance 

SCHWENKFELDER  (1,127) 

Schwenkfelder,  Ho.  and  For.  Miss.  Soc 

SWEDISH  FREE  CHURCH   (6,208) 
Swedish  Evang.  Free.  Ch.  U.  S.  of  N.  A 


32,240 

800 

58,376 

2,104 

t3,ooo 

9,550 

99,740 

*23,o89 

426 

2.429 

668,382 


.6,263 


2,901,006 
(r)     162,627 

30,496 
(5)     347.888 

43,714 
(a)(0  16,699 
(a)(u)i88,i64 
(a)(2))  77.327 
(a)(w)32,8i2 

55,219 

t2,500 

500,363 
122,071 


(a)  (*)  12,338 

(y) 


240,839 
(a)(2)  20,784 

(a)(6)  37,777 
(c)  55.806 
(<*)(<*)(*)  S43 


37,986 

2,104 

3,000 

9,550 

95,265 

20,932 

426 

2,429 

627,709 

2,409,598 
142,067 

30,496 
312,378 

43,595 

16,699 
173,041 

77,327 

32,8 

55.219 

2,500 

434,518 
118,918 


309.947 
91,716 

222,094 
20,784 

37,777 

55, 806 

543 


4,48i 
2.157 


40,673 


491,408 
20,560 


65,845 
3,153 


60,366 
6,895 


(*)     Data  for  1917. 

(t)     Estimate. 

(**)  Data  not  available. 

(tt)  Incomplete  data. 

(a)     Expended  on  work  included  within  this  survey 

only. 
(p)     Newly  organized.     No  income  reported. 
(g)     Expended  through  the  Original  Secession  Church 

of  Scotland. 
(y)     Not  including  $255  for  Armenian  and  Syrian 

Relief. 
(5)     Not  including  $1,983  for  Armenian  and  Syrian 

Relief. 
(0     Not  including  $113  for  war  relief. 


..N 
..N 
.LN 

.LN 
.LN 
.LN 
.LN 


..N 
.LN 


.LN 
.LN 
.LN 
.LN 
.LN 
.LN 
.LN 
..L 
..L 


.LN 

.LN 
..N 


(u)    Not  including  $535  for  war  relief. 
(»)     Total  income  $941,882. 
(w)    Total  income  $508,  962. 
lx)     Total  income  $19,360. 
(y)     Newly  organized.     No  income  reported, 
(z)     Total  income  $34,890. 

(6)     Total  income  of  the  Self-Denial  Fund  for  Home 
and  Foreign  Missions  was  $91,219. 

(c)  In   addition   $200    (about)   was  contributed   in 

Canada. 

(d)  Contributed   for  the   support   of   a   missionary 

under  the  American  Board. 

(e)  Total  income  $5,895. 


129 


Table  I.     Incomes  (Continued) 


«  c 

SOCIETY 

(Church  Membership  in  Parenthesis) 

Total 

From 
Living 
Donors 

From 
Other 
Sources 

Works  in 

E — Europe 
L — Latin  America 
N — Non-Christian 
World 

112 

SWEDISH  MISSION  COVENANT  (29,096) 

39,768 

166,429 

60,163 

(a)          3.206 
(a)          1,034 

19.993 

6,340 

(a)(/)28o,i8o 
(a)          7,939 
(g)          8,531 
(a)  (ft)  63,291 

(0 

GO      53,525 

(j)              7,200 

(k)      40,000 
36,033 

«   s-404 

(k)    27,717 

(0       50,316 

(m)      Si. 740 
(a)   ...5,515 
(n)     568,107 

*20,000 
96,139 

20,000 

0)       11,675 

U)      42,407 

(i)        1,130 

1,293 

43.975 

1,400 

4.430 

(0)       59,518 

3,324 

6,947 

ti,500 

32,952 

fio.ooo 

148,906 

(a)(p)  22,000 

3,077 

6,042 

*2,633 

18,535 

19,600 

w        *4,6t7 

(a)         2,265 

984 

4,638 

39,768 

162,679 

60,163 

3.206 
1,034 

19.158 
5,505 

280,189 

7,939 

8,531 

63,291 

113 

UNITED  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST   (348,490) 

3,750 

113a 

114 

UNITED  BRETHREN  (Old  Constitution)  (19,130) 

N 

114a 

115 

UNIVERSALIST   (58,433) 

835 

835 

115a 

116 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL  (Excepting  Educa- 
tional) 

117 

118 

120 

121 

122 

53,ooo 
7,200 
40,000 
36,033 
5,404 

S25 

123 

124 

125 

126 

N 

127 

128 

18,176 
50,316 
5L740 
5,515 
56i,93S 
20,000 
96,139 

20,000 

11.675 

4L934 

1,130 

1,290 

43,975 
1,400 
4.430 

59,518 
3.324 
6.947 
I.50O 

32.952 

10,000 
148,906 

22,000 

3,000 

6,042 
2,633 
18,535 
9,600 
4,617 

9,541 

129 

130 

N 

131 

W.  C.  T.  U.  World's 

.     LN 

132 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Internat'l.  Com.  For.  Dept 

6,172 

ELN 

132a 

N 

133 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  National  Bd.  Fo-.  Dept 

LN 

134 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL  (Educational) 

135 

N 

136 

473 

.      N 

139 

Union  Miss.  Med.  Col.  for  Wo 

N 

140 

3 

141 

INDEPENDENT  (Excepting  Educational) 

N 

142 

143 

E 

144 

145 

N 

146 

L 

147 

N 

148 

L 

149 

.    N 

150 

N 

151 

Christian  Herald  Miss.  Fund 

Churches  of  God,  Wo.  Miss.  Soc.(g) 

152 

77 

N 

153 

N 

154 

N 

156 

N 

157 

Inland-So.-American  Miss.  Un.  Coun 

10,000 

.  .  .L 

158 

159 

International  Miss.  Union 

160 

International  Reform  Bureau 

2,265 
984 

4.638 

N 

162 

.  .  .N 

163 

Lebanon  Hospital;  Am.  Com 

(tt) 

(.a) 

00 
d) 

(h) 

(0 

(J) 


Data  for  1917. 

Estimate. 

Data  not  available. 

Incomplete  data. 

Expended  on  work  included  within  this  survey 
only. 

Total  income  $886,737. 

Expended  as  grants  to  Christian  Endeavor 
Unions  in  Mission  countries. 

Including  funds  of  American  Huguenot  Com- 
mittee.    Not  including  $  10,411  for  war  relief. 

No  income  except  from  constituent  missionary 
societies. 

In  addition  to  the  grants  from  constituent 
missionary  gocjetjes. 


(k)     One-half  the  total  income,  as  the  society  works 

for  both  home  and  foreign  missions. 
(0      In  addition,  $2,500  was  contributed  in  Canada. 
(m)    Not  including  $25  for  Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief. 
(m)     Including   $49,796   expended   for   work   among 

soldiers  from  non-Christian  countries, 
(o)     Expended  for  the  support  of  orphans  who  are 

cared  for  by  the  regular  missionary  societies, 

but   not   included   in  the   incomes   of   these 

societies. 
{p)    Expended  through  regular  missionary  societies. 
(<j)     Formerly  connected  with  the  General  Eldership 

of  the  Churches  of  God. 
No  income  except  from  the  constituent 

ary  societies. 


(-•) 


130 


Table  I.     Incomes 

(Concluded) 

II 

SOCIETY 

(Church  Membership  in  Parenthesis) 

Total 

From 
Living 
Donors 

From 
Other 
Sources 

Works  in 

E — Europe 
L — Latin  America 
N — Non-Christian 
World 

\s)  87,347 
2,48s 
3,250 

(0  4,292 
3,910 
8,773 
18,607 
2,700 

(a)  («)  25,085 
7,637 
1,967 

(v)        21,201 

58,676 
68,383 

(v)          2,500 
(w)      30,154 

43,565 

129 

(*)         500 

131,044 

(y)   *I37,236 
56,766 

84,650 
2,48s 
3,250 
3,592 
3.899 
8,773 

18,208 
2,700 

25.085 
7,6i6 
1,570 

27,20/ 
58,290 
38,001 
2,500 

28,98l 

4S,S65 

129 

Soo 
50,000 
137,236 
56,008 

2,697 

N 

L 

700 
11 

399 

N 

LN 

21 
397 

386 
30,382 

INDEPENDENT   (Educational) 

I.I73 

N 

L 

81,044 

N 

187 

Yale  For.  Miss.  Soc 

758 

N 

(*)     Data  for  1917- 

(t)     Estimate. 

(**)  Data  not  available. 

(ft)  Incomplete  data. 

(a)     Expended  on  work  included  within  this  survey 

only. 
(s)     Not  including  $24,401  for  war  relief. 
(/)      Not  including  53,5 10  expended  through  other 

missionary  societies. 


(y) 


Not  including  §29,585  expended  through  other 
societies,  and  $8,365  for  war  relief. 

Contributed  through  regular  missionary  societies. 

In  addition  $1,839  was  contributed  in  Canada. 

Income  from  United  States  independent  of 
grant  from  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  (North). 

No  later  information  on  account  of  war. 


131 


Table  II.     Europe,   Excepting 


SOCIETY 

FOREIGN  STAFF 

o 

T3 

C 

6s 

•d 

°  £ 

> 

•d 

11 

Columns  1-5 



Physi- 
cians 

B 
2  0 

5z 

§ 

a 
<a 

6 
0 

1 

UNITED  STATES 

1 

2 

3      |      . 

• 

' 

7 

8 

9 

202|          711          331          721          23||. . .  .1. . .  .)       3[|      3,87! 

22 

ADVENTIST,  SEVENTH-DAY 

86 

27 

18 

34 

7 

25 

BAPTIST  NORTHERN  CONVENTION 

29 

BAPTIST,  SEVENTH  DAY 

6 

30 

BAPTIST,  SOUTHERN  CONVENTION 

4 
3 

4 

11 

42 
6 
4 

14 

2 
I 
2 

s 
16 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 
IS 

32 

BRETHREN  CHURCH  (Conservative) 

I 

24 

35 

BRETHREN   (Plymouth) 

39 

CHURCH  OF  GOD 

Church  of  God,  Miss.  Bd 

CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES 

4 
136 

41 

10 
6 
4 

3 

3 

41a 

Wo.  Bd.  Miss.,  Boston 

416 

43 

DISCIPLES  OF  CHRIST 

14 

47 

EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION 

48 

76 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 

16 
5 

20 

2 

6 

S 

S 

5 

76a 

Methodist  Epis.  For.  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  Internat'l  Com.  For.  Dept.*.  . . 
INDEPENDENT  (Excepting  Educational) 

132 

' 

11 

9 

1 

143 

182 

INDEPENDENT  (Educational) 

Gould  Ho.  and  Indus.  Sch.  Rome 

(*)     Data  for  1917.  (t)     Estimate.  (**)   No  data  available.  (ft)  Incomplete. 

(a)     May  include  women.  (b)     Includes  some  ordained  men. 


Table  III.     Latin  America.     The  West  Indies, 


IGrand  Totals— ^Canada  and  U.  S 

15S9 

45  i 

249 

49 1\ 

39J||     20!        6|     30 

3,152 

CANADA 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

1  Totals — Canada 

46 

17 

6 

15 

8||....|....|.... 

425 

BAPTIST 

Baptist,  Canadian  For.  Miss.  Bd 

CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND 

Church  of  England,  Canada  Miss  Soc.  . . 

PRESBYTERIAN 
Presbyterian  Ch.  Canada  Bd.  For.  Miss. 
INDEPENDENT 

San  Pedro  Miss.  Canadian  Com 


CD!  1 
S 


UNITED  STATES 


I  Totals— United  States |    1,543; 


243|       4771       382||     20| 


301      2,727 


22 

ADVENTIST,  SEVENTH-DAY 

197 

8 

32 
23 

37 
6 
16 

7i 

67 
2 

14 

22 

8 

3 

24 

BAPTIST  NATIONAL  CONVENTION 

Baptist  Nat'l.  For.  Miss.  Bd 

26 

BAPTIST  NORTHERN  CONVENTION 

23 

76 

27 

29 

BAPTIST,  SEVENTH  DAY 

Baptist,  Seventh  Day  Miss.  Soc 

1 

(/)      Working  under  the  South  American  Missionary  Society. 

132 


Turkey  in  Europe 


NATIVE  STAFF 

CHURCH 

MEDICAL 

■d 

c 

cH 

C         w 

. 

IrfS 

►. 

Tj 

■| 

3 

3 

Tj  C 

^°-d 

"rt 

i 

a 

3  h 

.t!  3 

^3£ 

OS 

o  c 

S 
o 

* 

S 
| 

it  s  rt 

£«3 

rt^  SO 
oc-gs 

'ft 
o 

s 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

581 

3,280 

10! 

247,913| 

232,137| 

3,966 

11.8101 

2,5141 

.... 



1,543.931 

22 

32 

2 

39 

10 

(a)     125 

(6)2,507 

4 

5 

14 

io,695 

143,986 

95 

1,410 

167 

10,695 

143,986 

95 

I.4IO 

167 

25 

(«)         78 

93L499 

29 

30 

348 

1.948 

32 

35 

39 

3 

44 

(a)      92 

i 

41 

3,796 

3,796 

1,552 

41a 

41/' 

43 

1,863 

7,347 
78,354 

I.863 

7,347 
62,578 

1,048 
5.273 

47 

48 
403 

76 

533 

9 

3,966 

11,810 

476 
364 

76a 

132 

143 

200 

200 

182 

60 

Theological  students  only.  (d)     No  report  on  work  available. 

Report  for  Switzerland  only.  No  report  for  German  missions. 


Mexico,  Central  America,  South  America 


606|      1,6901          856||    191,165|    127,598 

47,476 

16.091H      50,f»70|      15|     25 

65,65811        527,700 

10 

11 

12              13               14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

71          280| 



25||      1 

II 

1 

1 

78 

53 

25 

t40 

2 

8 

(«)     7 

fe)  t278 

1 

(g)  ti38 

(g)   I.59I 

(g)   1. 59i 

(g)  14,417 

(g)     10,896 

19 

II         1 

599|      1,410  718||    189,4961    125,954|      47,476|      16,066||      36,21311     15|      25 1  65,658||        511,704 


22 

9 

(A)i8o 

6,504 

350 

6.311 

6,504 

350 

6,311 

705 

3 

3 

76,424 

24 

26 

44 

32 

3i 

2,029 

453 

1 

1 

15,619 

27 

29 

! 

30 

30 

100 

(g)     Trinidad  only. 


(Ji)     Probably  includes  women  teachers. 

133 


Table  III.     Latin  America.    The  West  Indies, 


SOCIETY 

FOREIGN  STAFF 

Included  in 

H     1 

10 

a 
OS 

C 

> 

■8 

Is 

ii 

Columns  1-3 

Physi- 
cians 

c 

n 
0 
E 
0 

is 

0 

UNITED  STATES  (Continued) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

30 

BAPTIST,  SOUTHERN  CONVENTION 

104 
13 

7 
15 
38 

3 
II 

15 
3 

2 

12 

3 

28 

•85 

45 

10 
2 

4 

7 

165 
28 
10 
18 

24 

50 
3 

16 

5 

4 

8 
2 

I 

50 
4 

3 

7 

14 

I 
5 

1 

186 

31 

2 

33 

BRETHREN  CHURCH   (Progressive) 

Brethren  For.  Miss.  Soc 

BRETHREN  (Plymouth) 

35 

6 

' 

36 

CHRISTIAN  AND  MISS.  ALLIANCE 

37 

CHRISTIAN  CHURCH 

39 

CHURCH  OF  GOD 

Church  of  God  Miss.  Bd 

(0       4 

5 

3 

2 

4T 

CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES 

41a 

Wo.  Bd.  Miss.,  Boston 

41ft 



42 

3 

2 

10 

36 
3 

(«)    10 

2 

1 

3 

40 

9 

8 
3 

3 

10 

9 

(m)  11 

. 

43 

DISCIPLES  OF  CHRIST 

44 

Christian  Wo.  Bd.  Miss 

8 

3i 

(.m)  23 

38 

45 

EPISCOPAL,  PROTESTANT 

Protestant  Epis.  Dom.  and  For.  Miss.  Soc. . 
FRIENDS   (Orthodox) 

2 

121 

51 

65 

52 

55 

HOLINESS  CHURCH,  INTER- 
NATIONAL APOSTOLIC 

Holiness  Internat'l  Apostolic  Bd.  For.  Mi=s. 

LUTHERAN,  UNITED 
Luth.  Gen.  Coun.  Porto  Rico  and  Latin  Am. 

Lutheran  Gen.  Synod  Bd.  For.  Miss 

MENNONITE  and  MENN.,  AMISH 

Mennonite  Bd.  Miss,  and  Charities 

MENNONITE  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST 

Men.  Breth.  Pa.  Conf.  Bd.  For.  Miss,  (p) 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 

66 

21 

2 

2 
2 
48 

3 

67 

69 

71 

2 
28 

76 

1 

1 

16 
8 

382 

76a 

Methodist  Epis.  For.  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

Methodist  Epis.  Ho.  Bd.  Mis; 

38 

77 

5 
19 

I 

S 

1 

4 

78 

Methodist  Epis.  Ho.  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL,  AFRICAN 

Methodist  Epis.  African  Miss.  Dept 

METHODIST  EPIS.,  AFRICAN  ZION 

16 

79 

™ 

80 

81 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL,  SOUTH 

142 
8 
47 
2 

15 
2 
58 

30 

1 
18 

18 

I 

5 

42 
2 
21 

52 
4 
3 
2 

5 

82 

METHODIST,  FREE 

Methodist  Free  Gen.  Miss.  Bd 

89 

MORAVIAN  CHURCH 

91 

PENIEL  MISSIONS 

92 

PENTECOST  BANDS  OF  THE  WORLD 

93 

PENTECOSTAL  CHURCH 

Pentecostal  Ch.  Gen.  Miss.  Bd 

PRESBYTERIAN,  ASSO.  REFORMED 

Presbyterian  Asso.  Ref.  Bd.  For.  Miss.* 

PRESBYTERIAN  IN  THE  U.  S. 

Presby.  Exec.  Com.  For.  Miss.  (South) 

4 

1 
17 

2 
4 

4 

1 
20 

" 

94 

6 

97 

17 

x 

1 

no 

(*)  Data  for  1917.  (f)     Estimate.  (**)   No  data  available. 

(»)  $90,630  of  this  amount  was  contributed  by  the  Brazilian  churches. 

(J)  No  report  for  work  available. 

(k)  This  society  makes  use  of  schools  conducted  by  other  organizations. 

(/)  This  includes  two  ordained  women. 

(m)  Among  the  wives  and  unmarried  women  are  six  recorded  ministers. 

(»)  Includes  both  ordained  men  and  ordained  women. 

134 


(ft)  Incomplete. 


Mexico,  Central  America,  South  America  (Continued) 


NATIVE  STAFF 

CHURCH 

Total 

Enrolled  in 
Schools  of 
All  Grades 

MEDICAL 

11 

a 

c 

■a 

n 

•■  0 

o"3  ^ 

f-u  M 

a 

S 
3 
6 
£ 
0 
0 

73  § 

x  ft'E 

c  B 
.2-" 
0  0, 

0 

a 
0. 
S 

a 
.2  j 

10 

11 

12' 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

IK 

19 

20 

21 

30 

97 
23 

85 

1 

4 

20,717 
2.734 

120 

20,717 
2,734 

90 

2,198 
758 

(»)  101,280 
8.709 

175 

31 

33 

5 

„ 

35 

36 

20 

5 
21 

45 
2 
4 

22 

29 

4 

2,473 
364 

1,827 
*3I9 

646 

*45 

67 
ik) 

37 

39 

41 

1. 156 

1,156 

650 

t4,ooo 

41a 

416 

42 
43 

3 

2 
25 

44 
3 

2 

10 

1 
7 

50 

32 

10 

(0)   12 
6 

4 

"0 

27 

30 
3 

4 

1,046 

233 

4,142 

23,810 

3,786 
903 

890 

870 
706 

801 

233 
4,142 

8,226 

l,96i 

755 

890 

580 
238 

245 

15 

45 
1.518 

2,942 

952 
no 

1 

1 

19,041 

445 

332 

tt8.469 

44.750 

44 

2 

4 

45 
51 

15,584 

1.825 
148 

tti.208 

52 

480 

55 

66 

♦170 
431 

*I20 

37 

*I50 
154 

616 

67 

4.52S 

69 

71 

4 

82 

1.203 
23,009 

850 
10,060 

4.589 

353 
8.362 

32 

8,077 
3.406 

3.000 

76 

214 

86 

(q)     38 

9 

2 

*S6 
4 

181 
3 

3 

1 

76a 

77 

12 
14 

*82 
12 

58 

1 

5 
5 

*54 
9 

266 

5,413 

3,070 

2,343 

6.815 

78 

280 

790 

600 

3,226 

5.748 

79 

1,779 
480 

21,465 
438 

22,135 

1,779 

400 

17.805 

128 

6.397 

362 
3.987 

80 

2.931 

15.738 

80 
729 
310 

81 

1 

82 

89 

91 

92 

178 
146 

93 

6 

26 

7 

275 

193 

82 

94 

97 

23 

61 

14.341 

,  7,914 

4.490 

1.837 

1.834 

5 

2 

6,760 

26,203 

Probably  includes  three  or  four  Bible  women. 

Work  all  under  the  Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance. 

May  include  a  few  men  teachers. 

This  is  an  International  society,  with  its  main  headquarters  in  Herrnhut,  Germany.     The  report,  except 

for  income,  is  an  arbitrary  division  indicating  the  approximate  proportion  of  the  work  of  the  society 

which  might  be  said  to  be  supported  by  contributions  from  America. 

135 


Table  III.     Latin  America.     The  West  Indies, 


SOCIETY 

FOREIGN  STAFF 

Included  in 

1 

•d 

°  ?» 

Pt 

i! 

Columns  1-5 

O   CD 

11 

.a  3 

1    Physi- 
cians 

a 

a        I 

\i    1 

a 

I 

1 

2 

3 

4 

-I. 

7 

8 

9 

98 

PRESBYTERIAN  IN  THE  U.S.A.  (North) 

125 

13 

6 

21 
10 

I 

24 
29 
36 

5 

12 

7 
36 

2 

56 

4 

4 
36 

46 

6 

Si 
// 
3 

12 

5 
l 
17 

2 

2 

4 
3 
8 

5 

2 

98a 

Presbyterian  Wo.  Bd.  For.  Miss.  N.  Y. .  .  . 

Presby.  Wo.  Occidental  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Presbyterian  Wo.  For.  Miss.  Soc.  Phila .  .  . 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  For.  Miss.  Southwest 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  North  Pacific 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  Northwest 

2 

3 
5 

98c 

2 

3 

98d 

98/ 

2 

II 

2 

3 
3 
8 

12 
2 

3 

19 

5 
6 

99 

100 

1 

108 

SALVATION  ARMY 

M      i 

2 
2 

109 

SCANDINAVIAN  ALLIANCE 

113 

UNITED  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST 

116 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL 

48 

131 

W.  C.  T.  U.  World's 

132 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Internat'l  Com.  For.  Dept 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  Nat'l  Bd.  For.  Dept.* 

INDEPENDENT  (Except  Educational) 

30 

f26 

4 

I 

12 

133 

146 

14 

2 

10 

148 

1 

65 

154 

157 

Inland-So. -America  Miss.  Un.  Coun.  (/).... 

Pan-Lutheran  Latin  Am.  Miss.  Soc* 

Steam's  Church  and  Bible  Classes 

INDEPENDENT  (Educational) 
Makenzie  College  Trustees 

2 
2 

19 

2 

167 

i 

2 

IO 

I 

6 

173 

184 

! 

8 

41 

Table  IV.     Non-Christian  World.     Turkey 


1   Grand  Totals — Canada  and  U.  S 

9,571|    2,495 

1,1941    3,091)    2,791||  402|   190(  236|1   51.973 

CANADA 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

|  Totals — Canada 

7941        199 

761        255)       264||     43 1     251      11 1|      2,257 

2 
2a 

4 

5 

6 

7 

la 

8 

10 

12 
13 
15 

20 


BAPTIST 

Baptist,  Canadian  For.  Miss.  Bd 

CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND 

Ch.  of  England  Miss.  Soc 

Ch.  of  England  Wo.  Aux.  Miss.  Soc 

CONGREGATIONAL 

Congregational  Canadian  Wo.  Bd.  Miss... 

HOLINESS  MOVEMENT 

Holiness  Movement  Church 

MENNONITES 

Menn.  Breth.  Ont.  Conf.  Miss.  Soc* 

METHODIST 

Methodist  Church,  Miss.  Soc 

Methodist  Ch.  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

PRESBYTERIAN 

Presbyterian  Ch.  Canada  Bd.  For.  Miss. . . 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  Canada  For.  Dept 

INDEPENDENT 
Ceylon  and  India  Gen'l.  Miss.  Can.  Br.  (w) 

China  Inland  Miss.  N.  A.  Can.  Br.(w) 

Gwalior  Presbyterian  Miss.  Bd.  * 

Sudan  Interior  Miss.* 


723 
130 


52S 
120 


(*)     Data  for  1917.  (t)     Estimate. 

is)      A  commissioned  officer. 


(**)  No  data  available.  (ft)  Incomplete. 

Only  the  missionaries  sent  out  from  America. 


136 


Mexico,  Central  America,  South  America  (Continued) 


NATIVE  STAFF 

CHURCH 

1  E-Ww< 

MEDICAL 

Ji 

"•is 

d 

I 
o 

Hi 

1 
S 

0 
O 

•a  c 

111 

OCQU 

gB 
0  p. 

S3J 

'a 
0 

a 
S 

-I 

O  u 

HS- 

g 

J3  3 

c3°l 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

98 

98a 

29 

91 

103 

12.404 

11,222 

450 

732 

3.247 

. 

2 

1.978 

23.336 

986 

98c 

98d 

98e 

98/ 
99 

28 

52 

23 

4.132 

3.632 

500 

*I,I0O 

403 

100 

2 

4 

33.761 

108 

109 

113 

4 

I 

13 

42 

4 
5 

1.952 

1.452 

500 

2 

116 

131 

132 

133 

146 

148 

55 

10 

4. SOI 

3.913 

588 

1 

2 

1.500 

154 

157 

167 

125 

125 

150 

173 

184 

! 

in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Oceania 


I   3,2411    34,0401    14,692111,619,3201    925,756|    253,066[    410,498||    573.18611  317)   61U|     3,964,986||     1,341,107 


10 


12 


13 


14 


15 


17 


67 

1,529 

661 

78.878 

41,558 

24,858 

12,462 

24,3.3 

32| 

68 

512,888! 

24.965 

1 

2 

2a 

4 
11 

501 
75 

218 

44 
44 

13,031 
36,690 

11,031 
16,268 

19,968 

f2,000 

454 

9,500 
970 

6 

3 

10 

4 

58,811 
17,644 

2,920 
tti.877 

4 

5 

IS 

27 

6 

2,499 

1,400 

1,000 

99 

200 

1,500 

6 

7 

7a 

8 

391 

129 

12Q 
t264 

4.308 

(«)  1.522 

(»)  2,786 

7,774 
1,986 

5.829 

9 

11 

127,759 

(m)       2,808 

8 
10 

t29 

t53S 

20,876 

9.863 

3,890 

7,123 

13 

26 

279,102 

17,860 

12 

13 

15 

1 

16 

20 

1.474 

1.474 

90 

29,572 

(m)     China  only.     In  Japan  affiliated  with  the  Japanese  Methodist  Church. 
(w)    Only  missionaries  sent  out  from  Canada. 

137 


Table  IV.    Non-Christian  World.     Turkey 


SOCIETY 

FOREIGN  STAFF 

Included 

»» 

1 

'3 

£2 

> 

•d 

Physi- 
cians 

i 

2  o 

p 

a) 

I 
o 

1 

UNITED  STATES 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

'1 

9 

Totals— United  States I    8,7771    2,2961    I,118|    2,8361    2,527||  360|   1651   225||    49,716 


29 
30 
32 

34 
35 
36 
37 
39 
40a 

41 

41a 
416 
41c 

43 
44 

45 

4b 

47 

47,i 


ADVENT  CHRISTIAN 

Advent  Amer.  Miss.  Soc 

Advent.  Wo.  Ho.  and  For.  Mh.  Soc 

ADVENTIST,  SEVENTH-DAY 

Adventist  Seventh-Day  Denom.* 

BAPTIST  GENERAL 

Baptist  Gen.  For.  Miss.  Soc 

BAPTIST,  NATIONAL  CONVENTION 

Baptist  National  For.  Miss.  Bd 

BAPTIST,  NORTHERN  CONVENTION 

Baptist  Amer.  For.  Miss.  Soc 

Baptist  Amer.  For.  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

Baptist  Free  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

BAPTIST,  SCANDINAVIAN      . 

Baptist  Scandinavian  Denom 

BAPTIST,  SEVENTH  DAY 

Baptist,  Seventh  Day  Miss.  Soc 

BAPTIST,  SOUTHERN  CONVENTION 

Baptist  So.  For.  Miss.  Bd 

BRETHREN  CHURCH   (Conservative) 

Brethren  Gen.  Miss.  Bd 

BRETHREN  CHURCH  (Progressive) 

Brethren  For.  Miss.  Soc 

BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST 

Brethren  in  Christ  For.  Miss.  Bd.* 

'  BRETHREN  PLYMOUTH 

Brethren  Missionaries (z) 

CHRISTIAN  AND  MISS.  ALLIANCE 

Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance 

CHRISTIAN  CHURCH 

Christian  Church  For.  Miss.  Bd 

CHURCH  OF  GOD 

Church  of  God.  Miss.  Bd 

CHURCHES  OF  GOD,  GEN.  ELDERSHIP 

Churches  of  God,  Wo.  Gen.  Miss.  Soc 

CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES 

American  Bd.  Comm.  For.  Miss 

Wo.  Bd.  Miss.,  Boston 

Wo.  Bd.  Miss.,  Interior 

Wo.  Bd.  Miss.,  Pacific 

DISCIPLES  OF  CHRIST 

Christian  For.  Miss.  Soc 

Christian  Wo.  Bd.  Miss 

EPISCOPAL,  PROTESTANT 

Prot.  Epis.  Dom.  and  For.  Miss.  Soc 

EPISCOPAL,  REFORMED 

Reformed  Epis.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION 

Evangelical  Assn.  Miss.  Soc 

Evangelical  Assn  Wo.  Miss.  Soc 

EVANGELICAL,  UNITED 

Evangelical  Un.  Ho.  and  For.  Miss.  Soc.  .  . . 

EVANGELICAL  SYNOD 

Evangelical  For.  Miss.  Bd 

FRIENDS   (Hicksite) 

Friends'  Philadelphia  For.  Miss.  Assn 

FRIENDS   (Orthodox) 

Friends'  Amer.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Friends'  Ohio  For.  Miss.  Soc 

HEPHZIBAH  FAITH  MISSION.  ASSO. 

Hephzibah  Faith  Miss.  Asso 

HOLINESS  CHURCH,   INTER- 
NATIONAL APOSTOLIC 
Holiness  Internat'l  Apos.  Bd.  For.  Miss.  .  .  . 


(*)  Data  for  1917.  (t)     Estimate. 

(x)  Probably  includes  some  women, 

(y)  May  include  some  hospitals, 

(z)  No  report  for  work  available. 


*)   No  data  available. 


138 


(ft)  Incomplete. 


in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Oceania  (Continued) 


NATIVE  STAFF 

CHURCH 

MEDICAL 

a 

c 

•d 

3 

cE 

C   m 

ai 

J2 

■§.q 

o  fe 

■h  3 

QZ 

•a 

3g 

5s 

c 

0 

o 

°|5 

c 

3 

0 

| 

3~  a'C 

.2-- 
t>  a. 

~  a  r/;  < 

'5. 
O 

p. 
Q 

c 

Contribut 
for  Churc 
Work 

10 

11 

12 

j   ,3 

14 

15 

16 

- 

- 

19 

20 

21 

3,174|    32,5111     14,03l||l,54),44;|    884.19JI    228,2081    4>S,036[|    548.323H  285|   5421     3.452,098||     1,314,142 


21 

12 

40 
50 

(.*)  863 

2 

8 

1,200 

1,100 

tioo 
t75 

1,000 
ti.ooo 

10,223 

. 

1 
3 

y)3o 

t3,6oo 

ti50 
200 

19 

7,703 

60 

20,312 

186,388 

7,703 

60 

20,312 

186,388 

86,343 

24 

1,847 
285 

450 
87,469 

35,994 

25 

450 

4.575 

26 
** 

46 
26 

331,591 
73,042 

166,685 

256 

4 

5 
6 

525 
197 

Soo 
135 

25 
62 

300 
221 

100 

29 

4 

1 

I 

4,947 

375 

30 

57 
6 

364 
170 

138 
73 

T6 

49,646 

32 

2,435 

1,818 

323 

294 

2,503 

4 

7 

f20,000 

648 

33 

25 

1,650 

1,050 

1,575 

35 

394 

9,258 
1,530 

7,077 
1.244 

2,181 

6,154 

5,889 

12 

5 

84 

202 

1,218 

39 

9 
5.282 

5 

tL500 
286 

67 
83,048 

67 
83,048 

41 

292 

88,798 

34 
3 

2 

56 
4 
4 

t40o,ooo 
66,540 

383,203 

43 

367 

374 

257 

557 

40 

15,579 
633 

34.no 

15,579 
633 

8,248 
1,301 

11,817 

10 

4 

8 

23 
8 

170,255 
53,258 

4,686 

tt3,28l 

45 

124 

324 

11.859 

20,420 

1,831 

10 

191,189 

54,264 

17 
34 

62 

62 

x 

47 

25 

21 

1,797 

1.437 

360 

908 
700 

654 

1 

1 

(6) 

2,952 

48 

5i 

16 

1,527 

609 

918 

1 

2 

11,739 

3,413 

49 

50 

277 

51 

3,531 
934 

5,96o 

707 

624 
721 

2,021 
763 

I.36I 

149 

4,570 
118 

2 

3 

20,836 

5 

311 

51 
53 

•  113 
33 

24 
7 

135 
503 

249 
323 

5,825 
204 

60 

1. 540 
545 

1 

4 

4 

2,693 
33,921 

20 

315 

326 

55 

5 

6 

398 

119 

a)  Educational  work  done  through  other  agencies. 

6)  Hospital  temporarily  closed. 

c)  Among  the  wives  and  unmarried  women  are  two  recorded  ministers. 

d)  Not  including  one  woman  working  under  the  China  Inland  Mission. 
)  Includes  five  ordained  women. 

139 


Table  IV.    Non-Christian  World.     Turkey 


SOCIETY 

FOREIGN  STAFF 

I 

Included  in 

o 

T3 

•d 
0  5 

£ 

I, 

Columns  1-5 

Physi- 
cians 

a 

0  0 

ii 

a 

0 

£ 

1   UNITED  STATES  (Continued) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

LUTHERAN  BRETHREN 

16 
6 

26 

3 
138 

23 

30 
4§ 
64 
IQ 
13 

19 

10 

II 

20 
28 

1,254 
514 

41 

25 

243 
8o 

7 
II 

21 

12 

50 
6 

20 

38 
9 

6 
3 

ii 

2 

47 

12 

9 

18 

25 

5 
6 
3 

8 
4 

5 

289 

9 

4 
1 
2 

1 

4 

86 

5 
3 

10 

I 

41 

10 

13 
16 

20 

5 
3 

4 

7 

9 

328 

4 

56 

LUTHERAN,  DANISH  UNITED 

58 

LUTHERAN  FREE  CHURCH 

5 

1 

59 

LUTHERAN  JOINT  SYN.  OF  OHIO 

Luth.  Ohio  and  Other  States  Joint  Syn.  Bd. 

41 

LUTHERAN,  NORWEGIAN 

Lutheran  Norwegian  Bd.  For.  Miss 

LUTHERAN  SYN.  CONFERENCE 

Lutheran  Missouri  Syn.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

LUTHERAN,  UNITED 

Luth.  Augustana  Syn.  China  Miss.  Soc 

Lutheran  Gen.  Coun.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Lutheran  Gen.  Syn.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Luth.  Gen.  Syn.  Wo.  Ho.  For.  Miss 

Luth.  So.  United  Syn.  Bd.  For.  Miss 

MENNONITE  and  MENN.  AMISH 

4i 

4 
13 

18 
18 
3 

A 

A 

1 

2 

6 

IC 

55i 

514 

91 

2S 

3 

e 
i 

7 

61 

81 

63 

2 

64 

65 
67 

3 
3 

566 

987 

120 

68 

1 

1 

69 

MENNONITE  BRETHREN 

Mennonite  Breth.  Ch.  of  N.  A.,  For.  Miss. . 
MENNONITE  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST 
Menu.  Brelh.  Pa.  Conf.  Bd.  For.  Miss.(h) .... 
MENNONITE  CONF.  OF  DEFENCELESS 

70 

71 

73 

MENNONITE    GEN.     CONFERENCE 

Mennonite  Gen.  Conf.  Bd.  For.  Miss ...... 

MENNONITE      (Krimmer      Bruederge- 
meinde) 

85 

74 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 

38 

41 
33 

47 
10 

76a 

Methodist  Epis.  For.  Wo.  Miss.  Bd 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL,  AFRICAN 

Methodist  Epis.  African  Miss.  Dept 

METHODIST  EPIS.  AFRICAN  ZION 

79 

34 

60 
19 

2 
2 

6 

4 

19 
1 
9 

12 
2 

6 

20 

2 
2 
6 

1 

4 
6 

72 
25 

2 
2 

7 

3 

24 
2 
6 

10 
2 

85 

80 

4 
12 
2 

81 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  SOUTH 

2 

82 

METHODIST,   FREE 

84 

METHODIST  PROTESTANT 

87 

85 

Methodist  Prot.  Wo.  For.  Miss.  Bd 

METHODIST  WESLEYAN 

Methodist  Wesleyan  Am.  Miss.  Soc 

METROPOLITAN  CHURCH  ASSO. 

87 
88 

1 

20 

89 

MORAVIAN  CHURCH 

l6l 

91 

PENIEL  MISSIONS 

92 

PENTECOST  BANDS  OF  THE  WORLD 

36 

93 

PENTECOSTAL  CHURCH 

94 
96 

PRESBYTERIAN,  ASSO.  REFORMED 

Presbyterian  Associate  Ref.  Bd.  For.  Miss.* 
PRESBYTERIAN,  CUMBERLAND 

» 

20 

97 

PRESBYTERIAN  IN  THE  U.  S.  (South) 
Pres.  (South)  Exec.  Com.  For.  Miss 

323 

96 

37 

116 

74 

23 

3 

„ 

2,724 

(*)  Data  for  1917.  (t)     Estimate. 

(/)  Includes  some  women.  (g) 

(h)  Work  all  under  other  boards. 

(i)  Probably  includes  some  men  teachers. 


(**)  No  data  available. 
India  only. 


140 


(ft)  Incomplete. 


in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Oceania  (Continued) 


NATIVE  STAFF 

CHURCH 

MEDICAL 

>> 

II 

■a 

a 

•d 
°  S 

1 
O 

£          1 

to*0 

213 

o"o  .4. 
HO? 

'c 
3 

E 
| 
0 

•d  £ 
omo 

0  0. 

Total 

Enrolled  in 
Schools  of 
All  Grades 

"3. 

0 

a 
0, 

Q 

a 

Contributions 
for  Church 
Work 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

!  - 

18 

19  | 

20 

1     - 

56 
58 
59 

2 

687 

159 

1,228 

425 

25c 
24 
18. 

!              SCO 
35 
294 

4 
5 

3 

15 

1,800 

(/)       9 

1,044 

1 

1 

21,075 

1. 114 

60 
61 

2 

3 
38 

j 

9 

;             82 

12,821 

6,044 

3,756 

3,02 

4,046 

3 

4 

17,387              4.241 

63 

64 
65 
67 

8 

3.409 

570 
27.647 
61,503 

240 

293 
14,268 
19,209 

1,468 

37 
10,779 
35.786 

1,70 

24 
(g)    2,60 

6,50 

[|         2,675 

3             374 
3          11,642 

3        15,683 

!      1,655 

j 

3 

4 

2 

51 

82 

5               4 

5             47 

o          163 

120 

2  9 

3  41 
3              42 

1 

2 
2 

1 
3 
3 
4 

20,52 
25,84 
13.48 
12,31 

j\                203 
I              2,741 
/            n,659 

68 

899 
581 

7,200 
2,284 

no 

649 
S81 

tSO 

f20 

6 

2 

8 

3                      318 

70 

2 

5,00 

20 

5 

0             345 
0               70 
0             400 

2,084 
60 

73 

i 

0 

2 

25 

0              tioo 

74 
75 

S             4° 
0              21 

425 
427 

425 
127 

4 

15.00 

* 

j 

3 

30 

0             522 

I 

*             fioo 

76 

799 

7.15 

7        5.275 
.  (i)  5.275 

500,741 

144,922 

118,339 

237.48 

0       89,694 

34 

42 

tt262,56 

0         224,120 

79 

20,121 

821 

5,073 

0             14 
7            264 

7.914 
31,836 

7.50C 
17.463 

4 
11,85 

4          1,892 
6         9,791 

tI0>000 

81 

88 

r 

2,547 

6 

7 

66,9. 

2                27,862 

82 

6 

8              81 

8,792 

3,192 

5, 6c 

)0         1,638 

3 

4.5 

0             2,858 

84 
85 

18 

8              11 

6                  2C 

2,225 

526 

I.77C 
t32( 



tic 

4 
ti 

'9          1,052 
56          fn8 

2,228 

0)  1 

(./) 

0)        7,9 

78                        288 

87 
88 

2                     ] 

89 
91 

56             9< 

8,08. 

2,88, 

1          5,19? 

5,05- 

L 

13             i< 
56             3 
12               ( 

>            81 
5            60 
)         1.83 

j              16 
i            43 
5            40 

5             6 

18             25 
70             38 
36             10 

93 
94 

5              6,5 
2           il,5 

! 

3             1,20 

3                  2 

3 

96                        550 

97 

4 

)          2,2 

49          42 

5       69,89 

3       33,42 

3         3,52 

2          32,9 

S3        23,43 

3         I 

3       3 

3         366,7 

941                28,351 

China  only. 

This  is  an  International  society,  with  its  main  headquarters  in  Herrnhut,  Germany.     The  report,  exce.pt 

for  income,  is  an  arbitrary  division  indicating  the  approximate  proportion  of  the  work  of  the  society 

which  might  be  said  to  be  supported  by  contributions  from  America. 

141 


Table  IV.    Non-Christian  World.    Turkey 


(*) 

(/) 
(«) 

(n) 

(n; 


SOCIETY 

FOREIGN  STAFF 

Included  in 

o 

1 

Is 

6s 

C 
'ca 

•d 

°  s 
5s 

Columns  1-5 

1 

h  £ 

l! 

Physi- 
cians 

a 

c        B 

V          0 

IS        £ 

1 

0  c 

0 

UNITED  STATES  (Continued) 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

98 

PRESBYTERIAN  IN  THE  U.  S.  A.  (North) 

1,235 
175 

74 
263 

66 

20 

155 
50 

4 

240 
89 

6 

138 
77 
35 
88 

27 
59 

4 

7 
3 

30 
8 
4 
3 
290 
12 
67 

6 
7 
9 
2 

187 

335 

160 

437 
102 

41 
149 

41 
7 

97 

16 

2 
7i 

303 

73 
29 
100 
25 
12 
52 

16 

89 
89 

2 
46 
18 
(»)      5 
25 
(0)       1 
7 
17 

3 

3 

92 

1 

2 

23 
8 
1 

11 
3 

48 

6,613 

98a 

Pres.  Wo.  Bd.  For.  Miss.  N.  Y 

Presby.  Wo.  Occidental  Bd.  For.  Miss 

Pres.  Wo.  For.  Miss.  Soc.  Phila 

98& 

2 
12 

2 

2 

98c 

98a1 

Pres.  Wo.  Bd.  For.  Miss.  S.  West 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  North  Pacific 

Presby.  Wo.  Bd.  Miss.  Northwest 

PRESBYTERIAN,  REFORMED 

Presby.  Ref.  (Covenanter)  Bd.  For.  Miss.  .  . 

PRESBYTERIAN,    REFORMED 

GENERAL  SYNOD 

Pres.  Ref.  Gen.  Syn.  Bd.  For.  Miss,  (m) . . .  . 

PRESBYTERIAN,   UNITED 

98e 

1 
4 

12 

2 
61 

2 
6 

19 

98/ 

101 
102 

«  5 

1 
8 

8 

3 

3 

1 

49 

103 

4 
3 

6 

4 
2 

103a 

Presby.   United  Wo.  Gen.  Miss.  Soc 

PRESBYTERIAN,  WELSH  CAL- 
VINISTIC  METHODIST 

Calvinistic  Methodist  Miss.  Soc 

REFORMED  IN  AMERICA 

Reformed  (Dutch)  Bd.  For.  Miss 

76 

104 
106 

36 

20 
16 

1 
14 
10 

32 

2 
42 
29 
ti4 
3i 

IS 
776 
178 

107 

REFORMED  IN  THE  U.  S. 

108 

SALVATION  ARMY 

Salvation  Army 

109 

SCANDINAVIAN  ALLIANCE 

Scandinavian  Alliance  Miss 

110 

SCHWENKFELDER 

Schwenkfelder  Ho.  and  For.  Miss.  Soc 

SWEDISH  MISSION  COVENANT 
Swedish  Evangelical  Miss.  Covenant 

UNITED  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST 

112 
113 

10 

19 

2 
2 

5 

10 
18 

2 

, 

2 

103 

157 

6 

114 

UNITED  BRETHREN  (Old  Constitution) 

U.  Brethren  Dom.  Fro.  and  For.  Miss 

UNIVERSALIST 
Universalist  Gen.  Convention 

115 

8 

115a 

Universalist  Wo.  Nat'l  Miss.  Assn 

13 
2 
2 

3 

14 
3 
2 

116 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL  (Excepting 
Educational) 

Lutheran  Inter-Syn.  Orient  Miss.  Soc. (p)  . . . 
Sunday  School  Assn.  World's  (?) 

285 

126 

2 

130 

131 

W.  C.  T.  U.  World's 

3 

132 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Internat'l  Com.  For.  Dept .... 
Princeton  Missio7i* 

160 
9 

ti30 
3 

4 

132a 

133 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  Nat'l  Bd.  For.  Dept.* 

INTERDENOMINATIONAL       (Educa- 
tional) 

67 

134 

, 

2 

3 

135 

Madras  Women's  Christian  College(r) 

7 
4 

54 

136 

3 

2 

4 
3 

2 
3 

2 

139 

Union  Miss.  Med.  Col.  for  Women  (r) 

INDEPENDENT  (Excepting  Educational) 

141 

21 

55 

57 

145 

Bible  Faith  Mission 

80 

147 

2 

28 
71 
1 
5 
4 
13. 

5 
26 

I 

4 

9 

1 
5 
18 

149 

Ceylon  and  India  Gen.  Miss.  Araer.  Coun.  . 

China  Inland  Miss.  Coun.  for  N.  A.fs) 

Churches  of  God  Wo.  Miss.  Soc.(f) 

9 

27 

150 

3 

152 

153 

2 

1 
2 
4 

3 
5 

154 

Gospel  Miss.  Society* 

1 

156     | 

Holiness  Nat'l  Assn.  Bur.  Miss* 

41 

Data  for  1917.  (t)     Estimate.  (**)   No 

One  of  these  a  physician  of  the  Canton  Medical  Union. 
This  report  incomplete,  as  details  are  not  in  the  hands  t 
These  women  are  commissioned  officers. 
An  associate  missionary  of  the  American  Board. 
Work  in  abeyance  on  account  of  war. 

142 


data  available. 

if  the  new  secretary. 


(ft)  Incomplete. 


in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Oceania  (Continued) 


NATIVE  STAFF 

CHURCH 

MEDICAL 

O  0) 

£  s 

.S3  3 

QZ 

c 

o  g 

c 

1 

01 0 

~e«; 

1    HO~ 

'2 

3 

1 

■a  g 

cE 
.2-2 
0  p. 

^£« 

'ft 
O 

X 

a 

p, 

5 

c 
£ 

11 

a 

■£* 

XI  3 
111 

10 

ii 

12 

■  3 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

98 
98a 

376 

4.265 

1,972 

260,566 

159,674 

8,589 

92,303 

74.028 

75 

97 

702,736 

105,185 

986 

1 

7 

98c 

98rf 

98e 

98/ 
101 

34 

15 

601 

601 

528 

2 

6 

14 
7 

25 
6 

24,866 

5,349 

102,788 

33,475 

3,882 
128,660 
13,632 

508 

102 

103 

122 

1. 178 

300 

76 

8 
311 
39 

46,627 

46,627 

30,565 
3,890 

167 
14.985 
1,560 

8 

3 

1 
12 

4 

61,825 

103a 

104 
106 
107 
108 

45 

20 

t7 
420 
119 

36 
23,208 
8,596 

30 

7,H4 
3,224 

6 

10,094 
3,372 

6,000 
2,000 

78 
35,367 
5,454 

109 

110 

112 
113 
114 

28 

S 

82 

3,855 

370 

963 

1 

2 

5,818 

2,603 

115 

115a 

116 

5 

273 

7 

126 

130 

1 

2 

131 

132 

132a 

133 

134 

135 

8 

1 

80 
766 
20 

2,527 
1,000 

42 

136 

1 

1 
27 

139 

1 

1 

37,158 
"27,606 

141 

770 

2,800 

38 

245 
2,800 

24 

525 

145 

3 

72 

5 

147 

14 

149 

150 

152 

4 
5 

5 
5 

II 

200 

200 

«         80 
61 

153 

154 

156 

19 

22 

300 

300 

64 

1 



In  addition  this  society  has  special  workers  giving  part  time  in  several  countries.     These  part-time  workers 

are  missionaries  reported  by  other  boards. 
The  staff  reported  are  those  not  under  appointment  as  missionaries  of  the  constituent  societies. 
Only  missionaries  sent  out  from  the  United  States. 
Not  to  be  confused  with  the  "Women's  General  Missionary  Society  of  the  General  Eldership  of  the  Churches 

of  God." 

143 


Table  IV.     Non-Christian  World.     Turkey 


SOCIETY 

FOREIGN  STAFF 

Included 

*'w 

o 
H 

*2 
6s 

5s 

> 

'Eg 

Columns  i-s    j|- 

Physi- 
cians 

1 

o  o 

II 

QZ 

a 
1 

(3 

1 
1 

o 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

'J 

9 

Independent  (Excepting  Educational) 
(Continued) 

2 

5 
3 

2 

3 
3 

6 
3i 

37 
16 
50 
48 
31 

i 

T 

i 

2 

i 
3 

2 

2 

9 

Nyasaland  Miss.  American  Coun.  (s) 

Penn.  Chr.  Assn.  Univ.  For.  Dept.  (v) 

i 

I 

I 
2 

I 

4 

2 

I 

31 
S 

12 

4 
6 
3 

2 

14 

6 

2 

180 

INDEPENDENT  (Educational) 

Canton  Christian  College  Trustees* 

Constantinople  Girls'  College  Trustees 

I 

18 

2 

43 
IS 
13 

13 
2 

19 
12 

S9 

3 
8 
3 

I 

23 
31 

40 
16 

187 

Yale  For.  Miss.  Soc 

4 

(*)     Data  for  1017.  t  Estimate. 

is)     Only  missionaries  sent  out  from  United  States. 

(w)     Work  suspended  on  account  of  the  war. 


in  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  Oceania  (Continued) 


NATIVE  STAFF 

CHURCH 

ill 

0  cfs 

MEDICAL 

.S3  3 

QZ 

■a 
.1 

V  5 
OS 

73 
_C 

'3 

T3 

°  s 

5s 

1 
1 

o"o  4 
HO? 

a 

'5 
3 
g 
B 
0 

T3  c 

OPQCJ 

'3. 
0 
W 

a 
0. 

5 

c 

a 

■2j3 

3  " 

J3  3 

o°£ 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

159 

I 

2 

4 

162 

4 

4 

1 

1 

8.953 

166 

168 

172 

2 

2 

24 

24 

18 

1 

173 

174 

178 

10 

9 

Si 
9 
27 
39 
IS 

4 
182 

8 

16 

217 

SO 

100 

67 

386 

(w)  2,261 

890 
350 
479 
747 
267 

3 

2 

6 

I 

7,112 
90,460 

7.160 

n8 

t5oo 

180 

181 

185 

186 

1 

1 

3 

1 

7,817 
32,362 

187 

(v)     This  society  also  supports  three  missionaries  under  other  boards. 

(w)    Includes  about  700  Zenana  pupils. 

(x)     Report  for  191?.     Later  information  delayed  by  the  war  conditions. 


145 


INDEX 


INDEX 


Abyssinia,    British    and    Foreign    Bible    Society,    43 

Abyssinia,    Religious    Movement,    43 

Advent    Christian    Denomination     (21).    93 

Adventist,    Seventh-Day    Denomination     (22),    93 

Afghanistan,     Encouragement,     57 

Airica,    Broadened    Outlook,    48 

Africa,    Effect   of   World   War,    43 

Africa,    Famine,     48 

Africa,    German    Missions,    47 

Africa     Inland    Mission    (141),    114 

Africa,    Liquor    Problem,    43,    48 

Africa,    Native    Christians,    47 

Africa,   Railroads,    43 

Africa,    Part   in    World    War,    47 

Africa,    Problems   and    Peace,    48 

Africa,   Training   for  Civilization,  48 

Africa,   Unoccupied    Fields,    58 

African   Methodist    Church    (79),     104 

Aintab   College    Uie),   97 

Algeria,    Christian    Literature.   46 

Algeria,    Friendly     Officials,     46 

Algeria,   Unhindered    Work,    46 

Algiers   Mission    Band    (142),    114 

Alliance    Mission      (30),     96 

American   Advent  Mission   Society    (21),   93 

American   and     Foreign     Christian     Union     (i43)> 

American  Auxiliary  of  the  Primitive.  Methodist 
Foreign    Missionary    Society    (83),    105 

American  Baptist  -Foreign  Mission  Society  (25), 
94 

American   Baptist   Home    Mission    Society    (26),    94 

American    Bible    Society    (116),    11 1 

American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions     (41).    97 

American    College,     Constantinople     (181),     118 

American   College,    Madura    (4 id),    97 

American  Committee  for  the  Lebanon  Hospital 
(163),    116 

American  Committee  of  the  Nyasaland  Mission 
of  Central  Africa  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
Church   of   South   Africa    (166),    116 

American   Committee  of  the   Santal   Mission    (170), 

of    the    Women's     Christian 
Medical    College,   Ludhiana,   Punjab,  India  (140), 
114 
American   Council    of    the     Sudan    United     Mission 

(174),     117 

American    Friends'     Board     of     Foreign     Missions 
,    (SO,   99 

American    Home    Base,   9 
American   Home     Council     of     the     South     Africa 

General    Mission    (171),    117 
American    Hospital    at    Konia,    Asia    Minor    (162), 

116 
American   McAll    Association    (164),    116 
American    Missionary     Association     (42),    97 
American    Ramabai    Association    (169),    117 
American   Tract     Society     (117),     in 
American   Waldensian  Aid   Society    (177),    117 
Amish    Mennonite  Church    (69),    102 
Anglo-Egvptian    Sudan,    Mission    Schools,    44 
Arabia,    Effect   of  War,    2; 


Arabia,    Hedjaz    Accessible   to    Christians,    26 

Arabia,    Methods    of    Work,    25 

Arabia,    Missionary    Occupation,    25 

Argentina,    Educational   Conference,    18 

Argentina,    Effect    of    War,    19 

Argentina,    Philosophic    Unrest,    19 

Argentina,   Work    Under-manned,     19 

Arthur   T.      Pierson      Memorial      Bible      School     of 

Seoul,     Korea     (138),     114 
Associate    Presbyterian    Church    (95),    107 
Associate    Reformed      Presbyterian      Church      (94), 

107 
Augustana   Lutheran    Synod    (64),    101 
Australasian    Societies,     119 

Australian    Board   of   Baptist   Foreign    Mission,    119 
Australian    Board   of    Missions,    119 


Baptist    Church,    Canada    (1),    90 

Baptist,    General,    Church    (23),    93 

Baptist   Missionary     Society,     119 

Baptist   National    Convention    (24),    93 

Baptist   Northern    Convention     (25),     94 

Baptist   Scandinavian   Church    (28).   94 

Baptist    Seventh   Day   Church    (29),   95 

Baptist    Southern   Convention    (30),   95 

Basel    Evangelical    Missionary    Society,    121 

Beirut   College    (186),    118 

Belgian   Congo,    Cooperation   and   Unity,    51 

Belgian   Congo,     Liquor    Legislation,     51 

Belgian   Congo,    Native   Church,    5 1 

Berlin    Missionary    Society,    120 

Bible   Faith    Mission    (145),    114 

Bible    Society     (116),     11 1 

Board  of  Directors  of  the  Iconium  College 
(183),    118 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Joint  Synod  of  Ohio  and  Other  States  (60), 
100 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Associate  Re- 
formed  Presbyterian  Church    (94),    107 

Board  of  *  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Synod  of  Missouri,  Ohio  and  Other 
States    (63).    10 1 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  General  Con- 
ference of  the  Mennonites  of  North  America 
(74).    103 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  General  Coun- 
cil of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in 
North    America     (65),     101 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  General  Synod 
of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  the 
United    States   of   America    (67),    102 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  International 
Apostolic    Holiness    Church     (55)      100 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal   Church    (76),    103 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Methodist 
Protestant    Church    (84),    105 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Norwegian  Lu- 
theran  Church   of   America    (61),    100 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Conference  of  the  Mennonite  Brethren  in 
Christ     (71),     103 


149 


Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  (98), 
107 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed 
Church    in    America    (106),    109 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in   the   United   States    (107),    109 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed 
Episcopal    Church    (46),    98 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  North  America  (General 
Synod)    (102),    108 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Synod  of  the 
Reformed  Presbyterian  Church  in  North  Amer- 
ica   (Covenanter)     (101),    108 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Union  Amer- 
ican Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada   (86),    105 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  United  Pres- 
byterian   Church   of   North   America    (103),    108 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  United  Synod 
of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  the 
South    (68),    102 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Yearly  Meet- 
ing  of    Friends   of   New    England,    100 

Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  Presbyterian  Church 
in    Canada    (8),    91 

Board  of  Heathen  Missions  of  the  Christian  Re- 
formed   Church    (105),    109 

Board  of  Home  Missions  and  Church  Extension 
of    the    Methodist    Episcopal    Church    (77),    104 

Board  of  Home  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  (99), 
108 

Board  of  Management  of  the  Gwalior  Presby- 
terian   Mission    (15),    92 

Board   of   Missionary   Preparation,    1 1 

Board  of  Missions  for  Porto  Rico  and  Latin 
America  of  the  General  Council  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  in  North  America 
(66),    102 

Board  of  Missions  of  the  Church  of  the  Lutheran 
Brethren    (56),    100 

Board  of  Missions  of  the  Friends'  Church  of 
California    (52),    99 

Board  of  Missions  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
the   Presbyterian  Church  of  Australia,   119 

Board  of  Missions  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,     South     (81),     104 

Board  of  Trustees  of  St.  Paul's  Institute  (41I1), 
97 

Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Gould  Memorial  Home 
and   Industrial   Schools,   Rome,   Italy   (182),    118 

Boat   Mission    of    China     (172),     117 

Bolivia,   Education.    19 

Bolivia,    Rapidly    Developing,     19 

Bolivian   Indian    Mission    (146),     114     . 

Books,   Missionary,    61 

Brazil,   Bible    Society,    20 

Brazil,   Christian     Endeavor    Societies,     20 

Brazil,    Education,    20 

Brazil,    Self-Support,   20 

Brazil,    Sympathetic    Leaders,    20 

Brethren   Church    (Conservative)     (32),    95 

Brethren   Church    (Progressive)     (33),    95 

Brethren   in    Christ    (Tunkers)     (34),    95 

Brethren   Missionaries    (35),    96 

Brethren    (Plymouth)    (35),   96 

British,   Advisory    Board   on    Medical    Missions,    13 

British  and    Foreign    Bible    Society,    120 

British   and    Irish    Societies,    119 

British,   Board  for  Preparation   of  Missionaries,    13 

British   Central  Africa,   War  Items,    53 

British,   Committee    on    Home    Base.     13 

British   Conference    of    Missionary    Societies,    12 

British   Conference,   Transfer   of   Headquarters,    13 

British   East  Africa,   Cooperation  and   Union,    53 

British   Home    Base,    12 

British    Members'   Emergency   Committee,    12 

British    Societies,    Financial    Prosperity,    12 


British    Sundry   Committees,    13 

Broad   Cast     Tract     Press    and    Faith     Orphanage 

(147),    114 
Bureau   of    Missions    of    the    National    Association 

for  the   Promotion   of  Holfness   (156),    115 
Bureau   of    Statistics    and     Research,     1 1 
Burning   Bush    Mission    (88),    106 


Cairo   University    (134),    113 

California   Friends    (52).    99 

Calls   for    Missionaries,    84 

Calvinistic    Methodist   Church    (104),    109 

Canada  Congregational  Women's  Board  of  Mis- 
sions  (4),  91 

Canada,    Increased   Income,  9 

Canadian   Baptist    Foreign    Mission    Board    (1),    90 

Canadian  Committee  of  the  Nyasaland  Mission  of 
the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  South  Africa 
(18),    92 

Canadian  Committee  of  the  San  Pedro  Mission 
to   the   Indians   of   South   America    (19),   92 

Canadian  Congregational  Foreign  Missionary  So- 
ciety   (3)     90 

Canadian   McAll   Association    (17),   92 

Canton   Christian    College    (180),    118 

Cape  Province,   Liquor    Legislation,    52 

Cape  Town,  Young  Women's  Christian  Associa- 
tion,  52 

Central   America,    Cooperation,    20 

Central   American    Mission    (148),    115 

Central   Conference    Mennonites    (73),    103 

Central  Turkey    College    (4ie),    97 

Ceylon  and  India  General  Mission,  American 
Council    (149),    115 

Ceylon  and  India  General  Mission,  Canadian 
Council    (12),    92 

Charts,    71 

Chile,  Book   Depositories,   21 

Chile,   Education,    21 

Chile,   Self-Support,    21 

China.   Ancient    Culture    Crumbling,    30 

China,   Christian    Literature    Council,    28 

China,    Church   and    Illiteracy,    29 

China,   Church    Union,    29 

China,    Continuation    Committee,    28 

China,   Democracy,    30 

China,   Eddy-Buchman    Campaign,    29 

China,   Education,    28 

China,    First    Chinese    Bishop,    30 

China,    Floods,   27 

China,    Influence    of    Railways.    27 

China  Inland  Mission,  Council  for  North  Amer- 
ica  (Philadelphia)    (150),   115 

China  Inland  Mission,  Council  for  North  Amer- 
ica   (Toronto)    (13),   92 

China,    Language    Schools,    28 

China,    Loans,     27 

China   Mennonite    Mission    Society    (75),    103 

China     Methodist     Publishing     House     (127),     112 

China  Missionary  Society  of  the  Augustana 
Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  of 
North    America    (64),    101 

China,   Missions  and  World  War,   27 

China,    Mongolia,    57 

China,    Peace    and,    30 

China,    Opium    Trade.    26 

China,    Phonetic    Writing,    29 

China,   Pneumonic   Plague,   27 

China,   Political    Situation,   26 

China,   President,    27 

China,    Signs   of    Peace,    27 

China,   Tibet,    57 

China,   Trade,    27 

China,   Union    Headquarters   in    Shanghai,    28 

China,   Union    Institutions,    28 

China,   War    Prices,    28 

China,  World    War,    27 


ISO 


China,   Dr.   Zwemer's  Visit,   28 
Christian   and    Missionary    Alliance     (36),    96 
Christian   Association    of   the    University   of    Penn- 
sylvania    (Foreign    Department)     (168),     116 
Christian   Church    (37),   96 
Christian   Church    (Disciples)    (43),    98 
Christian    Endeavor    Union    (118),    111 
Christian    Herald    Missionary    Fund    (151),    115 
Christian   Missions  in   Many   Lands,    119 
Christian   Reformed    Church     (105),     109 
Christian    Woman's   Board   of   Missions    (44).   98 
Church   Mission    of    Sweden,    121 
Church  Missionary    Society     for    Africa    and    the 

East,    119 
Church   of-  England,    Canada    (2),    90 
Church   of     England     Zenana     Missionary     Society, 

119 
Church   of    God    Foreign    Missionary    Board     (38), 

96 
Church   of    God,     Independent     Women's    Mission- 
ary   Societv    (152),    115 
Church   of    Scotland    Foreign    Mission    Committee, 

120 
Churches  of   God,   General   Eldership   (40),   96 
Colombia,   Opposition,    21 
Colombia,    Presbyterian    Field,    22 
Committee  of   Reference  and  Counsel,    11 
Committee   on  Cooperation  in   Latin  America(i23), 

hi,     n 
Congo   Inland   Mission    (73), '103 
Congregational   Churches    (41),    97 
Congregational   Churches,    Canada    (3),    90 
^Constantinople   Girls'    College    (181),    118 
Continental   Home   Base,    13 

Continuation   Committee     of     the     World     Mission- 
ary   Conference,    Edinburgh    (119).    m 
Cooperation   and   Union   of   Boards,    9 
Coordinated   Eftort,    58 
Council   in    Canada    for    the    Inland-South-America 

Missionary    Union    (16).    92 
Council   in  the   United   States  of  the  Inland-South- 
America   Missionary   Union    (157),    116 
Cuba,    Adjustment    of    Territory,    22 
Cuba,    Interdenominational     Secretary,     22 
Cuba,    Union    Book    Depository    of    Havana,    22 
Cumberland   Presbyterian    Church    (96),    107 


Dutch   Reformed  Church   of   South  Africa,   United 

States    (166),    116 
Dutch   Societies,    121 


East  Africa,   New   Enterprises,   53 

Eastern   Canada,    Women's,    Presbyterian    (8a),    91 

Edinburgh   Continuation    Committee    (119),    m 

Educational      Societies,    Independent,    118 

Educational    Societies,    Interdenominational,    1 13 

Egypt,   Contribution   of    Sunday    Schools,    45 

Egypt,    Educational    Missions,    45 

Egypt,   Effect   of   World   War,   44 

Egypt,    Missionary    Conference,    45 

Egypt,  A    Moslem   Apostle,   45 

Egypt,   Moslems  and  the  Bible,  45 

Egypt,   Nile  Mission   Press,   45 

Egypt,   Opportunity   of   Christianity,    44 

Egypt,    Press,    44 

Egypt,    Spiritual    Revival   Among   Copts,    44 

Egypt,    Students,    44 

Egyptian   Sudan,     Mohammedanism,    50 

Emergency   Committee,    11,    12 

Episcopal   Church     (45),     98 

Episcopal   Church,    Reformed    (46),   98 

Euphrates  College    (4if),    97 

Europe,    17 

European    Mission     Statistics,     132 

Evangel   Mission    (153),    "5 

Evangelical   Association    (47),    98 

Evangelical  Lutheran    Synod    of    Iowa    and    Other 

States    (62),    101 
Evangelical   Missionary    Society    for    German    East 

Africa,    120 
Evangelical    National    Society    in    Sweden,     121 
Evangelical   Synod    (49),   99 
Evangelical   Union    of    South    America,    120 
Evangelical   Union      of      South     America,      North 

American    Branch    (14),    92 
Evangelical,    United    Church    (48),    99 
Executive   Committee    of   Foreign    Missions  of   the 

Presbyterian     Church     in     the     United     States 

(South)     (97),    107 


Danish   Church    Mission   in   Arabia,    120 

Danish   Evangelical    Lutheran    Church    in    America 

(57),    100 
Danish    Mission  to   the   Orient,    120 
Danish   Missionary    Society,     120 
Danish    Societies,     120 

Defenseless   Mennonite    Church    (73),    103 
Diagrams,    73 
Directors   of    the    Methodist    Publishing    House    in 

China    (127),    112 
Directory   of    Missionary    Societies,    89 
Disciples   of    Christ    (43),    98 
Domestic    and    Foreign    Missionary    Society    of    the 

Protestant     Episcopal     Church     in     the     United 

States  of   America    (45).   98 
Domestic,    Frontier    and     Foreign     Missionary     So- 
ciety   of    the    United    Brethren    in    Christ    (114), 

no 
Dutch   Archipelago,    Animistic    Tribes,    54 
Dutch   Archipelago,    Dutch    Schools,    55 
Dutch   Archipelago,     Elementary    Schools,     55 
Dutch   Archipelago,     Mohammedanism,     54 
Dutch   Archipelago,    Native    Members.    54 
Dutch   Archipelago,    Prospects    for    Christianity,    54 
Dutch   Archipelago,    Revival    at    Nias,    54 
Dutch   Archipelago,    Schools,    54 
Dut<-h   Archipelago.   Schools,   New  Guinea,  54 
Dutch    Reformed   Church    (106),    109 
Dutch    Reformed   Church   of   South   Africa,   Canada 

(18),   92 


Faith   Missionary    Association     (179),    n8 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in 
America    fi2o),    in 

Federation   of   Mission    Boards    (122),    in 

Federation  of  Women's  Boards  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions  of    North   America    (121),    in 

Finnish   Missionary    Society,    120 

Finnish    Societies,    120 

Foreign   Christian    Missionary    Society    (43),    98 

Foreign  Department  of  the  Dominion  Council  of 
the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association  of 
Canada    (10),    91 

Foreign  Department  of  the  National  Board  of  the 
Young  Women's  Christian  Association  of  the 
United  States  of  America   (133),   113 

Foreign  Department  of  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian  Association    (132),    113 

Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Brethren  in  Christ 
of  the  United  States  of  America  and  Canada 
(Tunkers)    (34).    95 

Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Christian  Church 
(37),    96 

Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Evangelical  Synod 
of   North   America    (49),    99 

Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  National  Baptist 
Convention    (24),   93 

Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention    (30),    95 

Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the  United  Lutheran 
Church,    101 

Foreign  Mission  Committee  of  the  United  Free 
Church  of   Scotland,    120 


151 


Foreign   Mission    of    the    Presbyterian    Church    in 

Ireland,    120 
Foreign   Missionary     Association     of     Friends     of 

Philadelphia    (50),    99 
Foreign   Missionary      Society      of      the      Brethren 

Church    (33),    95 
Foreign    Missionary     Society    of    the     General    As- 
sociation    of     General     Baptists    in     the     United 
States    (23),   93 
Foreign   Missionary    Society   of   the    United    Breth- 
ren  in   Christ    (.113),    no 
Foreign    Missions    Committee    of    the    Presbyterian 

Church   of    England,    119 
Foreign   Missions    Committee    of    the    Presbyterian 

Church  of  New  Zealand,   119 
Foreign   Missions    Conference,    Growth,     10 
Foreign   Missions    Conference    of    North    America 

(122),   in 
Foreign    Missions   of   the    Conference   of   the    Men- 
nonite  Brethren  Church  of  North  America  (70), 
103 
Foreign   Sunday    School   Association   of  the  United 

States    of   America    (175),    117 
France,    Financial    Condition,     14 
France,    Missionaries  at  the  Front,    14 
Free   Baptist    Woman's    Missionary    Society    (25b), 

94 
Free   Lutheran   Church    (59),    100 
Free   Methodist    Church    (82),    105 
French   Congo,   Mass  Movements,   50 
French   Congo,    Unoccupied    Territory,    51 
French   Gold    Coast,    49 

French   Indo-China,    Bible   Distribution,   31 
French    Indo-China,    Effect    of   War,    57 
French   Indo-China,    Missionary   Occupation,   31 
French   Indo-China,    Results,    32 
French   Societies,    120 
French   Somaliland,    Railroad,    45 
French   Sudan,    Missionary  Advance,   49 
Friends'    Foreign    Mission    Association,    119 
Friends'    Foreign    Missionary    Society    of   the    Ohio 

Yearly  Meeting  (53),  99 
Friends  (Hicksite)  (50),  99 
Friends    (Orthodox)    (51),   99 


General    Baptist    Church    (23),    93 

General  Conference  of  the  Seventh-Day  Adventist 
Denomination    (22),   93 

General    Council,    Lutheran    (65),    101 

General  Eldership  of  the  Churches  of  God  (40), 
96 

General  Foreign  Missionary  Board  of  the  Pen- 
tecostal  Church   of  the   Nazarene    (93),    106 

General   Information,    69 

General  Mission  Board  of  the  Church  of  the 
Brethren    (Tunkers)     (32),   95 

General  Mission  Committee  of  the  Dutch  Re- 
formed  Church   of   South   Africa,    121 

General  Missionary  Board  of  the  Free  Methodist 
Church    of    North    America    (82).    105 

General  Society  for  Evangelical  Protestant  Mis- 
sions  of   Germany,    120 

General   Synod,    Lutheran    (67),    102 

General    Synod,    Reformed  Presbyterian    (102),   108 

German  Aid  Society  for  Christian  Charity  in  the 
East,    120 

German   East   Africa,    War    Items,    53 

(German)    Evangelical   Synod    (49),   99 

German   Orient   Mission,    120 

(German)    Reformed    Church    (107),    109 

German    Societies,    120 

Germany,    Contributions,    13 

Germany,  Increased  Interest  in  Missionary  Work, 
13 

Germany.   Theological   Students  at  the   Front,    13 

Gospel   Missionary    Society     (154),     115 

Gossner   Missionary    Society,    120 


Gould   Home,    Rome    (182),    118 

Graphs,    76 

Guatemala,    Earthquake,    21 

Guatemala,    School    Work,    21 

Gwalior   Presbyterian    Mission    (15),    92 


H 


Hannover   Free  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church   Mis- 
sionary   Society,     120 
Harvard   Mission    (155),    115 

Hephzibah   Faith    Missionary  Association    (54),    100 
Herma,nnsburg   Evangelical     Lutheran     Missionary 

Society,    120 
Hicksite   Friends  Church    (50),   99 
Hildesheim   Missionary    Society    for   Blind   Girls   in 

China,    120 
Holiness  Association    (156),    115 
Holiness   Church,      International      Apostolic      (55;, 

100 
Holiness  Movement   Church,   Canada    (5),   91 
Holiness   Union,    121 
Home  and     Foreign     Board     of     Missions     of     the 

Schwenkfelder    Church   in    the   United    States   of 

America    (no),    no 
Home  and   Foreign   Missionary   Department  of  the 

African    Methodist    Episcopal    Church    (79),    104 
Home   and     Foreign     Missionary     Society     of     the 

United    Evangelical    Church    (48),    99 
Home   Base,    American,    9 
Home   Base,    British,    12 
Home   Base,    Continental,     13 
Home    Mission     Board     of     the     Southern     Baptist 

Convention    (31),    95 


Iconium   College    (183),    118 

Income   Statistics,    126 

Increased   Giving,    War    Responsible    for,    9 

Independent   Educational    Societies,    118 

Independent   Societies,    114 

India,   Army  Commissions   for   Indians,   35 

India,    Belgian   Relief  Aided,   33 

India,   Christian    Soldiers,   33 

India   Christians,    Conference   of,    33 

India,   Church,   32 

India,    Constitutional    Reforms,    34 

India,    Education   and   the   Conscience  Clause,   36 

India,    Education   of   Women,    36 

India,    Effect  of   War,   34 

India,    Free    Education,    36 

India,    Famine,    33 

India,    German   Missions,  34 

India,    Hinduism    Losing    Ground    in    South,    32 

India,    Indigenous    Initiative,    32 

India,    Middle   Class   Movements,   32 

India,    Missionaries'   Part   in   War,   34 

India,    Missionary    Councils,    33 

India,    Moslem,    36 

India,    Red    Cross   Aided,    33 

India,    Responsible    Government,    34 

India,    Self-Support,   32 

India,    Social    Reforms.    35 

India.    Social   Service   Leagues,   35 

India   Statistics,    33 

India,   Union    and    Cooperation,    34 

India,   Women's   Improvement,   35 

India,   Workers,    33 

Inland-South-America  Missionary  Union,  Canada 
(16),   92 

Inland-South-America  Missionary  Union,  United 
States    (157).    116 

Interdenominational    Educational    Societies.    113 

Interdenominational  Societies  (Excepting  Educa- 
tional),   in 

International   Apostolic   Holiness  Church    (55).   i°o 


152 


International  Committee  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associations,  Foreign  Department 
(132),    113 

International  Medical  Missionary  Society  (158), 
116 

International    Missionary    Union    (159),    116 

International    Reform   Bureau    (160),    116 

Inter- Synodical  Evangelical  Lutheran  Orient  Mis- 
sion   Society    (126),    112 

Iowa,    Lutheran    Synod    (62),     101 

Italian    Somaliland,    Economic    Development,    46 


Jaffna   College   Uig),   97 

James   M.    Taylor    Interdenominational    Missionary 

Work    (178),    117 
Japan,    Attitude   Toward    Christianity,    37 
Japan,    Effect  of  War,   37 
Japan,    Future,    38 
Japan,    Non-Christian    Religions,    37 
Japan,   Leadership,   38 
Japan,    Moral   Openness,    37 
Japan,    Power   in   the   East,   38 
Japan,    Religious   Education,   38 
Japan,    Self-Support,    38 
Japan,   Year's   Progress,   37 
Jebail   Settlement    (161),    116 
Jerusalem   and    the    East    Mission,    119 
Jerusalem   Union,    120 


Kamerun,   48 

Kamerun,   Evangelistic    Revival,    so 

Konia   College    (183),    118 

Konia   Hospital    (162),    116 

Korea,   Japanese   Influence,   30 

Korea,    Missionary    Progress,    31 

Korea,    New    Adjustments,    31 

Korea,   The    Church.    31 

Krimmer   Bruedergemeinde    (75),    103 


Latin   America    Committee    (123),    m 
Latin   America,   Cooperation  in   Christian  Work,    17 
Latin   America   Lutheran   Mission    (66),    102 
Latin   America    Mission    Statistics,    132 
Latin   America,    Land,    17 
Latin   America,   Need  of  Mission   Work,    17 
Latin   America,   People,    17 

Latin   America,    Standardization    of    Schools,     18 
Latin   America,    Temperance    Work,    18 
Latin   America,     Young    Men's    Christian    Associa- 
tion,   18 
Latin   America,    Young    Women's    Christian    Asso- 
ciation,   18 
Laymen's   Missionary    Movement    (124),    112,    10 
Lebanon   Hospital    for   the   Insane    (163),    116 
Leipzig   Evangelical    Lutheran    Mission,    120 
Liberia,   49  _ 

Liberia,    Quickening   of    Native    Church,    50 
Liebenzell    Mission,    120 
Literature,   Missionary,    61 
London    Missionary    Society,    120 
Ludhiana   Women's    Medical    School    (140),    114 
Lutheran    Board   of   Missions    (59),    100 
Lutheran   Brethren     Church     (56),     100 
Lutheran   Danish    (57),    100 
Lutheran,    Danish    United    (58),    100 
Lutheran   Evangelical    Society    of   Finland,    120 
Lutheran   Free    Church    (59).    100 
Lutheran,   General    Council    (65),    101 
Lutheran   General    Synod    (67),    102 
Lutheran   Inter-Synodical    Mission    (126),     112 


Lutheran,  Joint   Synod  of  Ohio   (60),   100 
Lutheran   Norwegian   Church    (61),    100 
Lutheran   Synod    of    Iowa    (62),    101 
Lutheran    Synodical   Conference    (63),    101 
Lutheran   United    Church,    101 


M 

McAll  Association,   Canada    (17),    92 

McAll   Association,    United    States    (164),    116 

Mackenzie   College    (184),    118 

Madras   Women's    College    (135).    "3 

Madura   College    (4id),    97 

Magazine   Articles,    64 

Malaysia,    Education,     38 

Malaysia,    Opium    Trade,    39 

Mandingo   Association,    Inc.    (165),    116 

Maps,    79 

Maritime.   Women's,    Baptist    (ic),    90 

Medical   Missionary    Society    (158),    116 

Melanesian   Mission,    119 

Mennonite   Board  of   Missions  and  Charities   (69), 

102 
Mennonite   Brethren   (70),   103 
Mennonite   Brethren    Church,    Canada    (6),    91 
Mennonite   Brethren    in    Christ    (71),    103 
Mennonite   Brethren  in   Christ   Missionary   Society, 

Ontario   Conference   (6),   91 
Mennonites,   Central    Conference    and    Defenseless 

(73).    103 
Mennonite   Church    (69),    102 
Mennonite,   General    Conference    (74),    103 
Mennonite,    Krimmer    Bruedergemeinde     (7O.     103 
Mennonite   Union  for  the   Propagation  of  the  Gos- 
pel in  the  Ultramarine  Possessions  of  the  Neth- 
erlands,   121 
Mesopotamia,   Effect   of   War,    26 
Mesopotamia,   Opportunity    for    Missions,    58 
Mesopotamia,    Sympathy    Toward    Missions,    26 
Mesopotamia,   Trans-Continental    Railway,    26 
Methodist   Church,    Canada    (7),    91 
Methodist   Episcopal    African    Church    (79),    104 
Methodist   Episcopal    African    Zion     (80),     104 
Methodist  Episcopal    Church    (76),    103 
Methodist   Episcopal    Church,    South    (81),    104 
Methodist   Free    Church    (82),    105 
Methodist    Missionary    Society    of   Australia,    119 
Methodist   Primitive    Church    (83),    105 
Methodist   Protestant   Church    (84),    105 
Methodist   Publishing   House,    China    (127),    112 
Methodist   Union  American   Church    (86),    105 
Methodist   Wesleyan    Church    (87),    106 
Metropolitan    Church    Association    (88),    106 
Mexico,    Cooperation,   23 
Mexico,    Government  and   Religion,   22 
Mexico,    Missionary   Progress,   23 
Mexico,   Need,    22 
Mission   Board   of   the    Evangelical    Church   of   the 

Brethren    (89),    106 
Mission   Board    of    the    General    Eldership    of    the 

Churches    of    God     (40).    96 
Mission    Board    of    the    United    Danish    Evangelical 

Lutheran    Church   in  America    (58),    100 
Mission    Covenant    (112),    no. 

Mission   of    the    Reformtd    Churches   in    the    Neth- 
erlands  to  the   Pagans  and    Mohammedans,    121 
Mission  to    Lepers,    American    Committee     (123), 

112 
Mission  to    Lepers,    Canadian    Committee    (9),    91 
Missionary  Alliance    (36),    96 
Missionary   Ammunition,    n 

Missionary  Board  of  the  Church  of  God   (39).  96 
Missionary   Calls,    84 
Missionary   Education    Movement,    10 
Missionary   Education     Movement     of    the     United 

States    and    Canada    (128),    112 
Missionary   Research    Library,    n 
Missionary   Society  of  the  African  Methodist  Epis- 
copal   Zion    Church    (80) ,    104 


153 


Missionary  Society  of  the  Calvinistic  Methodist 
Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  (104), 
109 

Missionary  Society  of  the  Church  of  England  in 
Canada    (2),    90 

Missionary  Society  of  the  Evangelical  Associa- 
tion  of   North  America    (47),   98 

Missionary   Society    of    the    German    Baptists,     120 

Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist  Church,  Can- 
ada   (7),   91 

Missionary  Society  of  the  Wesleyan  Methodist 
Connection  of  America   (87),   106 

Missionary   Union    (159),     116 

Missions  Board  of  the  Holiness  Movement  Church 
(5),    91 

Missouri  Synod,   Lutheran    (63),    101 

Moravian   Church    (89),     106 

Morocco,   Economic   Development,    46 


N 

Nanking  University    (136),    113 

National   Armenia     and     India     Relief     Association 

for    Industrial   Orphan    Homes    (144).    114 
National   Association    for   Holiness    (156),    115 
National   Baptist    Convention    (24).    93 
National   Bible    Society   of    Scotland,    120 
National   Young     Women's     Christian     Association 

(i33),    113 
Nazarene   Church     (93),     106 
Near   East,    Prospects,    58 
Netherlands,    Difficulties    on    Account    of    the    War, 

14 
Netherlands   Missionary    Society,    121 
Netherlands   Missionary   Union,    121 
Neukirchen   Mission    Institute,    120 
New   England   Friends,    100 
New   Jerusalem    Church     (90),     106 
New  York  Council,  Bolivian  Indian  Mission  (146), 

.114 
Nigeria,    Christian     Opportunity,     49 
Nigeria,   Liquor    Traffic,    50 
Nigeria,   Unity    and    Cooperation,    50 
Non-Christian   Missions   Statistics,    136 
North   Africa,    Opportunity    for    Service,    58 
North   German    Missionary    Society,     120 
Northern   Baptist   Convention    (25),   94 
Northern   Methodist   Church    (76),    103 
Northern   Presbyterian   Church    (98),    107 
Norwegian   Lutheran     China     Mission     Association, 

121 
Norwegian   Lutheran    Church    (61),    100 
Norwegian   Mission    Union,     121 
Norwegian   Missionary    Society,    121 
Norwegian   Societies,    121 
Nyasaland,    Mass    Movement,     53 
Nyasaland     Mission,     American     Committee     (166), 

116 
Nyasaland,   Mohammedan    Advance,    53 


Ohio   Friends    (53),   99 

Ohio   Lutheran    Synod    (60),    100 

Old  Constitution,  United  Brethren  in  Christ  (114), 

no 
Ontario,   Women's,    Baptist    (ia),    90 
Orient   Mission    (126),    112 
Orthodox   Friends    (51),   99 


Pacific     Coast     Council,     Bolivian     Indian     Mission 

(146a),    114 
Palestine,    Future,    39 
Palestine,    Protestant    Missions,    39 
Palestine,    Relief   Work,    39 


Pan-Lutheran  Missionary  Society  for  Latin  Amer- 
ica  (167),    116 
Paraguay,   Cooperation,    23 
Paris   Evangelical   Missionary   Society,    120 
Peking  University    (137),    113 
Peniel    Missionary    Society    (91),    106 
Pennsylvania   Conference    (71),    103 
Pentecost   Bands  of   the   World    (92),    106 
Pentecostal   Church    (93),    106 
Peru,   Cooperation,    23 
Peru,    Missionary    Education,    23 
Persia,   Christian    Martyrs,    40 
Persia,    Missionaries    Help,    40 
Persia,    Missionaries  Win   Confidence,   40 
Persia,    Suffering,    40 
Philippines,    Christian  Literature,   56 
Philippines,   Educational   Work,    56 
Philippines,   Effect    of    World    War,    57 
Philippines,    Health    Bureau,    56 
Philippines,    Liquor    Traffic,    57 
Philippines,    Medical   Work,    56 
Philippines,    Missionary    Occupation,    55 
Philippines,   Part   in   World  War,   57 
Philippines,    Self-supporting    Churches,    56 
Philippines,    Sunday    Schools,    56 
Pictograms,    71 

Plymouth   Brethren    (35),    96 
Porto   Rico  Lutheran   Mission   (66),    102 
Presbyterian  Associate     Reformed     Church     (94), 

107 
Presbyterian  Associate   Synod    (95),    107 
Presbyterian   Church,    Canada    (8),    91 
Presbyterian  Church    in     United     States     (South) 

(97),    107 
Presbyterian   Church   in    U.    S.    A.    (North)    (98), 

107 
Presbyterian   Cumberland   Church    (96),    107 
Presbyterian   Reformed    Church    (101),    108 
Presbyterian   Reformed   General    Synod    (102),    108 
Presbyterian   United    Church    (103),    108   . 
Presbyterian  Welsh    Calvinistic    Methodist    (104), 

109 
Primitive    Methodist    Church    (83).    105 
Primitive   Methodist    Missionary    Society,     119 
Princeton   Mission     (132a),    113 
Protestant   Episcopal    Church    (45),    oS 
Protestant   Methodist    Church    (84),    105 


Ramabai  Association    (169),    117 
Reformed   Church    Christian    (105),     109 
Reformed   Church  in  the  United   States   (107),   109 
Reformed   Episcopal    Church    (46),    98 
Reformed   in    America     (106),     109 
Reformed  Presbyterian   Church    (101),    108 
Reformed   Presbyterian   General    Synod    (102),    108 
Regions   Beyond    Missionary    Union,    120 
Religions    of   the   World,    84 
Rhenish   Missionary    Society,    120 
Rhenish-Westphalien   Deaconesses'   Society,    120 
Rhodesia,   Land  Question,   52 
Robert  College    (185),    118 


St.   Paul's    Institute    (41I1),    97 

Salvation  Army,    109 

San  Pedro    Mission    (19),    92 

Santal  Mission    (170),     117 

Scandinavian  Alliance    (109),   109 

Scandinavian   Alliance    Mission    of    North    America 

(109),    109 
Scandinavian   Countries,      Increased      Interest      in 

Missions,    14 
Scandinavian  Independent     Baptist     Denomination 

(28),    94 


154 


Schleswig-Holstein  Evangelical  Lutheran  Mission- 
ary   Society    at    Breklum,    120 

Schwenkfelder   Church    (no),    no 

Seoul   Bible    School    (138),    114 

Seventh-Day   Adventist   Denomination    (22),   93 

Seventh    Day    Baptist    Missionary    Society    (29),    95 

Siam,    Christian    Literature,    41 

Siani,    Death    of    Dr.    Dunlap.    41 

Siam,   Part   in  World  War,  41 

Siam,    Presbyterian    Missions,    40 

Siam,    Reformed    Buddhism,   41 

Sierra   Leone,    People   Eager   for   Education,   49 

Significant   Movements   of    Many    Boards,    9 

Society  for  Home  and  Foreign  Missions  Accord- 
ing to  the  Principles  of  the  Lutheran  Church, 
120 

Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  For- 
eign  Parts,    119 

Society  of  the  United  Brethren  for  Propagating 
the    Gospel    Among   the    Heathen    (89a),    106 

South   Africa    General    Mission    (171),    117,    121 

South   Africa,    Hardships   of   Natives,    51 

South   Africa,    Loss   of   Three    Missionaries,    52 

South   Africa,    Political    and    Social    Conditions,    51 

South   African    Baptist   Missionary   Society,    121 

South   African    Missionary    Society,     121 

South   African     Societies,     121 

South   American    Missionary    Society,    119 

South   China    Boat    Mission    (172),    117 

South   India    Women's   Medical    School    (139),    114 

South   Sea    Evangel    Mission,    119 

Southern   Baptist    Convention    (30),    9s 

Southern   Lutheran    Church    (68),     102 

Southern   Methodist    Church    (81),    104 

Southern   Presbyterian    Church     (97),     107 

Statistical   Bureau,    n 

Statistics   for    European    Missions,     132 

Statistics   for    Latin    American    Missions,    132 

Statistics   for    the    Non-Christian   World,    136 

Statistics  of   Society    Incomes,    126 

Stearns'    Bible    Classes    (173),    117 

Stearns'.  Rev.  D.  M.,  Church  and  Bible  Classes 
(i73),     "7     , 

Student  Volunteer  Movement  for  Foreign  Mis- 
sion   (129),    112,    10 

Synodical   Conference,    Lutheran    (63),    101 

Syria,   College    Influence,    42 

Syria,    Development    of    Resources,    42 

Syria,    Missionary    Leadership,    42 

Syria,   Missionary   Work    Continued,    41 

Syria,    Relief   Needed,    41 

Syria,    Sanitation,   42 

Syria.    Suffering.    41 

Syrian  Protestant  College,  Beirut,  Syria  (186), 
118 

Sudan,   Contribution   of   Sunday    Schools,    45 

Sudan   Interior    Mission    (20),    93 

Sudan   United    Mission     (174),     117 

Sunday    School   Association,    Foreign    (175),    117 

Sunday   School   Association,    World's    (130),    112 

Swedenborgian   Church    (90).    106 

Swedish   Alliance    Mission,    121 

Swedish    Baptist   Foreign   Missions   Committee,    121 

Swedish  Evangelical  Free  Church  of  the  United 
States   of   North   America    (in),    no 

Swedish  Evangelical  Mission  Covenant  of  Amer- 
ica   (112),    no 

Swedish   Missionary    Society,    121 

Swedish    Societies,    121 

Swiss   Evangelical    Mission    to    Shangaan,    121 

Swiss   Societies,    121 


Table   of    Countries,    82 

Togoland,    Mission    Work,    48 

Toronto   Committee     of     the     Women's     Christian 

Medical   College,    Ludhiana,   Punjab,    India   (n), 

92 


Tract   Society    (117),    m 

Tripoli,   Effect    of    World    War,    46 

Trustees  of  Central  Turkey  College,  Aintab  (4ie), 
97 

Trustees   of    Euphrates   College   Funds    (4 1  f ) ,    97 

Trustees   of    Jaffna    College    Funds    (4ig).    97 

Trustees  of  Mackenzie  College,  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil 
(184),    118 

Trustees   of  Peking  University    (137),    113 

Trustees   of    Robert    College    (185).    118 

Trustees  of  the  American  College  for  Girls  at 
Constantinople    (181).    118 

Trustees  of  the  Canton  Christian  College  (180), 
118 

Trustees  of  the  Endowment  Fund  of  the  Amer- 
ican   College,    Madura,    India    (4id),    97 

Trustees   of   the  University  of  Nanking    (136),    113 

Tunis,    Christian    Literature,    46 

Tunis,    Friendly    Officials,    46 

Tunis,    Unhindered  Work,  46 

Tunkers   Church    (34).    95 


Uganda,   Mass    Movements,     53 

Uganda,   Mohammedan   Advance,    53 

Uganda,    Native    Church,    53 

Union    Methodist    Church    (86).    105 

Union   Missionary     Medical     School     for     Women, 

South    India    (139),    114 
Union   University    at    Cairo    (134),    113 
Union   University    of    Nanking    (136),     113 
Union   University   of   Peking    (137),    113 
United    Baptist   Woman's  Missionary   Union   of  the 

Maritime    Provinces    (ic),    90 
United   Brethren   Church    (113),    no 
United   Brethren    (Old    Constitution)    (114),    no 
United    Danish    Church    (58),    100 
United   Evangelical    Church    (48),    99 
United    Lutheran    Church,     101 

United   Methodist   Church    Missionary    Society,    119 
United   Orphanage    and   Mission    Society    (72),    103 
United   Presbyterian    Church    (103),    108 
United   States,    Increased   Income,    9 
United   Synod,    Lutheran    (68),    102 
LTniversalist   General    Convention    (115),    no 
Universities   Mission   to    Central    Africa,    119 
University   of    Pennsylvania,    Christian    Association 

(168),    116 
Unoccupied   Fields,    Effect   of  World   War,    57 
Uruguay,    Cooperation,    23 
Uruguay,    Philosophic    Unrest,    19 
Uruguay,    Religious    Teachers    Opposed,    24 
Utrecht   Mission    Union,    121 


Vellore   Women's    Medical    School    (139), 
Venezuela,    Dearth   of  Missionaries,   24 
Venezuela,    Inadequate   Schools,    24 
Visualizing   Missions,    71 


W 

Waldensian   Aid    Society    (177),    117 

Welsh   Calvanistic     Methodists'     Foreign     Missions, 

119 
Welsh    Presbyterian    Church    (104),    109 
Wesleyan   Methodist    Church    (87).    106 
Wesleyan   Methodist    Missionary     Society,     1 19 
Western   Africa,   Effects  of  World  War,  48 
Western   Africa,    Mass    Movements,    49 
Western   Canada,   Women's,    Presbyterian    (8b),    91 
Winebrennarian   Church    (40),   96 
Woman's  Algerian        Mission        Band,        American 

(142),    114 


155 


Woman's  American  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  So- 
ciety   (25a),    94  .         TT  . 

Woman's  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  so- 
ciety   (27),   94 

Woman's  Auxiliary  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in   the   United    States    (South)    (97a),    107 

Woman's  Auxiliary  to  the  Domestic  and  Foreign 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  United  States  of  America  (45a), 
98 

Woman's  Auxiliary  to  the  Missionary  Society  of 
the   Church   of   England   in   Canada    (2a),    90 

Woman's  Board  for  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Christian    Church    (37a),   96 

Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Pres- 
'   byterian    Church.    New    York    (98a).    107 

Woman's  Board  of  Home  Missions  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica   (100),    108 

Woman's   Board  of  Missions   (41a),  97 

Woman's  Board  of  Missions  for  the  Pacific  (41c), 
97 

Woman's  Board  of  Missions  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian    Church    (96),    107 

Woman's   Board  of  Missions  of  the  Interior   (41b), 

97 

Woman's   Christian   Temperance   Union    (13O,    112 

Woman's  Convention  Auxiliary  National  Baptist 
Convention    (24a),   94 

Woman's  Executive  Board,  Seventh  Day  Baptist 
General    Conference    (29a),    95 

Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Free 
Methodist  Church  of  North   America    (82a),    105 

Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Meth- 
odist   Episcopal    Church    (76a),    103 

Woman's   Foreign   Missionary  Society  of  the  Meth- 
odist   Protestant    Church    (85),    105 
Woman's     Foreign     Missionary     Society     of     the 
Presbyterian    Church    (98c)     108 

Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of  the  Re- 
formed  Episcopal    Church    (46a).   98 

Woman's  Foreign  Missionary  Union  of  Friends 
in   America    (51a),   99 

Woman's  General  Missionary  Society  of  the 
Churches  of  God    (40a),   97 

Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Mission  Society  of 
the    Advent    Christian    Denomination     (21a),    93 

Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
(79a),     J04 

Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion 
Church    (80a),    104 

Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the  General  Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lu- 
theran Church  in  the  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica   (67a),    102  , 

Woman's  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the   United    Evangelical   Church    (48a).   99 

Woman's  Home  Missionary  Society  of  the  Metho- 
dist   Episcopal    Church    (78),    104 

Woman's  Missionary  Conference  of  the  United 
Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in 
the    South    (68a),    102 

Woman's  Missionary  Council  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal    Church,    South    (81a),    105  _ 

Woman's  Missionary  Society  of  the  Evangelical 
Association    (47a),    99 


Woman's   Missionary  Society  of  the  General  Coun- 
cil    of     the     Evangelical     Lutheran     Church     in 

North    America    (65a),     102 
Woman's  Missionary     Society     of     the     Methodist 

Church,    Canada     (7a),    91 
Woman's   Missionary    Society    of    the    Presbyterian 

Church    in    Canada    (Eastern    Section)     (8a),    91 
Woman's    Missionary    Society    of    the    United    Lu- 
theran   Church,    101 
Woman's   Missionary     Union      (Auxiliary     to     the 

Southern    Baptist    Convention)     (30a),    95 
Woman's   North     Pacific     Presbyterian     Board     of 

Missions    (98c),    108 
Woman's    Occidental    Board    of    Foreign    Missions 

of   the   Presbyterian   Church    (98b),    108 
Woman's    Parent    Mite    Missionary    Society    of    the 

Afriean    Methodist   Episcopal   Church    (79b),    104 
Woman's   Presbyterian    Board   of  Foreign   Missions 

of  the    Southwest    (93d),    108 
Woman's   Presbyterian    Board    of    Missions    of    the 

Northwest    (98D,    108 
Woman's  Union     Missionary     Society     of    America 

(178),    117 
Women    Missionary   Workers,   Sweden.   121 
Women's   Baptist    Foreign    Missionary    Society    of 

Eastern    Ontario   and   Quebec    (ib).    90 
Women's   Baptist     Foreign     Missionary    Society    of 

Ontario     (West)     (ia),    90 
Women's   Christian     College,     Madras,     Board     of 

Governors,    American    Section    (135;,    113 
Women's   Christian      Medical      College,      Ludhiana, 

Canada    Committee    (11),    92 
Women's   Christian      Medical      College,      Ludhiana, 

Punjab,   India    (140),    114 
Women's   Federation     of     Mission     Boards     (121), 

1 1 1 
Women's     General      Missionary      Society     of     the 

Churches  of   God    (Independent)    (152)1    i'5 
Women's   General      Missionary      Society      of      the 

United    Presbyterian    Church   of   North  .America 

(103a),   109  . 

Women's   Home    and    Foreign    Missionary    Society 

of   the    Wesleyan    Methodist    Church    (87a),    106 
Women's   Missionary    Society     (Western    Division) 

Presbyterian    Church    in    Canada    (8b),    91 
Women's   National    Missionary    Association    of    the 

Universalist     Church     (115a),     no 
World's   Christian    Endeavor   Union    (118),    11 1 
World's   Faith    Missionary    Association    (179).    118 
World's   Sunday       School      Association       (Interna- 
tional)    (130),    112 
World's   Woman's     Christian     Temperance     Union 

(13O,    112 


Vale   Foreign   Missionary    Society    (187),    118 
Yale    in    China    (187),    118 

Young   Men's    Christian    Association    (132),     113 
Young  Women's      Christian     Association,      Canada 

(10),   91 
Young   Women's      Christian      Association,      United 

States    (133).    "3 


Zion    Methodist    Church    (80),    104 


156 


Princeton  Theological  Seminary  Libraries 


arv   Libra 


1    1012  01234  8308 


